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Search For Low Mass Dark Matter With The Xenon100 Experiment And Simulations For 1 Ton And 10 Ton Dark Matter Detectors
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Book Synopsis Search for Low Mass Dark Matter with the XENON100 Experiment and Simulations for 1 Ton and 10 Ton Dark Matter Detectors by : Ethan Craig Brown
Download or read book Search for Low Mass Dark Matter with the XENON100 Experiment and Simulations for 1 Ton and 10 Ton Dark Matter Detectors written by Ethan Craig Brown and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Low-mass Dark Matter Search with the XENON100 Experiment by : Andrea Tiseni
Download or read book Low-mass Dark Matter Search with the XENON100 Experiment written by Andrea Tiseni and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It is hypothesized that 26% of the mass and energy content of the universe consists of Dark Matter. The most promising Dark Matter candidates are Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMP). If WIMPs are the Dark Matter particles, then they could be directly de-tected via their scattering off nuclei. The XENON100 experiment aims to detect the scattering of a WIMP with a xenon nucleus. This experiment is a xenon-based dual-phase (liquid-gas) Time Projection Chamber (TPC). The interaction of a particle in the TPC produces both scintillation photons and ionization electrons, which are both detected as light signals by photomultipliers. So far, the XENON100 experiment has not observed WIMPs, and exclusion limits have been produced. The data analysis relies on an accurate description of the backgrounds. In this thesis I present an analysis that assumes potentially unknown backgrounds to be present in the data. In this way, a WIMP exclusion limit without background subtraction is calculated with a minimum WIMP-nucleon cross section of 2.05 × 10-45 cm2 at a WIMP mass of 50 GeV. Furthermore, I developed a new method to enhance the sensitivity of the XENON100 experiment towards low-mass WIMPs using solely the ionization signal to calculate the recoil energy. Using this method, the sensitivity of the XENON100 experiment is improved by several orders of magnitude for WIMP masses below 7 GeV, excluding a WIMP-nucleon cross section of 1.4 × 10-41 cm2 at a WIMP mass of 6 GeV."--Samenvatting auteur.
Book Synopsis The Search for Dark Matter in XENON100 Using a Two-dimensional Profile Likelihood Analysis by : Kevin Joseph Lung
Download or read book The Search for Dark Matter in XENON100 Using a Two-dimensional Profile Likelihood Analysis written by Kevin Joseph Lung and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct dark matter detectors are currently probing the favored supersymmetric theoretical phase space for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) as part of a larger electroweak sector particle search. The XENON100 detector has recently improved upon their world-best upper limits on WIMP-nucleon scattering cross sections from 2011 with new results presented in 2012, which have further ruled out much of the predicted regions for dark matter. In the low mass regime, the results shown so far have been conservative in addressing the claims of a WIMP detection by CoGeNT, DAMA and CRESSTII. This thesis discusses a different approach to analyzing the XENON100 data with a profile likelihood statistical method using the ionization channel to improve both energy reconstruction and energy resolution and probe the low WIMP mass region. A Monte Carlo simulation using a combination of detector geometry and underlying statistical features of signal production has been developed to determine the ionization yield, which has only a few direct measurements, and to model WIMP interactions as input to the statistical technique. The resulting profile likelihood analysis, which includes systematic uncertainties in the energy scales and background and signal models, has been able to improve the current upper limits by a factor of 10 in the low mass region (6-10 GeV/c2) and about a factor of 2 up to 50 GeV/c2. The discovery potential of the dataset is also studied, which has produced a 2.3[sigma] significance for a 7.5 GeV/c2 particle at a cross section of [sigma]_x-N =1.8 X 10−43 cm2 with a 95% confidence interval of [1.74 X 10−44,7.76 & times;10−43] cm2.
Book Synopsis A Search for Low-mass Dark Matter with the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search and the Development of Highly Multiplexed Phonon-mediated Particle Detectors by :
Download or read book A Search for Low-mass Dark Matter with the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search and the Development of Highly Multiplexed Phonon-mediated Particle Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The XENON100 Dark Matter Experiment by : Guillaume Plante
Download or read book The XENON100 Dark Matter Experiment written by Guillaume Plante and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis describes the research conducted in the context of the XENON100 dark matter search experiment. I describe the initial simulation results and ideas that influenced the design of the XENON100 detector, the construction and assembly steps that lead into its concrete realization, the detector and its subsystems, a subset of the calibration results of the detector, and finally dark matter exclusion limits. I also describe in detail the new improved measurement of the important quantity for the interpretation of results from LXe dark matter searches, the scintillation efficiency of low-energy nuclear recoils in LXe.
Book Synopsis Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe by : David Cline
Download or read book Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe written by David Cline and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings provide the latest results on dark matter and dark energy research. The UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy hosted its tenth Dark Matter and Dark Energy conference in Marina del Rey and brought together all the leaders in the field. The symposium provided a scientific forum for the latest discussions in the field. Topics covered at the symposium: •Status of measurements of the equation of state of dark energy and new experiments •The search for missing energy events at the LHC and implications for dark matter search •Theoretical calculations on all forms of dark matter (SUSY, axions, sterile neutrinos, etc.) •Status of the indirect search for dark matter •Status of the direct search for dark matter in detectors around the world •The low-mass wimp search region •The next generation of very large dark matter detectors •New underground laboratories for dark matter search
Book Synopsis Particle Dark Matter by : Gianfranco Bertone
Download or read book Particle Dark Matter written by Gianfranco Bertone and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the dark matter problem in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology for graduate students and researchers.
Book Synopsis Dark Matter and Dark Energy by : Sabino Matarrese
Download or read book Dark Matter and Dark Energy written by Sabino Matarrese and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-10 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together reviews from leading international authorities on the developments in the study of dark matter and dark energy, as seen from both their cosmological and particle physics side. Studying the physical and astrophysical properties of the dark components of our Universe is a crucial step towards the ultimate goal of unveiling their nature. The work developed from a doctoral school sponsored by the Italian Society of General Relativity and Gravitation. The book starts with a concise introduction to the standard cosmological model, as well as with a presentation of the theory of linear perturbations around a homogeneous and isotropic background. It covers the particle physics and cosmological aspects of dark matter and (dynamical) dark energy, including a discussion of how modified theories of gravity could provide a possible candidate for dark energy. A detailed presentation is also given of the possible ways of testing the theory in terms of cosmic microwave background, galaxy redshift surveys and weak gravitational lensing observations. Included is a chapter reviewing extensively the direct and indirect methods of detection of the hypothetical dark matter particles. Also included is a self-contained introduction to the techniques and most important results of numerical (e.g. N-body) simulations in cosmology. " This volume will be useful to researchers, PhD and graduate students in Astrophysics, Cosmology Physics and Mathematics, who are interested in cosmology, dark matter and dark energy.
Book Synopsis Results from the XENON10 and the Race to Detect Dark Matter with Noble Liquids by :
Download or read book Results from the XENON10 and the Race to Detect Dark Matter with Noble Liquids written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detectors based on liquid noble gases have the potential to revolutionize the direct search for WIMP dark matter. The XENON10 experiment, of which I am a member, has recently announced the results from it's first data run and is now the leading WIMP search experiment. This and other experiments using xenon, argon and neon have the potential to rapidly move from the current kg-scale target mass to the ton scale and well beyond. This should allow a (nearly) definitive test or discovery of dark matter if it is in the form of weakly interacting massive particles.
Book Synopsis Search for Dark Matter with XENON100 and Future Ton-scale Detectors by : Chi Wai Lam
Download or read book Search for Dark Matter with XENON100 and Future Ton-scale Detectors written by Chi Wai Lam and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Noble Gas Detectors by : Elena Aprile
Download or read book Noble Gas Detectors written by Elena Aprile and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-02-27 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the physical properties of noble fluids, operational principles of detectors based on these media, and the best technical solutions to the design of these detectors. Essential attention is given to detector technology: purification methods and monitoring of purity, information readout methods, electronics, detection of hard ultra-violet light emission, selection of materials, cryogenics etc. The book is mostly addressed to physicists and graduate students involved in the preparation of fundamental next generation experiments, nuclear engineers developing instrumentation for national nuclear security and for monitoring nuclear materials.
Book Synopsis Measurements and Modeling of Low Energy Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Xenon for Dark Matter and Neutrino Detection by : Brian Gregory Lenardo
Download or read book Measurements and Modeling of Low Energy Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Xenon for Dark Matter and Neutrino Detection written by Brian Gregory Lenardo and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on the characterization of xenon as a detection medium for low energy particle physics. In particular, there are two signals that we are interested in exploring: the interactions of WIMP dark matter inside an earth-bound detector, and the coherent elastic scattering of neutrinos off of nuclei. Both are predicted to produce low energy (10−1--102 keV) nuclear recoils, which can be measured in a low-threshold detector. One well-established technique for measuring these signals is the dual-phase xenon emission detector, which measures primary scintillation light and electroluminescence from ionized electrons to reconstruct information about each interaction inside the target volume. To understand the data produced in an experiment, one must understand how the scintillation and ionization signals relate to the incident particle type and energy deposited. Calibrating the response of the detector medium is of crucial importance for both interpreting existing data and calculating the physics reach of current or future experiments. The ultimate goal of this dissertation is to provide a set of robust models of xenon ionization and scintillation emission which can can be used to calculate signals and simulate the response of liquid xenon detectors in experiments searching for low energy nuclear recoil signatures. In the work below, I begin with a detailed description of the physics of interest. Chapter 2 introduces the dual-phase xenon TPC and discuss its benefits for these types of experiments. In Chapter 3, we draw upon previous literature to develop a model of xenon scintillation and ionization yields. This model is fitted simultaneously to a compilation of available data to allow it to incorporate differences in operating conditions, such as applied electric field, across different experiments. Chapter 4 extends this modeling effort to work within the LUX collaboration, which operated a 300 kg liquid xenon TPC with world-leading sensitivity to dark matter WIMP interactions. LUX performed the lowest-energy nuclear recoil calibration measurements to date, allowing us to extend our model to lower energies and establishing the sensitivity of LUX to a broader range of WIMP models. Chapter 5 delves in greater detail into the time structure of scintillation in liquid xenon. We provide new data on scintillation pulse shapes for low energy nuclear recoils, and use the differences between electron- and nuclear-recoil pulse shapes to establish a new background discriminant for use in LUX data analysis. Finally, in Chapter 6 we describe an ongoing project at LLNL to provide new data of ionization yields at lower energies than the LUX measurements. These experiments will have direct implications on the sensitivity of liquid xenon detectors in general to both low-mass WIMPs and nuclear reactor neutrino scattering. Here we describe the development of the xenon detector system and the preliminary characterization and calibration work that was performed in preparation for the main experiments.
Book Synopsis Search for Low-Mass Dark Matter Wtih SuperCDMS Soudan and Study of Shorted Electric Field Configurations in CDMS Detectors by :
Download or read book Search for Low-Mass Dark Matter Wtih SuperCDMS Soudan and Study of Shorted Electric Field Configurations in CDMS Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The area of dark matter is one of the most interesting and exciting topics in physics today. Existing at the intersection of particle physics and astrophysics, the existence of a new dark matter particle can be used to explain many astrophysical and cosmological observations, as well as to reconcile outstanding issues in the standard model of particle physics. Experiments such as SuperCDMS are built to detect dark matter in the lab by looking for low-energy nuclear recoils produced by collisions between dark matter particles and atoms in terrestrial detectors. SuperCDMS Soudan is particularly well-suited to follow up on possible hints of low-mass dark matter seen by other recent experiments because of its low thresholds and excellent background discrimination. Analyzing SuperCDMS Soudan data to look for low-mass dark matter comes with particular challenges because of the low signal-to-noise very near threshold. However, with a detailed background model developed by scaling high-energy events down into the low-energy signal region, SuperCDMS Soudan produced worldleading limits on the existence of low-mass dark matter. In addition, a few SuperCDMS Soudan detectors experienced cold hardware problems that can affect the data collected. Of particular interest is one detector considered for the low-mass WIMP search that has one of its charge electrodes shorted to chassis ground. Three events were observed in this detector upon unblinding the SuperCDMS Soudan low-energy data, even though
Book Synopsis Detector Simulation and WIMP Search Analysis for the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Experiment by : Kevin Ahmad McCarthy
Download or read book Detector Simulation and WIMP Search Analysis for the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Experiment written by Kevin Ahmad McCarthy and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astrophysical and cosmological measurements on the scales of galaxies, galaxy clusters, and the universe indicate that ~85% of the matter in the universe is composed of dark matter, made up of non-baryonic particles that interact with cross-sections on the weak scale or lower. Hypothetical Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, or WIMPs, represent a potential solution to the dark matter problem, and naturally arise in certain Standard Model extensions. The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) collaboration aims to detect the scattering of WIMP particles from nuclei in terrestrial detectors. Germanium and silicon particle detectors are deployed in the Soudan Underground Laboratory in Minnesota. These detectors are instrumented with phonon and ionization sensors, which allows for discrimination against electromagnetic backgrounds, which strike the detector at rates orders of magnitude higher than the expected WIMP signal. This dissertation presents the development of numerical models of the physics of the CDMS detectors, implemented in a computational package collectively known as the CDMS Detector Monte Carlo (DMC). After substantial validation of the models against data, the DMC is used to investigate potential backgrounds to the next iteration of the CDMS experiment, known as SuperCDMS. Finally, an investigation of using the DMC in a reverse Monte Carlo analysis of WIMP search data is presented. 140.23 kg-days of WIMP search data from the silicon detectors in the CDMSII experiment is also analyzed. The resulting upper limits on the WIMP-nucleon crosssection are higher than those published by other experiments at all WIMP masses, and the lowest limit on the WIMP-nucleon cross-section is 1.07*10-42 cm2 at a mass of 60 GeV/c2. These results do provide new and interesting constraints at WIMP masses
Book Synopsis Revisiting XENON100's Constraints (and Signals?) For Low-Mass Dark Matter by :
Download or read book Revisiting XENON100's Constraints (and Signals?) For Low-Mass Dark Matter written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Search for Low-mass Dark Matter with SuperCDMS Soudan and Study of Shorted Electric Field Configurations in CDMS Detectors by : Kristiana E. Schneck
Download or read book Search for Low-mass Dark Matter with SuperCDMS Soudan and Study of Shorted Electric Field Configurations in CDMS Detectors written by Kristiana E. Schneck and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The area of dark matter is one of the most interesting and exciting topics in physics today. Experiments such as SuperCDMS are built to detect dark matter in the lab by looking for low-energy nuclear recoils produced by collisions between dark matter particles and atoms in terrestrial detectors. SuperCDMS Soudan is particularly well-suited to follow up on possible hints of low-mass dark matter seen by other recent experiments because of its low thresholds and excellent background discrimination. Analyzing SuperCDMS Soudan data to look for low-mass dark matter comes with particular challenges because of the low signal-to-noise very near threshold. However, with a detailed background model developed by scaling high-energy events down into the low-energy signal region, SuperCDMS Soudan produced world-leading limits on the existence of low-mass dark matter. However, a few SuperCDMS Soudan detectors experienced cold hardware problems that can affect the data collected. Of particular interest is one detector considered for the low-mass WIMP search that has one of its charge electrodes shorted to chassis ground. The data collected by the shorted detector may have been compromised since an electrode shorted to ground will modify the electric field in the detector. A new model of the expected backgrounds in the low-mass WIMP search is developed using the SuperCDMS Detector Monte Carlo to try to explain how the short may have affected the data collected. Finally, the consequences of a new effective field theory of dark matter-nucleon scattering are examined in the context of current and future dark matter direct detection experiments.
Book Synopsis The Low-mass Limit by : Noah Kurinsky
Download or read book The Low-mass Limit written by Noah Kurinsky and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment will be a 20-kg scale Si and Ge direct dark matter detection experiment designed to probe down to 300 MeV in dark matter (DM) mass through DM-nucleus scattering and 500 keV in DM electron scattering. In order to reach these low masses with appreciable sensitivity to dark matter, it needs to achieve very low energy resolution (≤ 10 ev) for nuclear recoils in both detector materials, which will be achieved using a new detector design and operating mode, CDMS HV. This detector is designed to operate at a bias of 100V to convert charges liberated in our detector targets to into phonon energy in order to resolve individual electron-hole pairs. This has never before been achieved in a kg-scale detector. In this thesis, I cover three elements of the design of the CDMS HV detectors. I discuss the detector physics controlling how charges and phonons are generated in our detector crystals, com- paring theory to results of recent experiments carried out at Stanford. I move on to describe the operating principles of our phonon-mediated charge readout, as well as the design of the CDMS HV detector. I then describe the performance tests of early CDMS HV prototypes in conjunction with the SuperCDMS SNOLAB electronics, and discuss the path towards achieving single electron-hole pair resolving detectors at the kg-scale given the performance obtained thus far. As a result of these tests, we were able to refine our noise and sensor dynamics models, and develop new metrics for diagnosing non-ideal sources of noise to aid in reducing coupling of the external environment to our detectors. In order to study the microphysics of phonon and charge production in our target crystals, we fabricated a number of gram-scale devices with various sensor designs in order to separate sensor and environmental effects from intrinsic crystal properties. These devices provided the first successful demonstrating of using voltage to amplify charge energy by production of phonons (the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke effect) in order to resolve electron-hole pairs, and opened up a new regime of dark matter and photon science at the gram-scale that we are just beginning to explore. A first dark matter search was carried out with one of these gram-scale devices, producing world-leading limits on electron-recoiling dark matter between 0.5 and 5 MeV in dark matter mass for multiple form factors. This device achieved a phonon resolution of 10 eV, allowing a single gram-day of exposure to rival kg-days of exposure in the competing liquid-noble based electron-recoil search.
