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Seismic Tomography And Mantle Circulation
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Book Synopsis Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions by : Hauke Marquardt
Download or read book Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions written by Hauke Marquardt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-07 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidisciplinary perspective on the dynamic processes occurring in Earth's mantle The convective motion of material in Earth's mantle, powered by heat from the deep interior of our planet, drives plate tectonics at the surface, generating earthquakes and volcanic activity. It shapes our familiar surface landscapes, and also stabilizes the oceans and atmosphere on geologic timescales. Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions brings together perspectives from observational geophysics, numerical modelling, geochemistry, and mineral physics to build a holistic picture of the deep Earth. It explores the dynamic processes occurring in the mantle as well as the associated heat and material cycles. Volume highlights include: Perspectives from different scientific disciplines with an emphasis on exploring synergies Current state of the mantle, its physical properties, compositional structure, and dynamic evolution Transport of heat and material through the mantle as constrained by geophysical observations, geochemical data and geodynamic model predictions Surface expressions of mantle dynamics and its control on planetary evolution and habitability The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Book Synopsis Seismic Tomography and Mantle Circulation by : R. K. O'Nions
Download or read book Seismic Tomography and Mantle Circulation written by R. K. O'Nions and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Tomography and Mantle Circulation by : Royal Society (Great Britain). Discussion Meeting
Download or read book Seismic Tomography and Mantle Circulation written by Royal Society (Great Britain). Discussion Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Multiscale Seismic Tomography by : Dapeng Zhao
Download or read book Multiscale Seismic Tomography written by Dapeng Zhao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-20 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book on multiscale seismic tomography, written by one of the leaders in the field, is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and professionals in Earth and planetary sciences who need to broaden their horizons about seismotectonics, volcanism, and interior structure and dynamics of the Earth and Moon. It describes the state-of-the-art in seismic tomography, with emphasis on the new findings obtained by applying tomographic methods in local, regional, and global scales for understanding the generating mechanism of large and great earthquakes such as the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake (Mw 9.0), crustal and upper mantle structure, origin of active arc volcanoes and intraplate volcanoes including hotspots, heterogeneous structure of subduction zones, fate of subducting slabs, origin of mantle plumes, mantle convection, and deep Earth dynamics. The first lunar tomography and its implications for the mechanism of deep moonquakes and lunar evolution are also introduced.
Book Synopsis Constraints on Mantle Convection from Seismic Tomography and Flow Modeling by : Hrafnkell Kárason
Download or read book Constraints on Mantle Convection from Seismic Tomography and Flow Modeling written by Hrafnkell Kárason and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis I combine high resolution seismic tomography and realistic flow modeling to constrain mantle convection. The bulk of the data used in the tomographic imaging are millions of P, pP and pwP travel time residuals, read from high frequency seismic records. The distribution of earthquakes and stations results in uneven data coverage and to improve the model I use core phases (PKP, Pdiff) for the deep mantle and surface reflected phases (PP) for the shallow mantle. Since narrow rays are not adequate for low frequency measurements, I construct broad 3-D sensitivity kernels to relate some of the added data to earth's structure. Furthermore, the parameterization of the tomographic model is adapted to data density and the model shows, among other details, the varying style of subduction in the shallow mantle and complex flow patterns around the transition zone between the upper and lower mantle. I develop a novel and efficient method of modeling buoyancy driven mantle flow in spherical geometry. Here, the linear Stokes equation is solved using a Green's function approach and 3-D surfaces, representing the boundaries of dense material, such as subducting slabs, are tracked through time.
Book Synopsis Mantle Convection by : W. R. Peltier
Download or read book Mantle Convection written by W. R. Peltier and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A text which details the most important advance in earth sciences since the emergence of plate tectonics in the 1960s. Armed with the new techniques of seismic tomography, nine leading scientists in geophysical research present an experimental and theoretical description of the dynamics of the Earth's mantle. What emerges is a coherent modern theory of mantle convection leading to a greater understanding of both surface motions and large-scale structure of the Earth's interior.
Book Synopsis Seismology and Structure of the Earth by : Barbara Romanowicz
Download or read book Seismology and Structure of the Earth written by Barbara Romanowicz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-04-20 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatise on Geophysics: Seismology and Structure of the Earth, Volume 1, provides a comprehensive review of the state of knowledge on the Earths structure and earthquakes. It addresses various aspects of structural seismology and its applications to other fields of Earth sciences. The book is organized into four parts. The first part principally covers theoretical developments and seismic data analysis techniques from the end of the nineteenth century until the present, with the main emphasis on the development of instrumentation and its deployment. The second part reviews the status of knowledge on the structure of the Earths shallow layers, starting with a global review of the Earth's crustal structure. The third part focuses on the Earth's deep structure, divided into its main units: the upper mantle, the transition zone and upper-mantle discontinuities, the D region at the base of the mantle, and the Earth's core. The fourth part comprises two chapters which discuss constraints on Earth structure from fields other than seismology: mineral physics and geodynamics. - Self-contained volume starts with an overview of the subject then explores each topic with in depth detail - Extensive reference lists and cross references with other volumes to facilitate further research - Full-color figures and tables support the text and aid in understanding - Content suited for both the expert and non-expert
Book Synopsis Multiscale Seismic Tomography by : Dapeng Zhao
Download or read book Multiscale Seismic Tomography written by Dapeng Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book on multiscale seismic tomography, written by one of the leaders in the field, is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and professionals in Earth and planetary sciences who need to broaden their horizons about seismotectonics, volcanism, and interior structure and dynamics of the Earth and Moon. It describes the state-of-the-art in seismic tomography, with emphasis on the new findings obtained by applying tomographic methods in local, regional, and global scales for understanding the generating mechanism of large and great earthquakes such as the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake (Mw 9.0), crustal and upper mantle structure, origin of active arc volcanoes and intraplate volcanoes including hotspots, heterogeneous structure of subduction zones, fate of subducting slabs, origin of mantle plumes, mantle convection, and deep Earth dynamics. The first lunar tomography and its implications for the mechanism of deep moonquakes and lunar evolution are also introduced.
Book Synopsis The Core-Mantle Boundary Region by : Michael Gurnis
Download or read book The Core-Mantle Boundary Region written by Michael Gurnis and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1998-02-04 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two giant heat engines responsible for plate tectonics and the geodynamo dynamically interact at the core-mantle boundary of the Earth's interior. A multidisciplinary approach is required to determine the composition, structure, and dynamics of the interface. This volume describes original and fundamental research in seismology, geodynamics, mineral physics, and geomagnetism.
Book Synopsis Mantle Circulation Models by : Peter Webb
Download or read book Mantle Circulation Models written by Peter Webb and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mantle circulation models are a modified class of mantle convection simulations assimilating recent plate motions as the surface velocity boundary condition. In this thesis, I present a suite of mantle circulation models assimilating the past 300 million years of tectonic history. By comparing model predictions of present day mantle temperature anomalies to mantle structure imaged by seismic tomography one can better understand the physical properties of Earth's mantle. Given a mantle model with realistic physical properties, plate reconstructions can also be tested. Mantle viscosity is the most significant property affecting mantle circulation models. For subducted slabs to sink to depths predicted by tomography studies a lower mantle viscosity increase of around thirty times is required. For models with a factor of ten increase slabs do not remain at mid-mantle depths for long enough, while a factor of one hundred increase causes slab sinking rates too slow to match imaged tomographic anomalies. An endothermic phase changes could potentially layer mantle convection into two independent layers. In models assimilating plate motions, no model containing an endothermic phase change reaches a fully layered state, even with unrealistically large, negative Clapeyron slopes. The onset of plate tectonics could potentially break down a two-layered mantle into a partially layered state, similar to the present day mantle. Predictions of mantle heterogeneity from high-resolution, global mantle circulation models match well with complex mantle structure imaged by seismic tomography in the Tethys region. These models indicate that a more complicated history of subduction during the closure of the Neotethys Ocean is required to match the imaged mantle structure. Subduction is required in two locations, one at the Eurasian margin and a second behind a back-arc ocean opening in the Neotethys Ocean. Simultaneous subduction at both plate boundaries appears not to be necessary. Global mantle circulation models estimate long-wavelength dynamic topography with amplitudes of up to five kilometres. The largest amplitude signal of dynamic topography is at plate boundaries, suggesting that near surface density variations in the mantle contribute significantly to the dynamic topography signal. The five-kilometre amplitude of topography is larger than predicted elsewhere and is explained by the inclusion of near surface density variations, commonly ignored by other global calculations of dynamic topography. If dynamic topography is defined as 'any topography arising from flow within Earth's mantle' then near surface density variations are significant to the dynamic signal. Predictions of dynamic topography from mantle circulation models reveal a dichotomy between continental and oceanic regions. Oceanic crust is a part of the mantle convection system and so predicted topography for ocean regions matches well with the expected depth versus age curve for oceanic crust. Continental regions are significantly subsided relative to oceans in the dynamic signal, suggesting that isostatic effects mask continental dynamic topography. When predictions of dynamic topography are corrected for isostatic effects and crustal thickness, an accurate estimate of Earth's observed topography is generated. This work contributes to an on going debate on the nature of dynamic topography on global and regional scales.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics by : D.E. James
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics written by D.E. James and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1989-11-30 with total page 1299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consisting of more than 150 articles written by leading experts, this authoritative reference encompasses the entire field of solid-earth geophysics. It describes in detail the state of current knowledge, including advanced instrumentation and techniques, and focuses on important areas of exploration geophysics. It also offers clear and complete coverage of seismology, geodesy, gravimetry, magnetotellurics and related areas in the adjacent disciplines of physics, geology, oceanography and space science.
Book Synopsis Seismic Tomography and Mantle Circulation by : Royal Society (Great Britain). Discussion Meeting
Download or read book Seismic Tomography and Mantle Circulation written by Royal Society (Great Britain). Discussion Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Travel-time Tomography for Detailed Global Mantle Structure by : Harmen Bijwaard
Download or read book Seismic Travel-time Tomography for Detailed Global Mantle Structure written by Harmen Bijwaard and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Modelling of Earth Structure by : E. Boschi
Download or read book Seismic Modelling of Earth Structure written by E. Boschi and published by Compositori. This book was released on 1996 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Superplumes: Beyond Plate Tectonics by : David A. Yuen
Download or read book Superplumes: Beyond Plate Tectonics written by David A. Yuen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-29 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This abundantly illustrated book provides a concise overview of our understanding of the entire mantle, its evolution since early differentiation and the consequences of superplumes for earth surface processes. The book’s balanced authorship has produced a state-of-the-science report on the emerging concept of superplumes. This presents a new concept to explain catastrophic events on Earth through geologic time.
Book Synopsis Numerical Modelling of Time-dependent Thermal Convection in Earth's Mantle Constrained by Seismic Tomography and Geodynamic Data by : Aude Espesset
Download or read book Numerical Modelling of Time-dependent Thermal Convection in Earth's Mantle Constrained by Seismic Tomography and Geodynamic Data written by Aude Espesset and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Earth's Heterogeneous Mantle by : Amir Khan
Download or read book The Earth's Heterogeneous Mantle written by Amir Khan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights and discusses recent developments that have contributed to an improved understanding of observed mantle heterogeneities and their relation to the thermo-chemical state of Earth's mantle, which ultimately holds the key to unlocking the secrets of the evolution of our planet. This series of topical reviews and original contributions address 4 themes. Theme 1 covers topics in geophysics, including global and regional seismic tomography, electrical conductivity and seismic imaging of mantle discontinuities and heterogeneities in the upper mantle, transition zone and lower mantle. Theme 2 addresses geochemical views of the mantle including lithospheric evolution from analysis of mantle xenoliths, composition of the deep Earth and the effect of water on subduction-zone processes. Theme 3 discusses geodynamical perspectives on the global thermo-chemical structure of the deep mantle. Theme 4 covers application of mineral physics data and phase equilibrium computations to infer the regional-scale thermo-chemical structure of the mantle.
