Reproducibility and Replicability in Science

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309486165
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Reproducibility and Replicability in Science by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Reproducibility and Replicability in Science written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-10-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research

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Author :
Publisher : Ravenio Books
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research by : Donald T. Campbell

Download or read book Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research written by Donald T. Campbell and published by Ravenio Books. This book was released on 2015-09-03 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We shall examine the validity of 16 experimental designs against 12 common threats to valid inference. By experiment we refer to that portion of research in which variables are manipulated and their effects upon other variables observed. It is well to distinguish the particular role of this chapter. It is not a chapter on experimental design in the Fisher (1925, 1935) tradition, in which an experimenter having complete mastery can schedule treatments and measurements for optimal statistical efficiency, with complexity of design emerging only from that goal of efficiency. Insofar as the designs discussed in the present chapter become complex, it is because of the intransigency of the environment: because, that is, of the experimenter’s lack of complete control.

Great Scientific Experiments

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Author :
Publisher : Courier Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0486143600
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (861 download)

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Book Synopsis Great Scientific Experiments by : Rom Harre

Download or read book Great Scientific Experiments written by Rom Harre and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2013-01-17 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vivid, readable, accurate tales of landmark inquiries include Aristotle's work on embryology of the chick, Galileo's discovery of the law of descent, Newton's experiment on nature of colors, more.

Experimental Political Science and the Study of Causality

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139490532
Total Pages : 607 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental Political Science and the Study of Causality by : Rebecca B. Morton

Download or read book Experimental Political Science and the Study of Causality written by Rebecca B. Morton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-06 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly, political scientists use the term 'experiment' or 'experimental' to describe their empirical research. One of the primary reasons for doing so is the advantage of experiments in establishing causal inferences. In this book, Rebecca B. Morton and Kenneth C. Williams discuss in detail how experiments and experimental reasoning with observational data can help researchers determine causality. They explore how control and random assignment mechanisms work, examining both the Rubin causal model and the formal theory approaches to causality. They also cover general topics in experimentation such as the history of experimentation in political science; internal and external validity of experimental research; types of experiments - field, laboratory, virtual, and survey - and how to choose, recruit, and motivate subjects in experiments. They investigate ethical issues in experimentation, the process of securing approval from institutional review boards for human subject research, and the use of deception in experimentation.

Design of Experiments for Engineers and Scientists

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0443151741
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Design of Experiments for Engineers and Scientists by : Jiju Antony

Download or read book Design of Experiments for Engineers and Scientists written by Jiju Antony and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-06-02 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third edition of Design of Experiments for Engineers and Scientists adds to the tried and trusted tools that were successful in so many engineering organizations with new coverage of design of experiments (DoE) in the service sector. Case studies are updated throughout, and new ones are added on dentistry, higher education, and utilities. Although many books have been written on DoE for statisticians, this book overcomes the challenges a wider audience faces in using statistics by using easy-to-read graphical tools. Readers will find the concepts in this book both familiar and easy to understand, and users will soon be able to apply them in their work or research. This classic book is essential reading for engineers and scientists from all disciplines tackling all kinds of product and process quality problems and will be an ideal resource for students of this topic. - Written in nonstatistical language, the book is an essential and accessible text for scientists and engineers who want to learn how to use DoE - Explains why teaching DoE techniques in the improvement phase of Six Sigma is an important part of problem-solving methodology - New edition includes two new chapters on DoE for services as well as case studies illustrating its wider application in the service industry

Laboratory Experiments in the Social Sciences

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080546145
Total Pages : 574 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Laboratory Experiments in the Social Sciences by : Murray Webster

Download or read book Laboratory Experiments in the Social Sciences written by Murray Webster and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-07-03 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory Experiments in the Social Sciences is the only book providing core information for researchers about the ways and means to conduct experiments. Its comprehensive regard for laboratory experiments encompasses "how-to explanations, investigations of philosophies and ethics, explorations of experiments in specific social science disciplines, and summaries of both the history and future of social science laboratories. No other book offers such a direct avenue to enlarging our knowledge in the social sciences.This collection of original chapters combines instructions and advice about the design of laboratory experiments in the social sciences with the array of other issues. While there are books on experimental design and chapters in more general methods books on design, theory, and ethical issues, no other book attempts to discuss the fundamental ideas of the philosophy of science or lays out the methods comprehensively or in such detail. Experimentation has recently prospered because of increasing interest in cross-disciplinary syntheses, and this book of advice, guidelines, and observations underline its potential and increasing importance.· Provides a comprehensive summary of issues in social science experimentation, from ethics to design, management, and financing· Offers "how-to" explanations of the problems and challenges faced by everyone involved in social science experiments· Pays attention to both practical problems and to theoretical and philosophical arguments· Defines commonalities and distinctions within and among experimental situations across the social sciences

Conducting Meaningful Experiments

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Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452254680
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

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Book Synopsis Conducting Meaningful Experiments by : R. Barker Bausell

Download or read book Conducting Meaningful Experiments written by R. Barker Bausell and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 1994-03-04 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no doubt that this book will be well received by those who are fortunate enough to come across it. This book will be of use to the growing number of people involved either as purchasers or providers of research. Don′t go to work without it! --Health Services Management Research Journal "I would recommend [this book] to a colleague as a useful companion text for students. I would say that this is an engaging discussion of experimental research for social, behavioral, and health science students. The writing style is fresh and entertaining, and draws the willing reader into thinking through the process of designing and conducting experimental research. It is not a ′cookbook′ or a compendium of facts. Rather, it is a pragmatic and thoughtful description intended to help students understand how to design meaningful experiments, and by understanding that, they will also understand how to interpret research they do not conduct themselves." --Katharyn A. May, School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University "This slim but packed volume is written for prospective researchers in the social and health sciences. The writing style is lively, encouraging, upbeat. R. Barker Bausell brings science down to earth without sacrificing respect for rigor and complexity. . . . Recommended for all institutions with undergraduate or graduate research requirements in the social and health sciences." --Choice Tired of research methods books that tell how to perform a research study without any mention of the why behind doing research? Aimed at communicating the excitement and responsibility of the research process, this remarkable volume enables you to evaluate beforehand whether a prospective research study has the potential to either improve the human condition, contribute to theory formation, or explain the etiology of a significant phenomenon rather than to produce just another "publishable" study. By emphasizing how to think about and strategize a research study, R. Barker Bausell shows you the important steps of a scientific study--from the formulation of the problem to the write-up of the results. Replete with illustrative examples drawn from the social, health, and behavioral sciences, this volume is a must for all serious researchers.

Social Science Research

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Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781475146127
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (461 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Science Research by : Anol Bhattacherjee

Download or read book Social Science Research written by Anol Bhattacherjee and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-04-01 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to the process of conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. It is a one-stop, comprehensive, and compact source for foundational concepts in behavioral research, and can serve as a stand-alone text or as a supplement to research readings in any doctoral seminar or research methods class. This book is currently used as a research text at universities on six continents and will shortly be available in nine different languages.

The Uses of Experiment

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521337687
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (376 download)

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Book Synopsis The Uses of Experiment by : David Gooding

Download or read book The Uses of Experiment written by David Gooding and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989-05-18 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renowned scholars in history, sociology, philosophy and anthropology consider seventeenth and twentieth century weapon testing, particle physics, biology and other topics in an account of important and often famous experiments.

The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Collection

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Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1526416069
Total Pages : 737 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Collection by : Uwe Flick

Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Collection written by Uwe Flick and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Collection is a timely overview of the methodological developments available to social science researchers, covering key themes including: Concepts, Contexts, Basics Verbal Data Digital and Internet Data Triangulation and Mixed Methods Collecting Data in Specific Populations.

Experimental Thinking

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108997988
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental Thinking by : James N. Druckman

Download or read book Experimental Thinking written by James N. Druckman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-12 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments are a central methodology in the social sciences. Scholars from every discipline regularly turn to experiments. Practitioners rely on experimental evidence in evaluating social programs, policies, and institutions. This book is about how to “think” about experiments. It argues that designing a good experiment is a slow moving process (given the host of considerations) which is counter to the current fast moving temptations available in the social sciences. The book includes discussion of the place of experiments in the social science process, the assumptions underlying different types of experiments, the validity of experiments, the application of different designs, how to arrive at experimental questions, the role of replications in experimental research, and the steps involved in designing and conducting “good” experiments. The goal is to ensure social science research remains driven by important substantive questions and fully exploits the potential of experiments in a thoughtful manner.

Reflections on Experimental Science

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Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9812795812
Total Pages : 551 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (127 download)

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Book Synopsis Reflections on Experimental Science by : Martin L. Perl

Download or read book Reflections on Experimental Science written by Martin L. Perl and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collection of important lecture and original articles and commentaries by Martin Perl, discoverer of the tau lepton and the third generation of elementary particles, and this year''s Nobel Prize winner. This book contains a fascinating and realistic picture of experimental science based on the high energy physics research work carried out by him. Using reprints of his articles with his commentaries, the author presents the various aspects of experimental research in science: the pleasures and risks of experimental work; the pain and frustration with experiments that are useless or fail; the dreaming about experiments that were not carried out; the constant search for innovation and creativity in the work; and the special joy of discovery. The articles and commentaries range from the early days of bubble chambers and spark chambers in the 1950''s to the author''s present research, experiments at an electron-positron collider and a search for free quarks. The book is for the general reader as well as the scientist.

Experimentation in Software Engineering

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642290442
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimentation in Software Engineering by : Claes Wohlin

Download or read book Experimentation in Software Engineering written by Claes Wohlin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-16 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like other sciences and engineering disciplines, software engineering requires a cycle of model building, experimentation, and learning. Experiments are valuable tools for all software engineers who are involved in evaluating and choosing between different methods, techniques, languages and tools. The purpose of Experimentation in Software Engineering is to introduce students, teachers, researchers, and practitioners to empirical studies in software engineering, using controlled experiments. The introduction to experimentation is provided through a process perspective, and the focus is on the steps that we have to go through to perform an experiment. The book is divided into three parts. The first part provides a background of theories and methods used in experimentation. Part II then devotes one chapter to each of the five experiment steps: scoping, planning, execution, analysis, and result presentation. Part III completes the presentation with two examples. Assignments and statistical material are provided in appendixes. Overall the book provides indispensable information regarding empirical studies in particular for experiments, but also for case studies, systematic literature reviews, and surveys. It is a revision of the authors’ book, which was published in 2000. In addition, substantial new material, e.g. concerning systematic literature reviews and case study research, is introduced. The book is self-contained and it is suitable as a course book in undergraduate or graduate studies where the need for empirical studies in software engineering is stressed. Exercises and assignments are included to combine the more theoretical material with practical aspects. Researchers will also benefit from the book, learning more about how to conduct empirical studies, and likewise practitioners may use it as a “cookbook” when evaluating new methods or techniques before implementing them in their organization.

Advances in Experimental Political Science

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108478506
Total Pages : 671 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Experimental Political Science by : James N. Druckman

Download or read book Advances in Experimental Political Science written by James N. Druckman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel collection of essays addressing contemporary trends in political science, covering a broad array of methodological and substantive topics.

Experimental Methods for Science and Engineering Students

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108418465
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental Methods for Science and Engineering Students by : Les Kirkup

Download or read book Experimental Methods for Science and Engineering Students written by Les Kirkup and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-05 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of experimental methods providing practical advice to students seeking guidance with their experimental work.

Conducting Meaningful Experiments

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Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications, Incorporated
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Conducting Meaningful Experiments by : R. Barker Bausell

Download or read book Conducting Meaningful Experiments written by R. Barker Bausell and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1994-03-15 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By emphasizing how to think about and strategize a research study, Bausell shows you the important steps of a scientific study - from the formulation of the problem to the write-up of the results.

Innocent Experiments

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Author :
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469629488
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Innocent Experiments by : Rebecca Onion

Download or read book Innocent Experiments written by Rebecca Onion and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the 1950s to the digital age, Americans have pushed their children to live science-minded lives, cementing scientific discovery and youthful curiosity as inseparable ideals. In this multifaceted work, historian Rebecca Onion examines the rise of informal children's science education in the twentieth century, from the proliferation of home chemistry sets after World War I to the century-long boom in child-centered science museums. Onion looks at how the United States has increasingly focused its energies over the last century into producing young scientists outside of the classroom. She shows that although Americans profess to believe that success in the sciences is synonymous with good citizenship, this idea is deeply complicated in an era when scientific data is hotly contested and many Americans have a conflicted view of science itself. These contradictions, Onion explains, can be understood by examining the histories of popular science and the development of ideas about American childhood. She shows how the idealized concept of "science" has moved through the public consciousness and how the drive to make child scientists has deeply influenced American culture.