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Seismic Risk Assessment Of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings Using Fuzzy Based Techniques For The Regional Seismic Risk Assessment Of Ottawa Ontario
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Book Synopsis Seismic Risk Assessment of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings Using Fuzzy Based Techniques for the Regional Seismic Risk Assessment of Ottawa, Ontario by : Amid El Sabbagh
Download or read book Seismic Risk Assessment of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings Using Fuzzy Based Techniques for the Regional Seismic Risk Assessment of Ottawa, Ontario written by Amid El Sabbagh and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unreinforced masonry construction is considered to be the most vulnerable forms of construction as demonstrated through recent earthquakes. In Canada, many densely populated cities such as (Vancouver, Montreal and Ottawa) have large inventories of seismically vulnerable masonry structures. Although measures have been taken to rehabilitate and increase the seismic resistance of important and historic structures, many existing unreinforced masonry structures have not been retrofitted and remain at risk in the event of a large magnitude earthquake. There is therefore a need to identify buildings at risk and develop tools for assessing the seismic vulnerability of existing unreinforced masonry structures in Canada. This thesis presents results from an ongoing research program which forms part of a multi-disciplinary effort between the University of Ottawa's Hazard Mitigation and Disaster Management Research Centre and the Geological Survey of Canada (NRCAN) to assess the seismic vulnerability of buildings in dense urban areas such as Ottawa, Ontario. A risk-based seismic assessment tool (CanRisk) has been developed to assess the seismic vulnerability of existing unreinforced masonry and reinforced concrete structures. The seismic risk assessment tool exploits the use of fuzzy logic, a soft computing technique, to capture the vagueness and uncertainty within the evaluation of the performance of a given building. In order to conduct seismic risk assessments, a general building inventory and its spatial distribution and variability is required for earthquake loss estimations. The Urban Rapid Assessment Tool (Urban RAT) is designed for the rapid collection of building data in urban centres. This Geographic Information System (GIS) based assessment tool allows for intense data collection and revolutionizes the traditional sidewalk survey approach for collecting building data. The application of CanRisk and the Urban RAT tool to the City of Ottawa is discussed in the following thesis. Data collection of over 13,000 buildings has been obtained including the seismic risk assessment of 1,465 unreinforced masonry buildings. A case study of selected URM buildings located in the City of Ottawa was conducted using CanRisk. Data obtained from the 2011 Christchurch Earthquake in New Zealand was utilized for verification of the tool.
Book Synopsis Seismic Risk Assessment of Wood Frame Construction Using Fuzzy Based Techniques by : Sajjad Ghorbani Komsari
Download or read book Seismic Risk Assessment of Wood Frame Construction Using Fuzzy Based Techniques written by Sajjad Ghorbani Komsari and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood-framed buildings have generally performed well during earthquake events, resulting in low fatality levels. However, various degrees of damage is still observed in these buildings during previous earthquakes. Lessons learned from the performance of wood frame construction in these earthquakes is led to an improvement in the design codes and construction practices over the past decades. But, the existing buildings are still vulnerable, since they were designed based on the older codes or constructed using old construction practices. Wood frame construction is the most common construction type in Canada, especially for single family dwellings. Most of these buildings are old, built prior to any modern seismic requirement, and have not been retrofitted against the damaging effects of earthquakes. Therefore, with a number of Canadians living in areas of high or moderate earthquake risk, there is a need to develop tools to assess the seismic vulnerability of the exiting wood-framed buildings in Canada. In the following thesis, a risk-based visual seismic assessment model and a screening tool (CanRisk) is developed, to assess the seismic vulnerability of existing wood frame construction in Canada. The model is dependent on the seismic hazard, building vulnerability, and building importance/exposure, which are integrated using hierarchical fuzzy rule based modeling. In the proposed seismic assessment model, fuzzy logic is used as a computing technique to capture the vagueness and uncertainty of a seismic vulnerability assessment, caused by subjectivity involved in the evaluation process. The hierarchical fuzzy rule based modeling used in this seismic assessment method is implemented in a prototype Matlab based program (CanRisk), which incorporates the Canadian seismic design practice based on the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) and the Canadian site seismic hazard. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to test and verify the seismic assessment model and investigate the effects of various parameters on the outcome of the assessment. Also, in a case study, selected wood-framed buildings located in the city of Ottawa are evaluated using CanRisk, to demonstrate the applicability of the program.
Book Synopsis Seismic Risk Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Buildings Using Fuzzy Based Techniques by : Solomon Tesfamariam
Download or read book Seismic Risk Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Buildings Using Fuzzy Based Techniques written by Solomon Tesfamariam and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Assessment of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings In Canada by : Gilbert Bélec
Download or read book Seismic Assessment of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings In Canada written by Gilbert Bélec and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Risk Assessment of Unreinforced Brick Masonry Buildings by : Mohammad Javed
Download or read book Seismic Risk Assessment of Unreinforced Brick Masonry Buildings written by Mohammad Javed and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-09 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the seismic vulnerability assessment of unreinforced brick masonry (URBM) buildings. A method for seismic vulnerability assessment, based on the experimental results of series of URBM walls, is developed. The method produced satisfactory results when compared with the results of full-scale URBM buildings tested at various laboratories. The proposed method, although developed for URBM buildings, can also be applied to other types of masonry if the properties required to quantify the seismic performance are experimentally determined. The proposed method is used to assess the seismic risk of URBM building stock of Northern Pakistan as a case study. Fragility curves for buildings stock are drawn to determine the probabilities of occurrence of various performance levels at various levels of ground shaking. It is found that the probability of occurrence of damages corresponding to various performance levels of single- and double- story buildings do not differ significantly. It is also concluded that unreinforced brick masonry, if properly constructed, can be safely used in localities placed in seismic zone 2b as recommended by uniform Building code (UBC-97) and below
Book Synopsis Seismic Risk Assessment of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings at a Territorial Scale by : Jorge Muñoz Barrantes
Download or read book Seismic Risk Assessment of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings at a Territorial Scale written by Jorge Muñoz Barrantes and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Analysis of Multi-Story Unreinforced Masonry Buildings with Flexible Diaphragms by : Juan Aleman Hernandez
Download or read book Seismic Analysis of Multi-Story Unreinforced Masonry Buildings with Flexible Diaphragms written by Juan Aleman Hernandez and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies regarding the regional seismicity of New York City (NYC) indicate that earthquakes of magnitude greater than or equal to 5 have a 20-40% probability of occurring in a 50 year period. Considering that more than 50% of the large population of the region (19.1 million) is living in an area where 80% of the buildings are of old Unreinforced Masonry (URM) construction, it is likely that even a moderate earthquake could have critical consequences on public safety and the economy of this area. The main goal of this study was to develop simulation capabilities supported by experimental testing to evaluate the seismic performance of typical unreinforced masonry buildings with flexible diaphragms located in NYC. Simplified nonlinear macro-models of wood diaphragms, masonry walls and floor-to-wall connections were developed and validated individually using data from past experiments. The models are implemented in both commercial and research software to demonstrate their practical use. In particular, a new approach for modeling flexible diaphragms is proposed that is shown to provide similar accuracy to detailed finite element models at a fraction of the computation cost. The models developed were also validated as at the system level, through shake table testing of two full-scale specimens conducted as part of this study. The specimens were designed and constructed to represent the expected loading conditions of a central portion of a one-story URM building and constructed of materials representative of older masonry construction. The tests provide a unique data set that captures the interaction between flexible floors, out-of-plane walls and their connections at, full scale.The validated macro-models can be used for performance-based seismic assessment of unreinforced masonry building in NYC and elsewhere. To demonstrate their use, preliminary studies were conducted to develop out-of-plane URM fragility curves, a building-specific collapse fragility function, and estimate the seismic response of the building when subjected to a ground shaking intensity similar to the 2011 Virginia Earthquake. The probabilistic framework and new performance definitions provided by the FEMA P58 project were used to conduct a performance-based seismic assessment for an archetype unreinforced masonry building in New York City with an emphasis on out-of-plane behavior. This preliminary study served to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed models for applications in performance-based design.
Download or read book Section 10 written by Jitendra Bothara and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Probabilistic Regional Seismic Risk Assessment for Rational Decision Making by : Pablo Camilo Heresi Venegas
Download or read book Probabilistic Regional Seismic Risk Assessment for Rational Decision Making written by Pablo Camilo Heresi Venegas and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquakes in the last 100 years have resulted in $3 trillion U.S. dollars in economic losses worldwide. Even moderate-magnitude events, such as the Mw6.7 1994 Northridge earthquake and the Mw6.9 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, have caused widespread damage, significant economic losses, and tens of thousands of families displaced from their homes. In the last two decades, the performance-based earthquake engineering framework developed by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, also referred to as the PEER PBEE framework, has gained much attention from researchers and practitioners not only in the U.S. but also in most seismic-prone countries. This framework was focused on individual structures under seismic hazards. However, large earthquakes occurring close to large urban regions may strike and affect thousands or even millions of structures simultaneously, leading to large numbers of casualties and significant disruptions to the normal functionality of communities. Hence, the concept of "performance" in PBEE needs to be expanded from an individual to a regional scale, with broader definitions of stakeholders and performance metrics in order to evaluate the seismic risk of groups of structures that are spatially distributed within a region, referred to as regional seismic risk. The main goal of this dissertation is to propose improved regional seismic risk methodologies within a probabilistic framework that explicitly quantifies, incorporates, and propagates uncertainties at the different stages of the analysis, in order to provide improved information for decision makers. The main contributions of this dissertation are: • A mathematical formalization of a regional performance-based earthquake engineering (RPBEE) framework for seismic risk assessment of groups of structures and infrastructure spatially distributed within a region. • An improved model for the spatial correlation of ground motion intensity measures, which is based on 39 well-recorded earthquakes and is the first model that explicitly incorporates the event-to-event variability. • Recommendations of ground motion intensity measures to characterize the seismic hazard for regional seismic risk assessment of wood-frame single-family houses. • An investigation on the relative seismic performance of one- and two-story houses, leading to recommendations for future building classification systems for regional seismic risk assessment, where one- and two-story houses are separated into different classes with different seismic vulnerabilities. • Novel fragility curves for estimating the probability of damage to chimneys and severe damage to structural shear walls in wood-frame single-family houses which are particularly useful for improving current approaches to estimate the number of yellow- and red-tagged wood-frame single-family houses. • A model for explicitly incorporating the correlation between the damage in different structures conditioned on their ground motion intensities for regional seismic risk asessment, along with an investigation on the effect of this correlation on regional seismic risk metrics. • A probabilistic framework for evaluating and comparing alternative public policies for enhancing the seismic performance of structures in terms of regional seismic risk mitigation. • Evaluation of the inherent regional risk of collapse implicit with the probability of collapse of individual buildings that is currently specified as acceptable in U.S. seismic design provisions. • A simplified seismic design approach that explicitly considers the regional seismic risk in the seismic design criteria of structures, referred to as "regional-risk-targeted seismic design.".
Book Synopsis A Methodology to Assess Seismic Risk for Populations of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings by : Ömer Onur Erbay
Download or read book A Methodology to Assess Seismic Risk for Populations of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings written by Ömer Onur Erbay and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Assessment and Retrofit of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings Using Fibre Reinforced Polymer Materials by : Hamid Mahmood
Download or read book Seismic Assessment and Retrofit of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings Using Fibre Reinforced Polymer Materials written by Hamid Mahmood and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research in this thesis was conducted with the primary aims of seismically assessing the current stock of Pakistan unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings and investigating seismic retrofit of New Zealand URM buildings using fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials. Seismic assessment of Pakistan URM buildings was conducted by adopting three international rapid evaluation methods for Pakistan conditions. Assessment case studies of major cities of Pakistan were performed and it was concluded that the New Zealand method is applicable with certain modifications to Pakistan URM buildings. The focus of the second part of this research was on seismic retrofit of in-plane loaded walls, that are likely to fail in a shear mode, as such failures are commonly observed in earthquakes. FRP materials have become popular in recent years, but limited test data, and design guidelines exist for their use on URM walls. The experimental part of this included seventeen monotonic diagonal compression tests, six reverse cyclic diagonal compression tests, and six horizontal shear tests on unretrofitted and FRP-retrofitted walls. The research showed that FRP is highly effective in increasing shear strength, pseudo-ductility and toughness, which are important parameters in seismic design. Horizontal shear tests on flanged walls, with realistic boundary conditions, confirmed the effectiveness of FRP for enhancement of shear strength of URM. Simple finite element (FE) models were presented in this research using a commercial FE software. The models were effective in simulating the behaviour and shear stress of wallettes retrofitted with full surface fabrics and strips that were oriented along the wallette diagonals. A guide for the design of in-plane loaded walls that are retrofitted with externally bonded FRP materials was presented. Design expressions were developed from the basic principle and were correlated to the experimental results. Design examples were also included.
Book Synopsis Regional Seismic Risk Analysis for Multi-story Structures by : Jennafer A. Klaes
Download or read book Regional Seismic Risk Analysis for Multi-story Structures written by Jennafer A. Klaes and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Simulation-based Fragility Relationships for Unreinforced Masonry Buildings by : Thomas M. Frankie
Download or read book Simulation-based Fragility Relationships for Unreinforced Masonry Buildings written by Thomas M. Frankie and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unreinforced masonry (URM) structures represent a significant portion of the residential building stock of the Central and Eastern United States (CEUSA), accounting for 15% of homes in the 8-state region impacted by the New-Madrid Seismic Zone and an even greater portion of the building stock in most other regions of the world. In addition to significant population, the brittle nature of URM buildings further supports a thorough consideration of seismic response given the susceptibility to severe failure modes. Currently, there is a pressing need for analytically based fragility curves for URM buildings. In order to improve the estimation of damage state probabilities through the development of simulation-based masonry fragilities, an extensive literature survey is conducted on pushover analysis of URM structures. Using this data, capacity diagrams are generated, from which damage exceedance limit states are defined. Demand is simulated using synthetically derived accelerograms representative of the CEUSA. Structural response is evaluated using an advanced capacity spectrum method developed at the Mid-America Earthquake Center. Capacity, demand, and response are thus derived analytically and response data is used to generate an improved and uniform set of fragility curves for use in loss-assessment software via a framework amenable to rapid expansion of pushover database and variation of ground motion records. A set of best practices is hereby developed for selection and use of experimental and analytical data, input ground motions, analysis of structural capacity, limit state definitions, seismic design categories, and probabilistic analysis methods. Curves are expressed in multiple forms for wide range of use in loss-assessment applications. Results are discussed and compared with other relationships developed in the literature, along with those generated using HAZUS opinion-based capacity data. The parameters of the improved fragility relationships developed and presented in this thesis are provided and suggested for reliable use in seismic loss assessment software.
Book Synopsis Handbook for the Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings by : Building Seismic Safety Council (U.S.)
Download or read book Handbook for the Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings written by Building Seismic Safety Council (U.S.) and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1992 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides engineers involved with the seismic evaluation of existing buildings with guidance concerning the potential earthquake related risk to human life posed by a building or building component.
Book Synopsis Seismic Performance Assessment of Buildings by : Applied Technology Council
Download or read book Seismic Performance Assessment of Buildings written by Applied Technology Council and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Use of Pattern Recognition and Fuzzy Sets in Seismic Risk Analysis by : Auguste C. Boissonnade
Download or read book Use of Pattern Recognition and Fuzzy Sets in Seismic Risk Analysis written by Auguste C. Boissonnade and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Vulnerability Assessment and Retrofitting Strategies for Masonry Infilled Frame Building by : Andre Filipe Furtado
Download or read book Seismic Vulnerability Assessment and Retrofitting Strategies for Masonry Infilled Frame Building written by Andre Filipe Furtado and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-04 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on a comprehensive experimental characterization of the material, mechanical and dynamic properties of masonry infill walls. It analyses the critical parameters affecting their out-of-plane seismic behavior, including the effects of the panel support conditions, gravity load, and previous damage. Further, it offers an extensive review of infill masonry strengthening strategies and reports on the experimental assessment of various textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) strengthening solutions. It also presents the development, implementation and calibration of a numerical model to simulate the infill panels’ seismic behavior, with the corresponding findings of various tests to assess the seismic vulnerability of an infilled RC structure. All in all, this outstanding PhD thesis offers a comprehensive review of masonry infill walls, and a timely overview of numerical and experimental methods for testing and preventing the out-of-plane seismic collapse of RC buildings.
