Screening On The Factor Affecting The Alkaline Pretreatment Of Fiber Pressed Oil Palm Frond

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Screening on the Factor Affecting the Alkaline Pretreatment of Fiber Pressed Oil Palm Frond

Author : Nur Fatin Nadiah Fauzi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Screening on the Factor Affecting the Alkaline Pretreatment of Fiber Pressed Oil Palm Frond by : Nur Fatin Nadiah Fauzi

Download or read book Screening on the Factor Affecting the Alkaline Pretreatment of Fiber Pressed Oil Palm Frond written by Nur Fatin Nadiah Fauzi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil palm fronds are a by-product from the harvest of the fresh fruit from oil palms. Nowadays, oil palm fronds are used as a source of roughage for ruminants. Oil palm fronds have lignocelluloses biomass is an organic residue which consists of mainly cellulose, lignin and hemicelluloses, whose basic units are sugars that can be fermented into sugar or other chemicals.The main objective of this research is to screening the factor that affect the alkaline pretreatment in lignin removal. This research was conducted based on two-level factorial design with a total sixteen runs. The studied variables or factors (parameters) e.g. sodium hydroxide concentration, temperature, time pretreatment, lime concentration and ultrasonication were denoted by high level (+1) and low level (-1) where their actual code are 0.50-10%, 40-90oC,15-120 minutes, 2.00-10.00% and yes or no, respectively. The oil palm frond biomass with less than 1.0mm were first pre-soaked in mixture of sodium hydroxide and lime solution that have different concentration, then incubated in an microwave with desired temperature and time. For the alkaline-assisted ultrasonic, the same method is approach but by using ultrasonic probe. The OPF was then filtered and washed thoroughly with de-ionized water and dried in oven for 24 hour. Then, the filtrate was weighed. The analysis done using Two-Level Factorial by Design Expert software shows that three factors are affecting with high contribution towards the lignin removal. These factors are the sodium hydroxide concentration, temperature and lime concentration. The factors of NaOH concentration, temperature and lime concentration contributed with 76.30%, 0.50% and 0.29% respectively to the delignification process. In addition, the data obtained wasfitted into response which is the amount of lignin removed, YLfor statistical analysis. Lignin response was found to be significant in terms of model (F-value = 39.79), the regression coefficient, R2= 0.9876 and adjusted regression coefficient RA2= 0.9628.

Screening of Factors Affecting the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Fiber Pressed Palm Frond (FPOPF)

Author : Nur Fatin Muhammad
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Screening of Factors Affecting the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Fiber Pressed Palm Frond (FPOPF) by : Nur Fatin Muhammad

Download or read book Screening of Factors Affecting the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Fiber Pressed Palm Frond (FPOPF) written by Nur Fatin Muhammad and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the alkaline pretreatment and factors that affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis oil palm frond (OPF). The factors studied in enzymatic hydrolysis are enzyme concentration, pH, temperature, reaction time and agitation speed. OPF is one type of agricultural wastes that consist of lignocellulosic material which comprised of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin is extremely strong component which resistant against chemical, enzymatic and bacteria breakdown. Thus, usage of lignocellulosic as a raw material involves alkaline pretreatment to be able to make the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions easily accessible for enzymatic hydrolysis. Dried OPF was pretreated by soaking into sodium hydroxide solution at 100°C for about 1 hour. For hydrolysis, the pretreated OPF was soaked into sodium acetate buffer and enzyme was applied too. The, the mixture was incubated in an incubator shaker. After that, the mixture was boiled in water bath for 10 minutes. The hydrolysates were quantified by using DNS method. After analyzed with Design Expert Software, pH gives the most contribution to the enzymatic hydrolysis. Lignocellulose material is known as a potential biomass for conversion into renewable sugar to produce value-added product such as biofuels, animal feeds, enzyme and healthy food products.

Fibre-reinforced Polymer Composites in Construction

Author : Andrew Cripps
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Fibre-reinforced Polymer Composites in Construction by : Andrew Cripps

Download or read book Fibre-reinforced Polymer Composites in Construction written by Andrew Cripps and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the construction industry, fibre-reinforced polymer composites are widely used in applications such as cladding, pipes, for repair and in strengthening work. However, there are many situations where they are not used, where they can offer a solution through their high strength-to-weight ratio, their ability to survive harsh environments, and the fact that they can be formed into complex shapes. They can be fire resistant, and their low weight brings installation benefits in space-cramped and time-critical projects. These benefits mean that the composite solution can be cheaper than any other alternative, particularly in terms of whole life cost. This report seeks to address the reasons why FRP composites are not used more widely in construction, and to encourage their appropriate use in the future. This book addresses the many potential applications of FRP, attempting to balance the wide variety of possibilities with the need to provide more detail in key areas. It explains the differences between the techniques and the potential for each one to produce different products. It also helps to make sense of sales and other literature from the industry. The book discusses the key design areas: structural, fire performance, joining, finishes, environmental resistance and environmental impact.

Pretreatment of Biomass

Author : Ashok Pandey
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128003960
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Pretreatment of Biomass by : Ashok Pandey

Download or read book Pretreatment of Biomass written by Ashok Pandey and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pretreatment of Biomass provides general information, basic data, and knowledge on one of the most promising renewable energy sources—biomass for their pretreatment—which is one of the most essential and critical aspects of biomass-based processes development. The quest to make the environment greener, less polluted, and less hazardous has led to the concept of biorefineries for developing bio-based processes and products using biomass as a feedstock. Each kind of biomass requires some kind of pretreatment to make it suitable for bioprocess. This book provides state-of-art information on the methods currently available for this. This book provides data-based scientific information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatment of lignocellulosic and algal biomass for further processing. Pretreatment of biomass is considered one of the most expensive steps in the overall processing in a biomass-to-biofuel program. With the strong advancement in developing lignocellulose biomass- and algal biomass-based biorefineries, global focus has been on developing pretreatment methods and technologies that are technically and economically feasible. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in methods used for the pretreatment of biomass. An entire section is devoted to the methods and technologies of algal biomass due to the increasing global attention of its use. - Provides information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatament processes and technologies for biomass - Covers information on lignocellulosic and algal biomass to work on the principles of biorefinery - Useful for researchers intending to study scale-up - Provides information on integration of processes and technologies for the pretreatment of biomass

Current Developments in Solid-state Fermentation

Author : Ashok Pandey
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387752137
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Current Developments in Solid-state Fermentation by : Ashok Pandey

Download or read book Current Developments in Solid-state Fermentation written by Ashok Pandey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-16 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the period of last two decades, there has been significant resurgence in solid-state fermentation due to the numerous benefits it offers, especially in the engineering and environmental aspects. SSF has shown much promise in the development of several bioprocesses and products. This resurgence gained further momentum during the last 5-6 years with the developments in fundamental and applied aspects. A good deal of information has been generated in published literature and patented information. Several commercial ventures have come up based on SSF in different parts of the world. The contents are organized into four parts: Part 1 deals with the General and Fundamentals aspects of SSF; Part 2 deals with the production of bulk chemicals and products such as enzymes, organic acids, spores and mushrooms in SSF; Part 3 is on the use of SSF for specialty chemicals such as gibberellic acid, antibiotics and other pharmaceutically valuable secondary metabolites, pigments, and aroma compounds; Part 4 deals with the use of SSF miscellaneous application such as SSF for food and feed applications, agro-industrial residues as substrates in SSF and the production of silage and vermicompost.

Sustainability of the Sugar and Sugar-ethanol Industries

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780841225992
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (259 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainability of the Sugar and Sugar-ethanol Industries by :

Download or read book Sustainability of the Sugar and Sugar-ethanol Industries written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cellulose Fibers: Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites

Author : Susheel Kalia
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642173705
Total Pages : 743 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Cellulose Fibers: Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites by : Susheel Kalia

Download or read book Cellulose Fibers: Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites written by Susheel Kalia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-11 with total page 743 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because we are living in an era of Green Science and Technology, developments in the field of bio- and nano- polymer composite materials for advanced structural and medical applications is a rapidly emerging area and the subject of scientific attention. In light of the continuously deteriorating environmental conditions, researchers all over the world have focused an enormous amount of scientific research towards bio-based materials because of their cost effectiveness, eco-friendliness and renewability. This handbook deals with cellulose fibers and nano-fibers and covers the latest advances in bio- and nano- polymer composite materials. This rapidly expanding field is generating many exciting new materials with novel properties and promises to yield advanced applications in diverse fields. This book reviews vital issues and topics and will be of interest to academicians, research scholars, polymer engineers and researchers in industries working in the subject area. It will also be a valuable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students at institutes of plastic engineering and other technical institutes.

Biorefinery of Oil Producing Plants for Value-Added Products

Author : Suraini Abd-Aziz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527830766
Total Pages : 791 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (278 download)

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Book Synopsis Biorefinery of Oil Producing Plants for Value-Added Products by : Suraini Abd-Aziz

Download or read book Biorefinery of Oil Producing Plants for Value-Added Products written by Suraini Abd-Aziz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-12-21 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biorefinery of Oil Producing Plants for Value-Added Products An instructive and up-to-date pretreatment and industrial applications of oil producing plants Biorefinery of Oil Producing Plants for Value-Added Products is a two-volume set that delivers a comprehensive exploration of oil producing plants, from their availability to their pretreatment, bioenergy generation, chemical generation, bioproduct generation, and economic impact. The distinguished team of editors has included a wide variety of highly instructive resources written by leading contributors to the field. This set explores the current and future potential of bioenergy production to address the energy and climate crisis, as well as the technologies used to produce materials like biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol, biobutanol, biochar, fuel pellets, and biohydrogen. It also discusses the production of biobased chemicals, including bio-oil, biosurfactants, catanionic surfactants, glycerol, biovanillin, bioplastic, and plant-oil based polyurethanes. Concluding with an insightful analysis of the economic effects of oil producing plants, the set also offers readers: A thorough introduction to the availability of oil producing plants, including palm oil, castor oil, jatropha, nyamplung, and coconut A comprehensive exploration of the pretreatment of oil producing plants, including the physical, chemical and biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass Practical discussion of the generation of bioenergy, including biogas generation in the palm oil mill and biodiesel production techniques using jatropha In-depth examinations of the generation of biobased chemicals, including those produced from the tobacco plant Perfect for researchers and industry practitioners involved with the biorefinery of oil producing plants, Biorefinery of Oil Producing Plants for Value-Added Products also belongs in the libraries of undergraduate and graduate students studying agriculture, chemistry, engineering, and microbiology.

Biomass and Bioenergy

Author : Khalid Rehman Hakeem
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319076418
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomass and Bioenergy by : Khalid Rehman Hakeem

Download or read book Biomass and Bioenergy written by Khalid Rehman Hakeem and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-25 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass obtained from agricultural residues or forest can be used to produce different materials and bioenergy required in a modern society. As compared to other resources available, biomass is one of the most common and widespread resources in the world. Thus, biomass has the potential to provide a renewable energy source, both locally and across large areas of the world. It is estimated that the total investment in the biomass sector between 2008 and 2021 will reach the large sum of $104 billion. Presently bioenergy is the most important renewable energy option and will remain so the near and medium-term future. Previously several countries try to explore the utilization of biomass in bioenergy and composite sector. Biomass has the potential to become the world’s largest and most sustainable energy source and will be very much in demand. Bioenergy is based on resources that can be utilized on a sustainable basis all around the world and can thus serve as an effective option for the provision of energy services. In addition, the benefits accrued go beyond energy provision, creating unique opportunities for regional development. The present book will provide an up-to-date account of non-wood, forest residues, agricultural biomass (natural fibers), and energy crops together with processing, properties and its applications to ensure biomass utilization and reuse. All aspects of biomass and bioenergy and their properties and applications will be critically re-examined. The book consists of three sections, presenting Non wood and forest products from forestry, arboriculture activities or from wood processing, agricultural biomass (natural fibers) from agricultural harvesting or processing and finally energy crops: high yield crops and grasses grown especially for energy production.

Hybrid Natural Fiber Composites

Author : Anish Khan
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0128203862
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Hybrid Natural Fiber Composites by : Anish Khan

Download or read book Hybrid Natural Fiber Composites written by Anish Khan and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on natural fiber composites is an emerging area in the field of polymer science with tremendous growth potential for commercialization. Hybrid Natural Fiber Composites: Material Formulations, Processing, Characterization, Properties, and Engineering Applications provides updated information on all the important classes of natural fibers and their composites that can be used for a broad range of engineering applications. Leading researchers from industry, academia, government, and private research institutions from across the globe have contributed to this highly application-oriented book. The chapters showcase cutting-edge research discussing the current status, key trends, future directions, and opportunities. Focusing on the current state of the art, the authors aim to demonstrate the future potential of these materials in a broad range of demanding engineering applications. This book will act as a one-stop reference resource for academic and industrial researchers working in R&D departments involved in designing composite materials for semi structural engineering applications. - Presents comprehensive information on the properties of hybrid natural fiber composites that demonstrate their ability to improve the hydrophobic nature of natural fiber composites - Reviews recent developments in the research and development of hybrid natural fiber composites in various engineering applications - Focuses on modern technologies and illustrates how hybrid natural fiber composites can be used as alternatives in structural components subjected to severe conditions

Biomass Fractionation Technologies for a Lignocellulosic Feedstock Based Biorefinery

Author : S.I. Mussatto
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128025611
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomass Fractionation Technologies for a Lignocellulosic Feedstock Based Biorefinery by : S.I. Mussatto

Download or read book Biomass Fractionation Technologies for a Lignocellulosic Feedstock Based Biorefinery written by S.I. Mussatto and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-02-18 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass Fractionation Technologies for a Lignocellulosic Feedstock-based Biorefinery reviews the extensive research and tremendous scientific and technological developments that have occurred in the area of biorefinering, including industrial processes and product development using ‘green technologies’, often referred as white biotechnology. As there is a huge need for new design concepts for modern biorefineries as an alternative and amendment to industrial crude oil and gas refineries, this book presents the most important topics related to biomass fractionation, including advances, challenges, and perspectives, all with references to current literature for further study. Presented in 26 chapters by international field specialists, each chapter consists of review text that comprises the most recent advances, challenges, and perspectives for each fractionation technique. The book is an indispensable reference for all professionals, students, and workers involved in biomass biorefinery, assisting them in establishing efficient and economically viable process technologies for biomass fractionation. Provides information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatment processes and technologies for biomass Reviews numerous valuable products from lignocellulose Discusses integration of processes for complete biomass conversion with minimum waste generation Identifies the research gaps in scale-up Presents an indispensable reference for all professionals, students, and workers involved in biomass biorefinery, assisting them in establishing efficient and economically viable process technologies for biomass fractionation

Ultrasound in Chemistry

Author : José-Luis Capelo-Martínez
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9783527319343
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Ultrasound in Chemistry by : José-Luis Capelo-Martínez

Download or read book Ultrasound in Chemistry written by José-Luis Capelo-Martínez and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-01-07 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mit Ultraschall kann man den Fortgang von Reaktionen verfolgen und Arbeitsschritte in der Analytik beschleunigen. Neben den klassischen Anwendungen in der Extraktion stellt dieser Band auch moderne Einsatzgebiete, unter anderem in der Proteomforschung und Polymertechnik, vor. Spezielle Kapitel widmen sich den erforderlichen Instrumenten wie Ultraschallbädern und -sonden.

Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2019

Author : Bowen Li
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030057496
Total Pages : 782 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2019 by : Bowen Li

Download or read book Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2019 written by Bowen Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-13 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection gives broad and up-to-date results in the research and development of materials characterization and processing. Topics covered include characterization methods, ferrous materials, non-ferrous materials, minerals, ceramics, polymer and composites, powders, extraction, microstructure, mechanical behavior, processing, corrosion, welding, solidification, magnetic, electronic, environmental, nano-materials, and advanced materials The book explores scientific processes to characterize materials using modern technologies, and focuses on the interrelationships and interdependence among processing, structure, properties, and performance of materials.

Green Biocomposites

Author : Mohammad Jawaid
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319493825
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Biocomposites by : Mohammad Jawaid

Download or read book Green Biocomposites written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-11 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the concept, design and application of green biocomposites, with a specific focus on the current demand for green biocomposites for automotive and aerospace components. It discusses the mathematical background, innovative approaches to physical modelling, analysis and design techniques. Including numerous illustrations, tables, case studies and exercises, the text summarises current research in the field. It is a valuable reference resource for researchers, students and scientists working in the field of materials science.

Pineapple Leaf Fibers

Author : Mohammad Jawaid
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981151416X
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Pineapple Leaf Fibers by : Mohammad Jawaid

Download or read book Pineapple Leaf Fibers written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-13 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents recent research on natural fibers extracted from pineapple leaves. Covering several extraction processes, properties of pineapple leaf fibers and comparisons with other natural fibers, and their applications, it provides up-to-date information on the subject of natural fibers from prominent researchers in academia and industry as well as government/private research laboratories across the world. The book is a comprehensive reference resource for university and college faculties, professionals, postdoctoral research fellows, undergraduate/graduate students, researchers and scientists working in the areas of non-forest product utilization, natural fibers, and biomass materials.

Biochar for Environmental Management

Author : Dr. Johannes Lehmann
Publisher : Earthscan
ISBN 13 : 1849770557
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (497 download)

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Book Synopsis Biochar for Environmental Management by : Dr. Johannes Lehmann

Download or read book Biochar for Environmental Management written by Dr. Johannes Lehmann and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2009 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Biochar is the carbon-rich product when biomass (such as wood, manure, or crop residues) is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. It can be used to improve agriculture and the environment in several ways, and its stability in soil and superior nutrient-retention properties make it an ideal soil amendment to increase crop yields. In addition to this, biochar sequestration, in combination with sustainable biomass production, can be carbon-negative and therefore used to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with major implications for mitigation of climate change. Biochar production can also be combined with bioenergy production through the use of the gases that are given off in the pyrolysis process.This book is the first to synthesize the expanding research literature on this topic. The book's interdisciplinary approach, which covers engineering, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, economics and policy, is a vital tool at this stage of biochar technology development. This comprehensive overview of current knowledge will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and professionals in a wide range of disciplines"--Provided by publisher.

Biorefinery

Author : Juan-Rodrigo Bastidas-Oyanedel
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030109615
Total Pages : 763 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Biorefinery by : Juan-Rodrigo Bastidas-Oyanedel

Download or read book Biorefinery written by Juan-Rodrigo Bastidas-Oyanedel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-15 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the biorefinery of biomass feedstocks. In-depth chapters highlight the scientific and technical aspects and present a techno-economic analysis of such systems. By using a TEA approach, the authors present feasible pathways for conversion of biomass (both residual biomass, energy crops and algae biomass), showing the different possibilities for the production of biochemical materials, biofuels, and fertilizers. The concepts presented in this book will link companies, investors, and governments by providing a framework that will help reduce pollutants and create a biomass related economy that incorporates the newest developments and technologies in the area.