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The Informal Sector and the Environment

Author : Ranjula Bali Swain
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000655369
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis The Informal Sector and the Environment by : Ranjula Bali Swain

Download or read book The Informal Sector and the Environment written by Ranjula Bali Swain and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-08-12 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The informal economy – broadly defined as economic activity that is not subject to government regulation or taxation – sustains a large part of the world's workforce. It is a diverse, complex and growing area of activity. However, being largely unregulated, its impact on the environment has not been closely scrutinised or analysed. This edited volume demonstrates that the informal sector is a major source of environmental pollution and a major reason behind the environmental degradation accompanying the expansion of economic activity in developing countries. Environmental regulation and economic incentive policies are difficult to implement in this sector because economic units are unregistered, geographically dispersed and difficult to identify. Moreover, given their limited capital base, they cannot afford to pay pollution fees or install pollution abating equipment. Informal manufacturing units often operate under unscientific and unhealthy conditions, further contributing to polluting the environment. The book emphasizes and examines these challenges, and their solutions, encountered in various sectors of the informal economy, including urban waste pickers, small-scale farmers, informal workers, home-based workers, street vendors, and more. If the informal sector is to "Leave no one behind" (as the Sustainable Development Goals promise) and contribute to "inclusive growth" (an objective of the green economy), then its impact on the economy as well as the environment has to be carefully considered. This book marks a significant contribution to the literature on both the informal economy and sustainable development, and will be of great interest to readers in economics, geography, politics, environment studies and public policy more broadly. Chapter 4 of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license

The Long Shadow of Informality

Author : Franziska Ohnsorge
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464817545
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis The Long Shadow of Informality by : Franziska Ohnsorge

Download or read book The Long Shadow of Informality written by Franziska Ohnsorge and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2022-02-09 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large percentage of workers and firms operate in the informal economy, outside the line of sight of governments in emerging market and developing economies. This may hold back the recovery in these economies from the deep recessions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic--unless governments adopt a broad set of policies to address the challenges of widespread informality. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the extent of informality and its implications for a durable economic recovery and for long-term development. It finds that pervasive informality is associated with significantly weaker economic outcomes--including lower government resources to combat recessions, lower per capita incomes, greater poverty, less financial development, and weaker investment and productivity.

Revisiting the Informal Sector

Author : Sarbajit Chaudhuri
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441911944
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Revisiting the Informal Sector by : Sarbajit Chaudhuri

Download or read book Revisiting the Informal Sector written by Sarbajit Chaudhuri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-15 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides insight into the diverse aspects of the informal sector, its role in the context of unemployment, child labor, globalization and environment, as well as its multi-faceted interaction with the other sectors of the economy.

FORMAL AND INFORMAL SECTOR: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND GOVERNMENT MEASURES IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Author : Dr. Chinmoy Sarkar
Publisher : Namya Press
ISBN 13 : 9355457391
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (554 download)

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Book Synopsis FORMAL AND INFORMAL SECTOR: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND GOVERNMENT MEASURES IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT by : Dr. Chinmoy Sarkar

Download or read book FORMAL AND INFORMAL SECTOR: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND GOVERNMENT MEASURES IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT written by Dr. Chinmoy Sarkar and published by Namya Press. This book was released on 2024-02-15 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Formal and Informal Sector in India -Causes, Consequences and Policy framework in socio-economic development” is an endeavor of the Research Wing of Siliguri College of Commerce, Siliguri to get an insight about the emerging issues faced by the formal and informal sector in India. As a developing economy, India has grown in GDP terms since 2005 and is one of the fastest growing economies in the world as of now, overtaking the GDP of Great Britain in 2022. Apart from her satisfactory growth in terms of formal planning, the size and magnitude of India’s informal sector is something which is a concern for both researchers and planners. Large informal clusters in metro cities of Argentina, Brazil and Mexico as well as in emerging metros like Surat, Siliguri, Bhopal and Vijaywada may thwart any comprehensive planning premises of a welfare state. There are issues of livelihoods and educational attainments if the informal base is large and operate beyond the spectrum of Government initiatives. The vulnerabilities of the migrant workers, the livelihoods of small traders and the literacy attainments of the school going children enrolled in low cost public schools were severely impacted when India was closed down for almost 187 days in 2020-2022 during the COVID crisis. The presence of informal workers in agricultural sector, small scale industries, MSMEs and informal employment is anything close to 235 million in India. There has been sincere efforts by our Governments to uplift the rural poor and the marginalized urban clusters by means of self-employment schemes and tax incentives, but such efforts do not reach the informal economy. Therefore the main focus lies in integrating these clusters with the formal economy. This is undoubtedly a formidable task. Further there is a need for a national floor to protect the wages of the clusters operating in the informal sector- in terms of minimum wage, health and safety measures as well as literacy attainments. On the other side, schooling, literacy attainments and livelihoods were severely affected during the lockdown. These are the issues which are raised in this publication.

Informal Sector Innovations

Author : Mammo Muchie
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131737200X
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Informal Sector Innovations by : Mammo Muchie

Download or read book Informal Sector Innovations written by Mammo Muchie and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-02 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well documented that the space of informal economic activity is rising across the globe. This rise has been particularly significant in the least developed and developing countries, especially after the onset of neo-liberal policies and withdrawal of welfare state. There has also been a shift in academic thinking on informal sector, with attempts being made to understand the contribution of informal sector in generating employment and economic growth rather than focusing solely on exploitative labour conditions in these economic activities. Indeed, with the retreat of welfare state and the introduction of contract labour in the formal sector, many issues related to occupational hazards and improper labour conditions do not remain unique to the informal sectors of the economy, particularly in less developed countries. This volume addresses a specific concern: the issue of knowledge generation and innovative activities, which lies at the core of sustained competitive advantage of these activities. The chapters in this book were originally published in the African Journal of Science Technology Innovation and Development.

The Urban Informal Sector

Author : Ray Bromley
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 148316148X
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)

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Book Synopsis The Urban Informal Sector by : Ray Bromley

Download or read book The Urban Informal Sector written by Ray Bromley and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Urban Informal Sector is a collection of papers presented at a multi-disciplinary conference on ""The urban informal sector in the Third World,"" organized by the Developing Areas Study Group of the Institute of British Geographers in London on March 19, 1977. Contributors offer critical perspectives on the urban informal sector, with emphasis on employment and housing policies. Topics covered range from general reviews and national case studies to detailed studies of particular occupations in individual cities. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins by reviewing the relevance of dualist models of economic activities and enterprises, as applied to Third World countries, concentrating on the origins, diffusion, and deficiencies of the formal/informal dualist classification. Subsequent chapters explore the informal sector debate in studies of Third World poverty and employment; the nature of informal-formal sector relationships; the structure of the labor markets in the ""organized"" and ""unorganized"" sectors of urban economies in South India; and the problem of urban poverty, its relation to employment, and rising spatial inequalities in Brazil. Capitalist and petty commodity production in Nigeria is also discussed, along with John Turner's views on housing policy. The final chapter looks at the competition between the informal and formal sectors in the retail industry in Santiago, Chile. This monograph will be of interest to social and economic policymakers.

The Global Informal Workforce

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513575910
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis The Global Informal Workforce by : International Monetary Fund

Download or read book The Global Informal Workforce written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-07-23 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Informal Workforce is a fresh look at the informal economy around the world and its impact on the macroeconomy. The book covers interactions between the informal economy, labor and product markets, gender equality, fiscal institutions and outcomes, social protection, and financial inclusion. Informality is a widespread and persistent phenomenon that affects how fast economies can grow, develop, and provide decent economic opportunities for their populations. The COVID-19 pandemic has helped to uncover the vulnerabilities of the informal workforce.

The Informal Economy

Author : Ceyhun Elgin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000163814
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Informal Economy by : Ceyhun Elgin

Download or read book The Informal Economy written by Ceyhun Elgin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-07-30 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Informal Economy: Measures, Causes, and Consequences provides a comprehensive account of the economics of informality through the lenses of various economic perspectives. Although informal economic activity is widespread all around the world, many issues around its nature and consequences remain largely under-explored or unresolved. Most importantly, the evidence presented in the existing literature on informality has failed to generate a consensus on the measurements, causes, and effects of the informal sector among researchers. Most, if not all, of the empirical results are inconclusive or dependent on the nature of the dataset used in the analysis. This book aims to address that gap by exploring different definitions and measures of the informal economy, including different perspectives, then subjecting these measures to a battery of empirical tests to examine the determinants and effects of informality. Through this analysis and an extensive review of the literature, the book explores many of the economic, political, and social factors of the informal economy including the relationship between informality and the tax burden, tax enforcement, and institutional quality. This key text makes for compulsive reading to scholars and students interested in the informal or shadow economy.

NGOs AND THE INFORMAL SECTOR IN AFRICA

Author : Aboudou Touré Cheaka
Publisher : IIED
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis NGOs AND THE INFORMAL SECTOR IN AFRICA by : Aboudou Touré Cheaka

Download or read book NGOs AND THE INFORMAL SECTOR IN AFRICA written by Aboudou Touré Cheaka and published by IIED. This book was released on with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Contrapunto

Author : Cathy A. Rakowski
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780791419069
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Contrapunto by : Cathy A. Rakowski

Download or read book Contrapunto written by Cathy A. Rakowski and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1994-07-01 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The informal sector denotes the small-scale, unprotected, and loosely regulated activities and self-employment that proliferate in developing countries. This book is about the people who engage in informal activities and the people who study, interpret, intervene in, promote, or attempt to repress or regulate the sector. The authors bring together and evaluate for the first time competing theories, policies, and research findings on the informal sector, dealing with issues of power, ideology, and politics; basic research, applied research, program evaluation, and policymaking; exploitation, entrepreneurship, and opportunity; and poverty and the accumulation of wealth.

Liberalization and Economic Performance of the Informal Sector

Author : Indrajit Bairagya
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317631781
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Liberalization and Economic Performance of the Informal Sector by : Indrajit Bairagya

Download or read book Liberalization and Economic Performance of the Informal Sector written by Indrajit Bairagya and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-03 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impact of liberalization on informality has been a subject of intense debate for many years and the major issue that has come up is whether liberalization helps to grow informal sector and informality in the economy or it is an obstruction for informal sector’s growth. Thus, in the light of the recent liberalization measure, this book sets to examine general presumptions of the development of informal sector in the context of the Indian economy. The book begins with a broad framework for analysis of output contribution and growth of the informal sector. Liberalization is measured by openness indices and inter-sectoral linkages. Impact of liberalization on growth contributions of informal sector is captured by openness indices (i.e. degree of openness to trade and principal component scores), technical efficiency (measured by Data Envelope Analysis and estimated by Tobit Censored Regression model) and components of productivity (computed by Malmquist total factor productivity index) of the informal enterprises by inter-sectoral linkages. The linkages are modeled theoretically in a neo-classical growth theory and empirically measured by sub-contracting arrangements between formal and informal enterprises. In addition, the book also provides implications on promotion of informal sector from the viewpoint of employment generation. The description and analyses of the book will help with policy implications and enlighten the readers on the development of informal sector.

Employment in the Informal Sector in India

Author : Ishita Mukhopadhyay
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811508410
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Employment in the Informal Sector in India by : Ishita Mukhopadhyay

Download or read book Employment in the Informal Sector in India written by Ishita Mukhopadhyay and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-31 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the transition, transformation and future of the informal sector, informal work and informal workers in India from the perspectives of development economics as well as those of international organisations. Though the informal sector has a long tradition in India, it has been transformed in the wake of neoliberal economic policy. The sector took on new prominence in the 1980s, and has since grown much stronger and established itself as the country’s dominant sector. Several reports on the informal sector appeared during this period, and the status of the sector in India is positioned in the context of this international scenario. The major debate concerns the definition of this sector. While international labour statisticians had suggested a mechanism of definition and measurement of the sector, Indian official statistics took a different approach. The book analytically elaborates the different definitions and measurement controversies in different countries and contextualises the official Indian position. While deliberating on the size, contribution, productivity, and potential of the informal sector, the heterogeneity and decomposition of the sector with respect to these aspects are also suggested. The book develops a political economic interpretation of the historical transition of the informal sector in India, employing heterodox economics as a theoretical basis, with a critical note on standard neoclassical economic analysis. The final part of the book focuses on understanding the development of capitalism in the country under neoliberalism, as that development is crucial to understanding the informal sector in any country, and particularly in India. In the current context, the volume will be of great relevance to researchers, non-government organizations, policy makers and international organisations working on the topic.

Improving Skills Development in the Informal Sector

Author : Arvil V. Adams
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821399691
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Improving Skills Development in the Informal Sector by : Arvil V. Adams

Download or read book Improving Skills Development in the Informal Sector written by Arvil V. Adams and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book uses household surveys in five countries of Sub-Saharan Africa to describe employment off the farm in the region s growing informal sector and assesses how different forms of education and training, including apprenticeships, influence choices in employment and earnings.

Measuring the Risk on Housing Investment in the Informal Sector

Author : Mudit Kapoor
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Measuring the Risk on Housing Investment in the Informal Sector by : Mudit Kapoor

Download or read book Measuring the Risk on Housing Investment in the Informal Sector written by Mudit Kapoor and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors provide an economic framework to analyze investment in informal housing in developing countries. They consider a simple model of investment in the housing market where investors can choose between two sectors-the formal sector, where physical investment faces no risk of destruction, and the informal sector, where investment in each period is subjected to an exogenous risk of destruction. Construction costs differ between the two sectors. All households are renters. Renters shop for dwelling attributes and do not care about the sector (formal or informal) itself. The model implies that returns on investment, measured by the rent-to-value ration, will be higher in the informal sector. The authors use a survey conducted by the World Bank in Pune, India in 2002. The sample comprises 2,850 households. This survey had the peculiarity of asking the households, regardless of tenure status, questions about the market rent and value of their dwelling. Thus they can calculate individual rates of return for each unit without facing the typical selection bias problems. Comparing the distributions of returns in the informal and formal sectors, the authors obtain the following results: 1) Rates of return are significantly higher in the informal sector, as predicted by the model. 2) These figures imply a perceived risk on housing investment in the informal sector equivalent to an annual destruction rate ranging between 1 and 2 percent. 3) The two distributions of rates of return present highly idiosyncratic components and are not well explained by variables proxying either the strength of informal property rights or lower perceived risks of eviction.

On Defining and Measuring the Informal Sector

Author : Andrew Henley
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis On Defining and Measuring the Informal Sector by : Andrew Henley

Download or read book On Defining and Measuring the Informal Sector written by Andrew Henley and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A range of alternative empirical definitions of informal activity have been employed in the literature. Choice of definition is often dictated by data availability. Different definitions may imply very different conceptual understandings of informality. In this paper the authors investigate the degree of congruence between three definitions of informality based on employment contract registration, social security protection, and the characteristics of the employer and employment using Brazilian household survey data for the period 1992 to 2001. The authors present evidence showing that 64 percent of the economically active population are informal according to at least one definition, but only 40 percent are informal according to all three. Steady compositional changes have been taking place among informal workers, conditional on definition.

The Informal Economy in Developing Countries

Author : Jean-Pierre Cling
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317912225
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (179 download)

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Book Synopsis The Informal Economy in Developing Countries by : Jean-Pierre Cling

Download or read book The Informal Economy in Developing Countries written by Jean-Pierre Cling and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-21 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Informality is ubiquitous in most developing countries. Understanding the informal economy is therefore of utmost importance from a political, economic and social point of view. Paradoxically, despite its economic importance, knowledge is extremely limited regarding the informal economy. It remains largely unrecognized by researchers, is neglected by politicians, and is even negatively perceived as it is meant to disappear with development. This book aims to amend this situation by presenting recent high level research which studies the informal sector and informal employment. Fresh research into this subject is presented through empirical analysis which covers Asia, Africa and Latin America. Each chapter relies on data and a detailed knowledge of the context of the countries studied in order to question the dominant schools of thought on the origins and causes of informality. The results provide interesting insights into the constraints faced by informal workers, the dynamics of the informal economy and its link with poverty issues. On the basis of the evidences provided by results adequate policies could be defined to address informality issues. The principal characteristics of the informal sector testify to some profound similarities between developing countries: low qualifications and the precariousness of jobs, mediocre incomes and working conditions, atomization of production units and lack of articulation with the formal economy, etc. This general statement does not contradict the observation that there is a high level of heterogeneity in the sector and in informal employment within each country, confirmed by several chapters in this work. In the absence of a sufficient number of job creations, the informal sector essentially constitutes a refuge for workers seeking and is here to stay in the short and medium term, even in emerging countries.

Health, Safety and Well-Being of Workers in the Informal Sector in India

Author : Sigamani Panneer
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811384215
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Health, Safety and Well-Being of Workers in the Informal Sector in India by : Sigamani Panneer

Download or read book Health, Safety and Well-Being of Workers in the Informal Sector in India written by Sigamani Panneer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-25 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the core problems of occupational health, safety and well-being of workers in the informal sector in developing countries, where it accounts for most of the rural labour force and a substantial percentage of the urban labour force. The sector is characterised by low incomes, unstable employment and lack of protection in the form of legislation/policies or trade unions. Though some health and problem-solving measures have been introduced, a focused academic effort to address the problems confronting workers in the unorganised sector, or informal economy, is lacking. The book evaluates workers’ physical and mental health in the context of labour migration, social inclusion of minorities and the differently abled, provisions for women workers, demonetisation, occupational safety for hazardous work, and in connection with various areas of informal work, e.g. agriculture, construction, transportation, sanitation, tanning, the tobacco industry, powerloom industry, surrogacy, and self-employment. It provides a well-rounded description of an analytical reflection on the challenges these workers face and focuses on social policy changes to help alleviate them. Accordingly, it offers a valuable asset for researchers and students interested in development studies, the sociology of work, health and labour economics, public health, and social work.