Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Secondary Phase Formation And The Microstructural Evolution Of Surface Layers During Vapor Phase Alteration Of The French Son 68 Nuclear Waste Glass At 200c
Download Secondary Phase Formation And The Microstructural Evolution Of Surface Layers During Vapor Phase Alteration Of The French Son 68 Nuclear Waste Glass At 200c full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Secondary Phase Formation And The Microstructural Evolution Of Surface Layers During Vapor Phase Alteration Of The French Son 68 Nuclear Waste Glass At 200c ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Secondary Phase Formation and the Microstructural Evolution of Surface Layers During Vapor Phase Alteration of the French SON 68 Nuclear Waste Glass at 200[degrees]C. by :
Download or read book Secondary Phase Formation and the Microstructural Evolution of Surface Layers During Vapor Phase Alteration of the French SON 68 Nuclear Waste Glass at 200[degrees]C. written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SON 68 inactive[open-quotes]R7T7[close-quotes] composition is the French reference glass for the LWR nuclear waste glass. Vapor phase alteration was used to accelerate the reaction progress of glass corrosion and to develop the characteristic suite of secondary, alteration phases. Extensive solid-state characterization (AEM/SEM/HRTEM) was completed on six inactive R7T7 waste glasses which were altered in the presence of saturated water vapor (200[degrees]C) for 91, 241, 908, 1000, 1013, and 1021 days. The AEM samples were examined in cross-section (lattice-fringe imaging, micro-diffraction, and quantitative thin-film EDS analysis). The glass monoliths were invariably covered with a thin altered rind. The layer became thicker with time: 0.5[mu]m for 22 days; 4[mu]m for 91 days; 6[mu]m for 241 days; 10[mu]m for 908 days; 26[mu]m for 1013 days; and
Book Synopsis Secondary Phase Formation and the Microstructural Evolution of Surface Layers During Vapor Phase Alteration of the French SON 68 Nuclear Waste Glass at 200°C. by :
Download or read book Secondary Phase Formation and the Microstructural Evolution of Surface Layers During Vapor Phase Alteration of the French SON 68 Nuclear Waste Glass at 200°C. written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SON 68 inactive {open_quotes}R7T7{close_quotes} composition is the French reference glass for the LWR nuclear waste glass. Vapor phase alteration was used to accelerate the reaction progress of glass corrosion and to develop the characteristic suite of secondary, alteration phases. Extensive solid-state characterization (AEM/SEM/HRTEM) was completed on six inactive R7T7 waste glasses which were altered in the presence of saturated water vapor (200°C) for 91, 241, 908, 1000, 1013, and 1021 days. The AEM samples were examined in cross-section (lattice-fringe imaging, micro-diffraction, and quantitative thin-film EDS analysis). The glass monoliths were invariably covered with a thin altered rind. The layer became thicker with time: 0.5 [mu]m for 22 days; 4 [mu]m for 91 days; 6 [mu]m for 241 days; 10 [mu]m for 908 days; 26 [mu]m for 1013 days; and
Book Synopsis Effects of Radiation Exposure on SRL 131 Composition Glass in a Steam Environment by :
Download or read book Effects of Radiation Exposure on SRL 131 Composition Glass in a Steam Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monoliths of SRL 131 borosilicate glass were irradiated in a saturated air-steam environment, at temperatures of 150[degree]C, to examine the effects of radiation on nuclear waste glass behavior. Half of the tests used actinide and Tc-99 doped glass and were exposed to an external ionizing gamma source, while the remaining glass samples were doped only with uranium and were reacted without any external radiation exposure. The effects of radiation exposure on glass alteration and secondary phase formation were determined by comparing the reaction rates and mineral paragenesis of the two sets of samples. All glass samples readily reacted with the water that condensed on their surfaces, producing a smectite clay layer within the first three days of testing. Additional crystalline phases precipitated on the altered glass surface with increasing reaction times, including zeolites, smectite, calcium and sodium silicates, phosphates, evaporitic salts, and uranyl silicates. Similar phases were produced on both the nonirradiated and irradiated samples; however, the quantity of precipitates was increased and the rate of paragenetic sequence development was accelerated in the latter. After 56 days of testing, the smectite layer developed at an average rate of [approximately]0.16 and 0.63 [mu]m/day for the nonirradiated and irradiated samples, respectively. These comparisons indicate that layer development is accelerated approximately four-fold due to the radiation exposure at high glass surface area/liquid volume (SA/V) conditions. This increase apparently occurs in response to the rapid concentration of radiolytic products, including nitric acid, in the thin films of water contacting the sample monoliths.
Book Synopsis A Literature Review of Surface Alteration Layer Effects on Waste Glass Behavior by :
Download or read book A Literature Review of Surface Alteration Layer Effects on Waste Glass Behavior written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When in contact with an aqueous solution, nuclear waste glass is subject to a chemical attack that results in progressive alteration. During tills alteration, constituent elements of the glass pass into the solution; elements initially in solution diffuse into, or are adsorbed onto, the solid; and new phases appear. This results in the formation of surface layers on the reacted glass. The glass corrosion and radionuclide release can be better understood by investigating these surface layer effects. In the past decade, there have been numerous studies regarding the effects of surface layers on glass reactions. This paper presents a systematic analysis and summary of the past knowledge regarding the effects of surface layers on glass-water interaction. This paper describes the major formation mechanisms of surface layers; reviews the role of surface layers in controlling mass transport and glass reaction affinity (through crystalline phases, an amorphous silica, a gel layer, or all the components in the glass); and discusses how the surface layers contribute to the retention of radionuclides during glass dissolution.
Book Synopsis Facsimile of Grant of Arms to Dame Mary Cullum by :
Download or read book Facsimile of Grant of Arms to Dame Mary Cullum written by and published by . This book was released on 18?? with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Reaction of Synthetic Nuclear Waste Glass in Steam and Hydrothermal Solution by :
Download or read book The Reaction of Synthetic Nuclear Waste Glass in Steam and Hydrothermal Solution written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glass monoliths of the WVCM 44, WVCM 50, SRL 165, and SRL 202 compositions were reacted in steam and in hydrothermal liquid at 200°C. The glass reaction resulted in the formation of leached surface layers in both environments. The reaction in steam proceeds at a very low rate until precipitates form, after which the glass reaction proceeds at a greater rate. Precipitates were formed on all glass types reacted in steam. The assemblage of phases formed was unique to each glass type, but several precipitates were common to all glasses, including analcime, gyrolite, and weeksite. Reaction in steam occurs in a thin layer of condensed water which becomes saturated with respect to the observed phases after only a few days of reaction. The reaction in steam is accelerated relative to reaction in hydrothermal liquid in the sense that secondary phases from after a shorter reaction time, that is, after less glass has reacted, because of the smaller effective leachant volume present in the steam environment. A knowledge of the secondary phases which form and their influence on the glass reaction rate is crucial to the modeling effort of the repository program. 9 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.
Book Synopsis The Alteration of the SON68 Reference Waste Glass in Silica Saturated Conditions and in the Presence of Water Vapor by : James Joseph Neeway
Download or read book The Alteration of the SON68 Reference Waste Glass in Silica Saturated Conditions and in the Presence of Water Vapor written by James Joseph Neeway and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vapor Hydration and Subsequent Leaching of Transuranic-containing SRL and WV Glasses by :
Download or read book Vapor Hydration and Subsequent Leaching of Transuranic-containing SRL and WV Glasses written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to contact by liquid water and subsequent leaching, high-level nuclear waste glass subject to disposal in the unsaturated environment at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, will be altered through contact with humid air. Conditions could range from temperatures as high as 200°C to ambient repository temperature after cooling and relative humidities up to 100% depending on the air flow and heat transport dynamics of the waste package and near field environments. However, under any potential set of temperature/humidity conditions, the glass will undergo alteration via well-established vapor phase hydration processes. In the present paper, the results of a set of parametric experiments are described, whereby vapor phase hydrated glasses were subjected to leaching under static conditions. The purpose of the experiments was to (1) compare the leaching of vapor phase altered glass to that of fresh glass, (2) to develop techniques for determining the radionuclide content of secondary phases that formed during the hydration reaction, and (3) to provide a basis for performing long-term saturated and unsaturated testing of vapor hydrated glass. 3 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.
Book Synopsis Phase-field Models for Simulating Physical Vapor Deposition and Microstructure Evolution of Thin Films by : James A. Stewart (Jr)
Download or read book Phase-field Models for Simulating Physical Vapor Deposition and Microstructure Evolution of Thin Films written by James A. Stewart (Jr) and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this research is to develop, implement, and utilize phase-field models to study microstructure evolution in thin films during physical vapor deposition (PVD). There are four main goals to this dissertation. First, a phase-field model is developed to simulate PVD of a single-phase polycrystalline material by coupling previous modeling efforts on deposition of single-phase materials and grain evolution in polycrystalline materials. Second, a phase-field model is developed to simulate PVD of a polymorphic material by coupling previous modeling efforts on PVD of a single-phase material, evolution in multiphase materials, and phase nucleation. Third, a novel free energy functional is proposed that incorporates appropriate energetics and dynamics for simultaneous modeling of PVD and grain evolution in single-phase polycrystalline materials. Finally, these phase-field models are implemented into custom simulation codes and utilized to illustrate these models' capabilities in capturing PVD thin film growth, grain and grain boundary (GB) evolution, phase evolution and nucleation, and temperature evolution. In general, these simulations show: grain coarsening through grain rotation and GB migration such that grains tend to align with the thin film surface features and GBs migrate to locations between these features so that each surface feature has a distinct grain and orientation; the incident vapor flux rate controls the density of the thin film and the formation of surface and subsurface features; the substrate phase distribution initially acts as a template for the growing microstructure until the thin film becomes sufficiently thick; latent heat released during PVD increases the surface temperature of the thin film creating a temperature gradient within the thin film influencing phase evolution and nucleation; and temperature distributions lead to regions within the thin film that allow for multiple phases to be stable and coexist. Further, this work shows the sequential approach for coupling phase-field models, described in goals (i) and (ii) is sufficient to capture first-order features of the growth process, such as the stagnation of GBs at the valleys of the surface roughness, but to capture higher-order features, such as orientation gradients within columnar grains, the single free energy functional approach developed in goal (iii) is necessary.
Book Synopsis Advanced Techniques for Surface Engineering by : W. Gissler
Download or read book Advanced Techniques for Surface Engineering written by W. Gissler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's shortages of resources make the search for wear and corrosion resistant materials one of the most important tasks of the next century. Since the surface of a material is the location where any interaction occurs, it is that there the hardest requirements on the material are imposed: to be wear resistant for tools and bearings; to be corrosion resistant for turbine blades and tubes in the petrochemical industry; to be antireflecting for solar cells; to be decorative for architectural panels and to combine several of these properties in other applications. Surface engineering is the general term that incorporates all the techniques by which a surface modification can be accomplished. These techniques include both coating and modification of the surface by ion implantation and laser beam melting. In recent years a continuously growing number of these techniques were developed to the extent that it became more and more difficult to maintain an overlook and to understand which of these highly differentiated techniques might be applied to resolve a given surface engineering problem. A similar development is also occuring for surface characterization techniques. This volume contains contributions from renowned scientists and engineers to the Eurocourse the aim of which was to inform about the various techniques and to give a comprehensive survey of the latest development on this subject.
Book Synopsis Natural Microporous Materials in Environmental Technology by : P. Misaelides
Download or read book Natural Microporous Materials in Environmental Technology written by P. Misaelides and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Application of Natural Microporous Materials for Environmental Technology, Smolenice Castle, Slovakia, 26-30 October 1998
Book Synopsis Methods of Seawater Analysis by : Klaus Grasshoff
Download or read book Methods of Seawater Analysis written by Klaus Grasshoff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-07-30 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the book first appeared in 1976, Methods of Seawater Analysis has found widespread acceptance as a reliable and detailed source of information. Its second extended and revised edition published in 1983 reflected the rapid pace of instrumental and methodological evolution in the preceding years. The development has lost nothing of its momentum, and many methods and procedures still suffering their teething troubles then have now matured into dependable tools for the analyst. This is especially evident for trace and ultra-trace analyses of organic and inorganic seawater constituents which have diversified considerably and now require more space for their description than before. Methods to determine volatile halocarbons, dimethyl sulphide, photosynthetic pigments and natural radioactive tracers have been added as well as applications of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and various electrochemical methods for trace metal analysis. Another method not previously described deals with the determination of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide as part of standardised procedures to describe the marine CO2 system.
Author :Frederick T. Wallenberger Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :1441987223 Total Pages :352 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (419 download)
Book Synopsis Advanced Inorganic Fibers by : Frederick T. Wallenberger
Download or read book Advanced Inorganic Fibers written by Frederick T. Wallenberger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-27 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: F. T. Wallenberger This book serves as an introduction to advanced inorganic fibers and aims to support fundamental research, assist applied scientists and designers in industry, and facilitate materials science instruction in universities and colleges. Its three main sections deal with fibers which are derived from the vapor phase such as single crystal silicon whiskers or carbon nanotubes, from the liquid phase such as advanced glass and single crystal oxide fibers, and from solid precursor fibers such as carbon and ceramic fibers. Contents FIBERS FROM THE VAPOR, LIQUID AND SOLID PHASE 1.1 The most important phase isthe liquid phase 1.2 Afiber by any name isstill afiber 1.3 Biographic sketches ofthe authors 1.4 Acknowledgments CHAPTER 1 FIBERS FROM THE VAPOR, LIQUID AND SOLID PHASE F. T. Wallenberger The book describes advanced inorganic fibers, focuses on principles and concepts, analyzes experimental and commercial processes, and relates process variables to structures, structures tofiber properties and fiber properties to end-use performance. In principle, there are discontinuous or inherently short, and continuous or potentially endless, fibers. Short fibers range from asbestos fibers, which were described as early as 300 BC to carbon nanotubes which were discovered in 1991 [1] and have been fully described in 1999 [2].
Book Synopsis Materials for Advanced Batteries by : D. Murphy
Download or read book Materials for Advanced Batteries written by D. Murphy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of a NATO Science Committee Institute on "Materials for Advanced Batteries" was suggested to JB and DWM by Dr. A. G. Chynoweth. His idea was to bring together experts in the field over the entire spectrum of pure research to applied research in order to familiarize everyone with potentially interesting new systems and the problems involved in their development. Dr. M. C. B. Hotz and Professor M. N. Ozdas were instrumental in helping organize this meeting as a NATO Advanced Science Institute. An organlzlng committee consisting of the three of us along with W. A. Adams, U. v Alpen, J. Casey and J. Rouxel organized the program. The program consisted of plenary talks and poster papers which are included in this volume. Nearly half the time of the conference was spent in study groups. The aim of these groups was to assess the status of several key aspects of batteries and prospects for research opportunities in each. The study groups and their chairmen were: Current status and new systems J. Broadhead High temperature systems W. A. Adams Interface problems B. C. H. Steele Electrolytes U. v Alpen Electrode materials J. Rouxel These discussions are summarized in this volume. We and all the conference participants are most grateful to Professor J. Rouxel for suggesting the Aussois conference site, and to both he and Dr. M. Armand for handling local arrangements.
Book Synopsis Materials and Processes by : Barrie D. Dunn
Download or read book Materials and Processes written by Barrie D. Dunn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this book is to assist scientists and engineers select the ideal material or manufacturing process for particular applications; these could cover a wide range of fields, from light-weight structures to electronic hardware. The book will help in problem solving as it also presents more than 100 case studies and failure investigations from the space sector that can, by analogy, be applied to other industries. Difficult-to-find material data is included for reference. The sciences of metallic (primarily) and organic materials presented throughout the book demonstrate how they can be applied as an integral part of spacecraft product assurance schemes, which involve quality, material and processes evaluations, and the selection of mechanical and component parts. In this successor edition, which has been revised and updated, engineering problems associated with critical spacecraft hardware and the space environment are highlighted by over 500 illustrations including micrographs and fractographs. Space hardware captured by astronauts and returned to Earth from long durations in space are examined. Information detailed in the Handbook is applicable to general terrestrial applications including consumer electronics as well as high reliability systems associated with aeronautics, medical equipment and ground transportation. This Handbook is also directed to those involved in maximizing the relia bility of new materials and processes for space technology and space engineering. It will be invaluable to engineers concerned with the construction of advanced structures or mechanical and electronic sub-systems.
Download or read book Crystal Growth written by A.W. Vere and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the second in a series of scientific textbooks designed to cover advances in selected research fields from a basic and general viewpoint, so that only limited knowledge is required to understand the significance of recent developments. Further assistance for the non-specialist is provided by the summary of abstracts in Part 2, which includes many of the major papers published in the research field. Crystal Growth of Semiconductor Materials has been the subject of numerous books and reviews and the fundamental principles are now well-established. We are concerned chiefly with the deposition of atoms onto a suitable surface - crystal growth - and the generation of faults in the atomic structure during growth and subsequent cooling to room temperature - crystal defect structure. In this book I have attempted to show that whilst the fundamentals of these processes are relatively simple, the complexities of the interactions involved and the individuality of different materials systems and growth processes have ensured that experimentally verifiable predictions from scientific principles have met with only limited success - good crystal growth remains an art. However, recent advances, which include the reduction of growth temperatures, the reduction or elimination of reactant transport variables and the use of better-controlled energy sources to promote specific reactions, are leading to simplified growth systems.
Book Synopsis Materials Science of Carbides, Nitrides and Borides by : Yury G. Gogotsi
Download or read book Materials Science of Carbides, Nitrides and Borides written by Yury G. Gogotsi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey of current research on a wide range of carbide, nitride and boride materials, covering the general issues relevant to the development and characterisation of a variety of advanced materials. Topics include structure and electronic properties, modeling, processing, high-temperature chemistry, oxidation and corrosion, mechanical behaviour, manufacturing and applications. The volume complements more specialised books on specific materials as well as more general texts on ceramics or hard materials, presenting a survey of materials research as a key to technological development. After decades of research, the materials are being used in electronics, wear resistant, refractory and other applications, but numerous new applications are possible. Roughly equal numbers of papers cover theoretical and experimental research in the general field of materials science of refractory materials. Audience: Researchers and graduate students in materials science and engineering.
![Download Secondary Phase Formation and the Microstructural Evolution of Surface Layers During Vapor Phase Alteration of the French SON 68 Nuclear Waste Glass at 200[degrees]C. PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/WFSzDAEACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
