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Sensory Hair Cell Death And Regeneration
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Book Synopsis Sensory Hair Cell Death and Regeneration by : Michael E. Smith
Download or read book Sensory Hair Cell Death and Regeneration written by Michael E. Smith and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-12-13 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensory hair cells are the specialized mechanosensory receptors found in vertebrate auditory, vestibular, and lateral line organs that transduce vibratory and acoustic stimuli into the sensations of hearing and balance. Hair cells can be damaged due to such factors as aging, ototoxic chemicals, acoustic trauma, infection, or genetic factors. Loss of these hair cells lead to deficits in hearing and balance, and in mammals, such deficits are permanent. In contrast, non-mammalian vertebrates exhibit the capability to regenerate missing hair cells. Researchers have been examining the process of hair cell death and regeneration in animal models in an attempt to find ways of either preventing hair cell loss or stimulating the production of new hair cells in mammals, with the ultimate goal of finding new therapeutics for human sensorineural hearing and balance deficits. This has led to a wide array of research on sensory hair cells- such as understanding the factors that cause hair cell loss and finding agents that protect them from damage, elucidating the cell signaling pathways activated during hair cell death, examining the genes and cellular pathways that are regulated during the process of hair cell death and regeneration, and characterizing the functional sensory loss and recovery following acoustic or ototoxic insults to the inner ear. This research has involved cell and developmental biologists, physiologists, geneticists, bioinformaticians, and otolaryngologists. In this Research Topic, we have collated reviews of the past progress of hair cell death and regeneration studies and original research articles advancing sensory hair cell death and regeneration research into the future.
Book Synopsis Hair Cell Regeneration, Repair, and Protection by : Richard J. Salvi
Download or read book Hair Cell Regeneration, Repair, and Protection written by Richard J. Salvi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-04-16 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not male pattern baldness, but the loss of sensory hair, is a very serious topic. Sensory hair cells convert sound and motion into our sense of hearing, movement, and head position. In mammals, the loss of hair cells is irreversible. Or is it? Hair cells in other vertebrates are capable of regenerating and recovering partial or complete function. This book provides a comprehensive survey of the regeneration of sensory hair cells.
Book Synopsis Hair Cell Regeneration by : Mark E. Warchol
Download or read book Hair Cell Regeneration written by Mark E. Warchol and published by Springer. This book was released on 2023-05-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a detailed update on progress in the field of hair cell regeneration. This topic is of considerable interest to academicians, clinicians, and commercial entities, including students of auditory and vestibular neuroscience, audiologists, otologists, and industry, all of whom may have interest in hair cell regeneration as a potential future therapy for hearing and balance dysfunction. In 2008, Springer published a SHAR volume on this subject (Hair Cell Regeneration, Repair, and Protection, Editors Richard Salvi and Richard Fay). Since that time, there has been considerable advancement in this field.This book provides a historical perspective on the field, but the emphasis is on more "prospective" views of the various facets of regeneration research, in the hope that the volume will stimulate new projects and approaches, focusing on the limitations of current knowledge and describing promising strategies for future work. The book will include the following key features of hair cell regeneration: • Cellular and molecular control hair cell regeneration in non-mammalian species (in particular zebrafish and chickens) • Our current understanding of the capacity for hair cell replacement in mammals (rodents and humans). • Signals controlling pro-regenerative behaviors in supporting cells, the hair cell progenitors. • New techniques that have been applied to study the genetic and epigenetic regulation of hair cell regeneration in mammals and non-mammals. • Contributions of stem cells toward building new tools to explore how hair cell regeneration is controlled and toward developing cells and tissue for therapeutic transplantation. • Studies that have applied gene and drug therapy to promote regeneration in mammals.
Book Synopsis Sensory Hair Cell Death and Regeneration by :
Download or read book Sensory Hair Cell Death and Regeneration written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensory hair cells are the specialized mechanosensory receptors found in vertebrate auditory, vestibular, and lateral line organs that transduce vibratory and acoustic stimuli into the sensations of hearing and balance. Hair cells can be damaged due to such factors as aging, ototoxic chemicals, acoustic trauma, infection, or genetic factors. Loss of these hair cells lead to deficits in hearing and balance, and in mammals, such deficits are permanent. In contrast, non-mammalian vertebrates exhibit the capability to regenerate missing hair cells. Researchers have been examining the process of hair cell death and regeneration in animal models in an attempt to find ways of either preventing hair cell loss or stimulating the production of new hair cells in mammals, with the ultimate goal of finding new therapeutics for human sensorineural hearing and balance deficits. This has led to a wide array of research on sensory hair cells- such as understanding the factors that cause hair cell loss and finding agents that protect them from damage, elucidating the cell signaling pathways activated during hair cell death, examining the genes and cellular pathways that are regulated during the process of hair cell death and regeneration, and characterizing the functional sensory loss and recovery following acoustic or ototoxic insults to the inner ear. This research has involved cell and developmental biologists, physiologists, geneticists, bioinformaticians, and otolaryngologists. In this Research Topic, we have collated reviews of the past progress of hair cell death and regeneration studies and original research articles advancing sensory hair cell death and regeneration research into the future.
Book Synopsis Hair Cells: Regeneration, Repair and Death by : Jacob Evans
Download or read book Hair Cells: Regeneration, Repair and Death written by Jacob Evans and published by States Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sensory receptors which belong to the vestibular and auditory systems of vertebrates are termed as hair cells. They are present within the ears. These cells are able to detect movement around them through mechanotransduction. In mammals, hair cells are located in the cochlea of the inner ear. These cells can be categorized into two types, the inner and outer hair cells. They are functionally and anatomically different from each other. The inner hair cells are responsible for converting the sound vibrations in the fluids of the cochlea into electrical signals which are then conveyed to the brain. They are unable to regenerate. Therefore, any injury or damage to them is permanent and can lead to a decrease in hearing sensitivity. This book covers in detail some existent theories and innovative concepts revolving around the regeneration, repair and death of hair cells. Its aim is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. This book will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this field.
Book Synopsis Distinct Mechanisms Underlie Regeneration of Mechanosensory Hair Cells in Zebrafish by : Eric D. Thomas
Download or read book Distinct Mechanisms Underlie Regeneration of Mechanosensory Hair Cells in Zebrafish written by Eric D. Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear mediate hearing and balance. Widespread loss of these hair cells results in severe hearing and balance deficits. Humans and other mammals are unable to regrow lost hair cells, but there are a number of other organisms, such as fish, frogs, and birds, that can. A more thorough understanding of how this hair cell regeneration occurs, at the genetic, molecular, and cellular levels, could one day allow us to target those same processes in humans and induce endogenous hair cell regeneration as a therapy for hearing and balance disorders. The zebrafish is one such organism that serves as an excellent model for hair cell regeneration. Zebrafish not only have an inner ear, but also a sensory system called the lateral line, which is comprised of clusters of hair cells arranged along the surface of the body. Lateral line hair cells are analogous to inner ear hair cells, but mediate the fish’s response to changing water flow. Previous studies have demonstrated that lateral line hair cells regenerate rapidly and completely following hair cell death, and that the surrounding support cells serve as progenitors for new hair cells. However, little is known about how progenitor function in the lateral line is regulated, and the work presented in this thesis seeks to rectify that. In Chapter 1 I provide an introduction to hair cell regeneration, with a particular focus on hair cell regeneration in the zebrafish lateral line and the inner ear. In Chapter 2, I identify genetically-distinct populations of lateral line support cells and demonstrate that they differ in their capacities to serve as hair cell progenitors. Furthermore, I show that these progenitor populations are independently regulated and that they also serve to maintain the progenitor pool within the lateral line. In Chapter 3, I develop tools to study regeneration of zebrafish inner ear hair cells and demonstrate that regeneration in the cristae occurs via transdifferentiation. Finally, in Chapter 4 I summarize my work and outline future experiments that will further elucidate our understanding of the mechanisms underlying hair cell regeneration.
Book Synopsis Hair Cell Regeneration, Repair, and Protection by : Richard J. Salvi
Download or read book Hair Cell Regeneration, Repair, and Protection written by Richard J. Salvi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not male pattern baldness, but the loss of sensory hair, is a very serious topic. Sensory hair cells convert sound and motion into our sense of hearing, movement, and head position. In mammals, the loss of hair cells is irreversible. Or is it? Hair cells in other vertebrates are capable of regenerating and recovering partial or complete function. This book provides a comprehensive survey of the regeneration of sensory hair cells.
Book Synopsis Molecular and Quantitative Spatial Analysis of Aminoglycoside-induced Hair Cell Death and Regeneration in the Avian Cochlea by : Dominic Aaron Mangiardi
Download or read book Molecular and Quantitative Spatial Analysis of Aminoglycoside-induced Hair Cell Death and Regeneration in the Avian Cochlea written by Dominic Aaron Mangiardi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Sensory hair cells in the cochlea convert fluid movement resulting from sound pressure waves into neural signals to relay information about sound to the brain. Damage to these sensory receptors can result in permanent hearing loss in humans. A leading cause of sensory hair cell death is exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics (e.g. gentamicin), which are clinically used to treat bacterial infection despite their known ototoxicity. The avian cochlea is a useful animal model to study aminoglycoside-induced sensory hair cell death due to structural similarities to the mammalian cochlea and similar susceptibility to aminoglycosides. The avian cochlea also has the capacity to regenerate lost hair cells via induction of neighboring supporting cells to re-enter the cell cycle and repopulate the damaged epithelium, unlike the mammalian cochlea. The aims of this dissertation are to study the mechanisms of aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death in the avian cochlea and the subsequent replacement of damaged hair cells via supporting cell proliferation. A subcutaneous gentamicin injection (300 mg/kg) induced a proximal to distal progression of hair cell loss in the avian cochlea. Immunohistochemical labeling of avian cochlear preparations and confocal analysis were utilized to demonstrate the primary mechanism of hair cell death was via caspase-mediated apoptosis. A novel segmentation algorithm was developed to process confocal images of the avian cochlea to assess hair cell density across the surface of the sensory epithelium. This algorithm was utilized to demonstrate the opposite patterns of hair cell loss in the avian cochlea following systemic gentamicin treatment in vivo versus exposure to gentamicin in vitro and the rapid hair cell loss along the neural edge of the sensory epithelium following placement of explanted cochleae into the culture environment. Finally, the spatio-temporal progression of hair cell regeneration following systemic gentamicin treatment was analyzed using 3D confocal image stacks. The results of this analysis indicated a proximal to distal and inferior to superior progression of hair cell replacement that mimicked the progression of hair cell loss. However, no specific pattern of initial progenitor cell location within the depth of the sensory epithelium was determined.
Book Synopsis Hair Cell Regeneration & Hearing Loss Fact Sheet by :
Download or read book Hair Cell Regeneration & Hearing Loss Fact Sheet written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Signaling Pathway Mediating Aminoglycoside-induced Sensory Hair Cell Death by : Jonathan Isamu Matsui
Download or read book A Signaling Pathway Mediating Aminoglycoside-induced Sensory Hair Cell Death written by Jonathan Isamu Matsui and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of an Optogenetic Tool for Targeted Sensory Hair Cell Ablation in Zebrafish by : Alexandria Christine Cedrone
Download or read book Development of an Optogenetic Tool for Targeted Sensory Hair Cell Ablation in Zebrafish written by Alexandria Christine Cedrone and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanosensory hair cells convert mechanical information into neuronal signals. Mutations in the genes required for hair cell function cause deafness and lead to the degeneration of sensory hair cells. Mammals are unable to regenerate these cells, leading to the permanent loss of hair cells. Research efforts are being made to stimulate hair cell regeneration in mammals and to repair genetic mutations via gene therapy to restore hearing. However, if sensory-deficient hair cells are unable to be regenerated, the effectiveness of gene therapy will be limited. To date, there are no studies examining whether mutant hair cells are able to regenerate after cell death. Other vertebrates, such as amphibians, birds, reptiles and fish, possess the ability to regenerate mechanosensory hair cells after cell death. Thus, it is of great value to investigate the genetic factors affecting the regeneration of the sensory hair cells in these species as a step towards initiating this ability in humans. This experiment uses the zebrafish model system to investigate the ability of sensory- deficient hair cells to resist ototoxic insults, and the proliferative and regenerative properties of the lateral line organ. To look at the regeneration capabilities of MET mutants, ablation methods were used to target sensory hair cells using the OptoBax system in zebrafish.
Book Synopsis The Role of Cadherin Fat2 in Zebrafish Hair Cell Development and Planar Cell Polarity by : Victoria Leigh Palfini
Download or read book The Role of Cadherin Fat2 in Zebrafish Hair Cell Development and Planar Cell Polarity written by Victoria Leigh Palfini and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Damage to the mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear results in hearing loss and balance impairment. Although hair cell loss is permanent in humans and other mammals, nonmammalian vertebrates such as zebrafish (Danio rerio) can regenerate fully functional hair cells, making them a useful model for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying hair cell regeneration. In zebrafish, hair cells are organized into sensory organs called neuromasts. Previous studies have reported the downregulation of fat2 in the mantle cells, a type of support cell located in the neuromast that gives rise to hair cells following hair cell death. The Fat family of cadherins are involved in planar cell polarity (PCP) and regulation of cell proliferation, both of which are important for development and regeneration. In this study, I investigated Fat2's function in hair cell development and planar cell polarity through the use of immunohistochemical assays and morpholino oligonucleotide (MO)-mediated knockdown of fat2. Immunofluorescent labeling of zebrafish larvae with an antibody against Fat2 confirms that this protein localizes in the mantle cells. Although there does not appear to be a difference in the PCP of the neuromasts of MO-injected (morphant) larvae and sham-injected control larvae, Fat2 affects the hair cell populations of these two groups. Over time, the neuromasts of morphant larvae have significantly fewer hair cells than control larvae, indicating slowed cell division in morphants. These results suggest that Fat2 plays a role in cell division during development as a possible factor involved in determining the rate of mantle cell proliferation.
Download or read book Renewal of Life! written by Avis Simmonds and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2018-12-29 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of this book, Renewal of Life!, was thought of as I traveled around and observed how life is renewed in so many forms. One is not only revived or renewed from an unconscious state, but as one will see from the variety of pictures, life in any form is being renewed. For example, I have seen a flower blooming from a limb of the tree that is obviously dormant, or in forest-ecology terms, a snag. That scene moved my thoughts even more about how awesome life is and that I must share my findings. Therefore, we must take time out of our busy, hectic lifestyle and find the renewals of our own lives, observing the many facets of this life. By so doing, our inner souls will become renewed about this precious life we have.
Book Synopsis The Role of Fat2 and Fat3 Cadeherins on Hair Cell Development and Planar Cell Polarity in the Zebrafish Lateral Line by : Philippine E Alba
Download or read book The Role of Fat2 and Fat3 Cadeherins on Hair Cell Development and Planar Cell Polarity in the Zebrafish Lateral Line written by Philippine E Alba and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanosensory hair cells in the inner ear are responsible for converting the physical vibrations of sound waves into electrical signals which the brain can then interpret. Damage to these cells can result in loss of hearing and balance. While hair cells in mammals lose their ability to regenerate, some non-mammalian vertebrates are able to generate fully functioning hair cells following death or damage throughout their entire life span; one such species is the zebrafish (Danio rerio) whose hair cells are stereotypically organized along the lateral line in sensory clusters called neuromasts. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hair cell regeneration is necessary in order to explore potential treatments for hearing loss caused by damage to these mechanosensory cells. Past studies have found that the Fat family of proteins may play a role in both planar cell polarity (PCP) and epithelial cell division and are therefore suitable candidates for exploring potential roles in regeneration. This study aimed to replicate the immunohistochemical and MO assays done in the past for Fat2 and Fat3 cadherins, looking for effects on hair cell development and PCP. I compared hair cell counts and planar polarity in 4 conditions: control (phenol red), Fat3 with P53, Fat2 with P53, Fat3, Fat2 and P53 knock-downs. Results found significant effects of all 3 knockdown conditions on hair cells counts when compared to controls but yield no differences between knockdown groups. These results suggests that Fat2 and Fat3 are employed in the same pathway regulating hair cell development. Assays exploring PCP yielding inconclusive results.
Book Synopsis The Mechanosensory Lateral Line by : Sheryl Coombs
Download or read book The Mechanosensory Lateral Line written by Sheryl Coombs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents the published proceedings of an international conference on the Neurobiology and Evolution of the Mechanosensory Lateral Line System held August 31 to September 4, 1987, at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research at the University of Bielefeld, West Germany. The goal of this confer ence was to bring together researchers from all over the world to share informa tion about a major aquatic sensory system, the evolution and function of which have largely remained an enigma since the 18th century. The "lateral line" or "lateralis" system has been used as an umbrella term to describe what originally (without the aid of modern anatomical techniques) looked like a series of pits, grooves, and lines on the head and trunk of fishes and some amphibians. For at least the past 30 years, however, it has been recognized that the lateralis system comprises not one, but at least two functional classes of receptors: mechanoreceptors and electroreceptors. The relative ease with which the appropriate stimulus could be defined and measured for the electroreceptive class has resulted in an explosion of information on this submodality during the past 20 years. As a result, there is little ambiguity about the overall function of the electrosensory system, now generally regarded as an independent system in its own right. A similarly clear definition for the function of the mechanosensory lateralis system has not been as forthcoming.
Book Synopsis New Therapies to Prevent or Cure Auditory Disorders by : Sylvie Pucheu
Download or read book New Therapies to Prevent or Cure Auditory Disorders written by Sylvie Pucheu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hearing loss is the most common form of sensory impairment in humans, affecting 360 million persons worldwide. In parallel, tinnitus disorder, the perception of a phantom sound often described as a ringing or buzzing, affects around 10–15% of the general population and interferes with daily life. Hyperacusis, defined as a hypersensitivity to moderate-intensity sounds often co-occurs with tinnitus suggesting a common mechanism of dysfunction for these two perceptual disorders. Whereas some drug candidates are in the process of being developed, nowadays no effective treatment exists to cure hearing loss and tinnitus. The topic of this book was selected with the goal of emphasizing mechanisms that induce hearing loss and tinnitus which lead the selection of promising targets for hearing disorder treatment. Hair cells (HC) are the sensory cells of the inner ear required for both auditory and vestibular functions in all vertebrates. HC are progressively lost during ageing and they are in addition sensitive to physical and acoustic traumas, infectious diseases and chemicals present in commonly used treatments such as anticancer, antimalarial or antibiotics. As adult mammals--including humans--cannot regenerate dead HC, all the possible injury could result in irreversible and permanent hearing loss. It has been shown, however, that a limited capacity to regenerate HC exists in mouse at an early stage of development. The regenerative capacity of HC then appears simply “repressed” in adult mammals, and one could expect it will be possible to re-activate it with an appropriate therapeutic approach which is still to be defined. Immune-mediated inner ear disease has been introduced and accepted as one SNHL pathophysiology; it responds to immunosuppressive therapy and is one of the few reversible forms of bilateral SNHL. Macrophages are always present in the spiral ligament of the lateral wall and are activated in response to various types of stimuli, including noise exposure, ischemia, mitochondrial damage, and surgical stress. Recent studies have also revealed another type of immune cell, called perivascular melanocyte-like macrophages (PVM/Ms), in the stria vascularis. The book will include a review of inflammatory/immune cells in the cochlear lateral wall, the pathways involved in cochlear damage and their potential as therapeutic targets. The final chapter provides an overview of current animal model of tinnitus and hyperacusis. Nowadays no effective treatment exists to cure tinnitus and hyperacusis. One major obstacle to arises from the fact that tinnitus is a subjective phenomenon, the only possible diagnosis relies on self-reports of the subjects. The main constraint of the use of animal models is the subjective character of tinnitus. This chapter describe the advancement in animal models which play an important role in revealing the underlying mechanisms and treatment for tinnitus and hyperacusis.
Book Synopsis Regeneration of Vertebrate Sensory Receptor Cells by : Gregory R. Bock
Download or read book Regeneration of Vertebrate Sensory Receptor Cells written by Gregory R. Bock and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international group of leading investigators discuss recent progress of sensory structures in lower and higher vertebrates. Experts in two relevant fields--the cell cycle and mitogenic growth factors--present insightful contributions in the search for precursors and/or stem cells in each sense organ plus the signals which regulate those precursors' differentiation both in normal development and regeneration.
