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Seasonal To Interdecadalvariability Of The North Pacific Circulation Based On The Climatological Observed Data And The Princeton Ocean Model
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Book Synopsis Seasonal to Interdecadalvariability of the North Pacific Circulation Based on the Climatological Observed Data and the Princeton Ocean Model by : Grigory Isayev Monterey
Download or read book Seasonal to Interdecadalvariability of the North Pacific Circulation Based on the Climatological Observed Data and the Princeton Ocean Model written by Grigory Isayev Monterey and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report summarizes some intermediate results as well as a number of unresolved problems encountered in an attempt to develop an ocean modeling system for the simulation, visualization, and retrospective analysis of the seasonal to interdecadal variability of the physical environment of the North Pacific Ocean. This modeling system is intended to produce the monthly mean quanitities for the individual years, such as subsurface temperature and salinity, and the horizontal and vertical components of the large-scale circulation, as well as a number of derived quanitities, such as the mixed layer depth, the thermocline depth, the vertical thermohaline stratification, and the horizontal and vertical transports of heat, salt, and nutrients."--p.2
Book Synopsis Ocean Circulation and Climate by : Mojib Latif
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Mojib Latif and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An inherent feature of the climate is its strong variability on a vast range of timescales, from seasonal to multimillennial and beyond. Decadal variability, which is the topic of this chapter, has large implications for society, as its consequences can be experienced by individuals during their own lifetime. Examples of decadal variability include the Dust Bowl drought of the 1930s in the American and Canadian prairie lands, the Sahel drought of the 1970s and 1980s, the ongoing drought which started in 2000 in the southwestern United States, and the multidecadal variability in Atlantic hurricane activity during the twentieth century. Furthermore, it is the decadal to multidecadal variability that makes the detection of anthropogenic climate change a challenge, since global warming evolves on a similar timescale. The detection problem specifically applies to the regional scale, where natural variability is the strongest. It is a central challenge of climate science to understand and possibly predict such regional-scale climate variability and change over timescales of decades.
Book Synopsis Ocean Circulation and Climate by : Ben P. Kirtman
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Ben P. Kirtman and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter summarizes the scientific basis for and the current status of seasonal-to-interannual prediction with particular emphasis on the role of the tropical oceans. The first part of the chapter focuses on oceanic sources of predictability in the tropical Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. Seasonal-to-interannual predictability issues in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics are also discussed. Mechanisms that limit predictability, particularly for ENSO, are highlighted. The second part of the chapter describes the forecast quality and procedures in practice today. Finally, the concluding remarks identify some outstanding challenges.
Book Synopsis Interannual Variability in the North Pacific Ocean from Observations and a Data-assimilating Model by : Elizabeth M. Douglass
Download or read book Interannual Variability in the North Pacific Ocean from Observations and a Data-assimilating Model written by Elizabeth M. Douglass and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interannual variability of the volume, heat, and freshwater circulation in the North Pacific Ocean is explored through a joint analysis of observations and the output from a data-assimilating model. High-resolution repeated expendable bathythermograph (XBT) transects provide an observational basis for analysis of transport of volume, heat, and freshwater in the North Pacific. The Estimating the Climate and Circulation of the Ocean (ECCO) Consortium uses the adjoint method to constrain an ocean circulation model with observations, producing dynamically consistent time-varying ocean state estimates. These state estimates provide a context in which the detailed information from the observations can be used for analysis of the mean and variability of ocean circulation. An initial analysis of volume transport in the Northeast Pacific demonstrates that comparisons between a global ocean state estimate and the data are useful in understanding the large-scale gyre interactions, as well as connections with larger scale signals. To improve the accuracy of the ocean state estimate in the North Pacific, several experiments are performed with the ECCO model in a regional setting. First, we withhold subsets of the data from the assimilation to emphasize the importance of including all available data in order to obtain an accurate state estimate. Separately, we determine that increasing the weights on the subsurface data increases the accuracy of the subsurface estimate with minimal cost to the accuracy of the surface estimate. This new North Pacific state estimate is used to develop heat and freshwater budgets. A trans-Pacific XBT track defines the southern boundary of a closed region, and in that region the balance between cross-track advective transport and surface fluxes gives an estimate of the time-varying storage of heat and freshwater. The mean estimates of transport and storage compare well with previous research. In addition, estimates of the magnitude of variability are provided. The freshwater budget is found to be relatively stable, while the heat budget has large interannual variability. Connections between the variability of the heat storage in the North Pacific and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation climate signal are found.
Download or read book Local Climatological Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Time-averaged Circulation of the North Pacific Ocean by : Edward D. Zaron
Download or read book The Time-averaged Circulation of the North Pacific Ocean written by Edward D. Zaron and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The time-averaged velocity field in the North Pacific was estimated in two sets of inverse calculations. The planetary geostrophic equations were the basis for dynamical models of the flow in each case. The inverse estimates of the circulation were obtained by minimizing a positive-definite cost function, which measured the inconsistency of the model's predictions against a set of observations comprised of a large, high-quality hydrographic data set, and surface fluxes of heat, fresh water, and momentum. In the first part of this work, four solution methods for the generalized inverse of a linear planetary geostrophic model of the North Pacific are compared. A conjugate gradient solver applied to the equation for the generalized inverse, expressed in terms of a representer expansion, was the most computationally efficient solution method. The other methods, in order of decreasing efficiency, were, a conjugate gradient descent solver (preconditioned with the inverse of the model operators), a direct solver for the representer coefficients, and a second conjugate gradient descent solver (preconditioned so that the diagonal elements of the cost Redacted for Privacy function Hessian were unity). All but the last method were successful at minimizing the penalty function. Inverse estimates of the circulation based on the linear planetary geostrophic model were stable to perturbations in the data, and insensitive to assumptions regarding the model forcing and boundary condition uncertainties. A large calculation, which involved approximately 18,000 observations and 60,000 state variables, indicated that the linear model is remarkably consistent with the observations. The second part of this work describes an attempt to use a nonlinear planetary geostrophic model (which included realistic bottom topography, lateral momentum mixing, out-cropping layers, and air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum) to assimilate the same hydrographic data set as above. Because of the nonlinearity in the model, descent methods (rather than a representer-based method) were used to solve the inverse problem. The nonlinearity of the model and the poor conditioning of the cost function Hessian confounded the minimization process. A solver for the tangent-linearization of the planetary geostrophic system should be used as a preconditioner if calculations of this type are attempted in the future.
Book Synopsis North pacific climate and ecosystem predictability on seasonal to decadal timescales by : Shoshiro Minobe
Download or read book North pacific climate and ecosystem predictability on seasonal to decadal timescales written by Shoshiro Minobe and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-05-10 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Deep Circulation, Central North Pacific Ocean by : William D. Barbee
Download or read book Deep Circulation, Central North Pacific Ocean written by William D. Barbee and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Journal of Geophysical Research by :
Download or read book Journal of Geophysical Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of a Simulation of the Seasonal Cycle in the Tropical Pacific Ocean in an Eddy-resolving Global Ocean Model by : Lawrence Joseph Gordon
Download or read book Analysis of a Simulation of the Seasonal Cycle in the Tropical Pacific Ocean in an Eddy-resolving Global Ocean Model written by Lawrence Joseph Gordon and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ocean Circulation and Climate by : Nikolai Maximenko
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Nikolai Maximenko and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter summarizes the history of and recent progress in observations of surface circulation of the ocean. The description is biased toward Lagrangian drifting buoys and satellite altimetry that, in the authors’ opinion, have revolutionized our understanding of ocean surface currents by providing a high resolution, continuous global view of mesoscale ocean “weather.” We outline the current state of the observing system and characterize geostrophic surface circulation, Ekman currents, and effects of centrifugal force and nonlinear interaction between geostrophic and Ekman currents. This general description is complemented by regional examples, detailing processes in the California Current System, off Senegal, and the Kuroshio interaction with the East and South China Seas. Applications to various tasks, in which surface currents play important role, are illustrated by model simulations of motions of marine debris, including debris generated by the 2011 tsunami in Japan. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the next tasks needed to improve understanding of the dynamics of the surface ocean circulation.
Download or read book Climatological Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis On Interannual Variability and Climate Change in the North Pacific by : David Kurt Salmon
Download or read book On Interannual Variability and Climate Change in the North Pacific written by David Kurt Salmon and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long term changes in the atmospheric and oceanic environment of the North Pacific were investigated for the period 1946-1991. A climatology of North Pacific wind stress curl was developed because of the relevance of changes in wind stress curl to both oceanic and atmospheric variability. The dominant scales of spatial and temporal wind stress curl variability were determined and examined within the context of observed changes in North Pacific air temperature, sea surface temperature (SST), sea ice cover, oceanic mass transport and the occurrence of blocking anticyclones. Relationships between these variables and indices of tropical Pacific variability were also determined on interannual time scales. During 1976-1988, phase relationships were very strong between long term mean anomalies of wind stress curl, SST, air temperature, sea ice cover, The Pacific North American index, the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and tropical Pacific SST. Long term mean anomalies of these parameters did not change sign during 1976-88. These strong phase relationships did not occur amongst these variables during any other period of the record. The 1976-1988 period is characterized by intensified storminess, the decreased occurrence of blocking anticyclones, and decreased sea ice cover in the subarctic North Pacific. Intensified atmospheric circulation also occurred in the western Pacific subtropical anticyclone. Anomalously low SST occurred across the central and western North Pacific during this period while anomalously high SST was present in the eastern North Pacific adjacent to North America. Changes in the sign of the long term mean anomalies of wind stress curl, central North Pacific SST and the SOI suggest that this climate regime ended or relaxed after 1988. After 1975, long term changes in anomalies of the Southern Oscillation Index, tropical Atlantic wind stress, Sahel rainfall, and Greenland Sea ice cover have characteristics similar to those observed in the North Pacific. It is suggested that the climate anomalies observed in the North Pacific during 1976-1988 occurred as part of a hemispheric or global scale climate regime.
Book Synopsis North Pacific Climate, Ocean Circulation, and Productivity Over Millennial and Orbital Timescales by :
Download or read book North Pacific Climate, Ocean Circulation, and Productivity Over Millennial and Orbital Timescales written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to processes that are poorly understood, the arctic/subarctic region is currently warming at approximately twice the rate of the rest of the globe, and these regional changes may in turn have important consequences on global climate. The Bering Sea is an ideal location to study the relationship between sea ice distribution, ocean circulation, and biological productivity, which are all thought to be components of important interactions that both respond to and influence climate changes on regional (North Pacific) to global scales. Geologic records are essential for understanding and predicting future oceanic and climatic changes, but most previous studies of Bering Sea and North Pacific climate and oceanic conditions were limited by short records that only spanned one glacial-interglacial climate cycle (~100 kyr). This dissertation presents new geochemical and sedimentological records of oceanic and climatic conditions over the past 1.2 Myr using sediment cores from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1342 (54.83°N, 176.92°E, 818 m water depth) in the Bering Sea, providing an unprecedented opportunity to examine trends over multiple glacial-interglacial cycles. Long benthic foraminiferal stable isotope records from Site U1342 provide the first evidence of an important recurring relationship in which extremely cold glacial conditions lead to enhanced Bering Sea ice extent and enhanced local formation of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW), the water mass primarily associated with large-scale North Pacific circulation and heat transport. These results contradict model predictions for weaker NPIW formation during extreme glacial conditions and show that North Pacific and North Atlantic circulation acted in phase on glacial-interglacial timescales. Furthermore, new records of nitrate utilization based on nitrogen isotopes demonstrate that glacial climates were consistently associated with enhanced physical stratification in the Bering Sea, which resulted in increased utilization of nutrients by phytoplankton and a reduction in the carbon dioxide released from the ocean to the atmosphere. Finally, multiple new records that demonstrate high productivity during intervals of laminated sediments, which represent brief anoxic events, indicate that interglacial climates precondition the Bering Sea for rapid oceanic and biological change.
Download or read book Local Climatological Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selected Bibliography of Climatic Maps for the Western Pacific Ocean by : Thomas A. Bender
Download or read book Selected Bibliography of Climatic Maps for the Western Pacific Ocean written by Thomas A. Bender and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The document lists 47 reports by title and author, and includes descriptive comments concerning the content of these reports.
Book Synopsis Ocean Circulation and Climate by : P. Ted Strub
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by P. Ted Strub and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this chapter, we review the physical processes that create the mean and variable circulation features along the eastern margins of the ocean basins. Rather than describing the individual systems, we describe the processes and their variability between the systems, dividing the discussion into the low-, mid- and high-latitude regions. We start with the low latitudes, since their signals often move poleward along the coastal wave guides into the midlatitudes, which are the well-known eastern boundary upwelling systems. Our treatment of the higher latitudes is limited to examples from the better-studied NE Pacific Basin (The Alaska Current).
