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Book Synopsis Science for Environmental Protection by : National Research Council
Download or read book Science for Environmental Protection written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-12-21 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In anticipation of future environmental science and engineering challenges and technologic advances, EPA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to assess the overall capabilities of the agency to develop, obtain, and use the best available scientific and technologic information and tools to meet persistent, emerging, and future mission challenges and opportunities. Although the committee cannot predict with certainty what new environmental problems EPA will face in the next 10 years or more, it worked to identify some of the common drivers and common characteristics of problems that are likely to occur. Tensions inherent to the structure of EPA's work contribute to the current and persistent challenges faced by the agency, and meeting those challenges will require development of leading-edge scientific methods, tools, and technologies, and a more deliberate approach to systems thinking and interdisciplinary science. Science for Environmental Protection: The Road Ahead outlines a framework for building science for environmental protection in the 21st century and identified key areas where enhanced leadership and capacity can strengthen the agency's abilities to address current and emerging environmental challenges as well as take advantage of new tools and technologies to address them. The foundation of EPA science is strong, but the agency needs to continue to address numerous present and future challenges if it is to maintain its science leadership and meet its expanding mandates.
Book Synopsis Science and Decisions by : National Research Council
Download or read book Science and Decisions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-24 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.
Book Synopsis The Science of Bureaucracy by : David Demortain
Download or read book The Science of Bureaucracy written by David Demortain and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the US Environmental Protection Agency designed the governance of risk and forged its legitimacy over the course of four decades. The US Environmental Protection Agency was established in 1970 to protect the public health and environment, administering and enforcing a range of statutes and programs. Over four decades, the EPA has been a risk bureaucracy, formalizing many of the methods of the scientific governance of risk, from quantitative risk assessment to risk ranking. Demortain traces the creation of these methods for the governance of risk, the controversies to which they responded, and the controversies that they aroused in turn. He discusses the professional networks in which they were conceived; how they were used; and how they served to legitimize the EPA. Demortain argues that the EPA is structurally embedded in controversy, resulting in constant reevaluation of its credibility and fueling the evolution of the knowledge and technologies it uses to produce decisions and to create a legitimate image of how and why it acts on the environment. He describes the emergence and institutionalization of the risk assessment–risk management framework codified in the National Research Council's Red Book, and its subsequent unraveling as the agency's mission evolved toward environmental justice, ecological restoration, and sustainability, and as controversies over determining risk gained vigor in the 1990s. Through its rise and fall at the EPA, risk decision-making enshrines the science of a bureaucracy that learns how to make credible decisions and to reform itself, amid constant conflicts about the environment, risk, and its own legitimacy.
Book Synopsis Strengthening Science at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by : National Research Council
Download or read book Strengthening Science at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-10-25 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the three decades since the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created, the agency's scientific and technical practices and credibility have been independently assessed many times in reports from the National Research Council (NRC), EPA Science Advisory Board, General Accounting Office, and many other organizations; in congressional oversight and judicial proceedings; and in countless criticisms and lawsuits from stakeholders with interests in particular EPA regulatory decisions. As a previous independent panel put it in the 1992 report Safeguarding the Future: Credible Science, Credible Decisions, EPA's policy and regulatory work receives a great deal of public attention, but the agency's scientific performance typically receives a similar degree of attention only when the scientific basis for a decision is questioned. Thus, strong scientific performance is important not only to enable EPA to make informed and effective decisions, but also to gain credibility and public support for the environmental protection efforts of EPA and the nation. This report is the fourth and final one in a series prepared by two independent expert committees convened by the NRC in response to a request from Congress and to subsequent, related requests from EPA. The Committee on Research Opportunities and Priorities for EPA-the companion committee in this study-was charged to provide an overview of significant emerging environmental issues, identify and prioritize research themes most relevant to understanding and resolving those issues, and consider the role of EPA's research program in the context of research being conducted or supported by other organizations. That committee published an interim report in 1996 and a final report, Building a Foundation for Sound Environmental Decisions, in 1997. The Committee on Research and Peer Review in EPA was charged to evaluate research management and scientific peer-review practices in the agency. The committee published an interim report in 1995 and this final report.
Book Synopsis Environmental Science For Dummies by : Alecia M. Spooner
Download or read book Environmental Science For Dummies written by Alecia M. Spooner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-06-22 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The easy way to score high in Environmental Science Environmental science is a fascinating subject, but somestudents have a hard time grasping the interrelationships of thenatural world and the role that humans play within the environment.Presented in a straightforward format, Environmental Science ForDummies gives you plain-English, easy-to-understandexplanations of the concepts and material you'll encounter in yourintroductory-level course. Here, you get discussions of the earth's natural resources andthe problems that arise when resources like air, water, and soilare contaminated by manmade pollutants. Sustainability is alsoexamined, including the latest advancements in recycling and energyproduction technology. Environmental Science For Dummies isthe most accessible book on the market for anyone who needs to geta handle on the topic, whether you're looking to supplementclassroom learning or simply interested in learning more about ourenvironment and the problems we face. Presents straightforward information on complex concepts Tracks to a typical introductory level Environmental Sciencecourse Serves as an excellent supplement to classroom learning If you're enrolled in an introductory Environmental Sciencecourse or studying for the AP Environmental Science exam, thishands-on, friendly guide has you covered.
Book Synopsis Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment by : National Research Council
Download or read book Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The public depends on competent risk assessment from the federal government and the scientific community to grapple with the threat of pollution. When risk reports turn out to be overblownâ€"or when risks are overlookedâ€"public skepticism abounds. This comprehensive and readable book explores how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve its risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. With a wealth of detailed information, pertinent examples, and revealing analysis, the volume explores the "default option" and other basic concepts. It offers two views of EPA operations: The first examines how EPA currently assesses exposure to hazardous air pollutants, evaluates the toxicity of a substance, and characterizes the risk to the public. The second, more holistic, view explores how EPA can improve in several critical areas of risk assessment by focusing on cross-cutting themes and incorporating more scientific judgment. This comprehensive volume will be important to the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, students, and concerned individuals.
Author :National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :9780309689762 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (897 download)
Book Synopsis Transforming EPA Science to Meet Today's and Tomorrow's Challenges by : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine
Download or read book Transforming EPA Science to Meet Today's and Tomorrow's Challenges written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2023-12-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its establishment in 1970, the mission of the Environmental Protection Agency is to protect human health and the environment. EPA develops regulations, ensures compliance, and issues policies, in coordination with state, tribal, and local governments. To accomplish its mission, EPA should be equipped to produce and access the highest quality and most advanced science. The Office of Research and Development (ORD) provides the scientific bases for regulatory and public health policies that have broad impacts on the nation's natural resources and quality of human life, and that yield economic benefits and incur compliance costs for the regulated community. In addition, ORD develops the agency core research capabilities, providing tools and methods for meeting current and anticipating future environmental challenges, such as the risks to health and the environment posed by climate change. Because challenges associated with environmental protection today are complex and affected by many interacting factors, the report points to the need for a substantially broader and better integrated approach to environmental protection. This report calls for EPA ORD to pursue all of its scientific aims in a new framework?to apply systems thinking to a One Environment ? One Health approach in all aspects of ORD work. To accomplish this, the report provides actionable recommendations on how ORD might consider incorporating emerging science and systems thinking into the agency research planning, so that ORD can become an increasingly impactful organization. The report identifies a number of high-priority recommendations for ORD to pursue in taking advantage of a broad range of advanced tools, in concert with collaborators in other federal agencies and the broader scientific community. Given the resource constraints, the report recognizes that ORD will have to make decisions about priorities for implementing its recommendations, and that ORD leadership is in the best position to set those priorities as implementation begins. The report concluded by stating that shifting to a systems-thinking approach will require renewed support from science leadership, enhanced strategic planning, investment in new and broader expertise and tools, and a reimagined and inclusive commitment to communication and collaboration.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1020 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (327 download)
Book Synopsis Strengthening Science at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency--National Research Council (NRC) Findings by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
Download or read book Strengthening Science at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency--National Research Council (NRC) Findings written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 1020 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :338 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis The Role of Science at EPA and Fiscal Year 1993 Budget Authorization for EPA's Office of Research and Development by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
Download or read book The Role of Science at EPA and Fiscal Year 1993 Budget Authorization for EPA's Office of Research and Development written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Attacks on Science written by and published by Greenhaven Publishing LLC. This book was released on 2021-07-15 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent examples of attacks on science such as climate change denial demonstrate the danger of attacks on science. However, the negative impacts of these attacks must be weighed against other considerations, including the freedom of speech and religious expression, and the assertion that some criticism is healthy for the scientific field. The viewpoints in this volume consider the impacts of attacks on science, whether these attacks can be stopped, and how they can be prevented. Readers will evaluate the role of the internet in propagating and legitimizing these attacks.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on the Environment and the Atmosphere Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :984 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis The Organization and Management of EPA's Office of Research and Development by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on the Environment and the Atmosphere
Download or read book The Organization and Management of EPA's Office of Research and Development written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on the Environment and the Atmosphere and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Environment, Technology, and Standards Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :96 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis H.R. 64, a Proposal to Strengthen Science at the Environmental Protection Agency by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Environment, Technology, and Standards
Download or read book H.R. 64, a Proposal to Strengthen Science at the Environmental Protection Agency written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Environment, Technology, and Standards and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sustainability and the U.S. EPA by : National Research Council
Download or read book Sustainability and the U.S. EPA written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-10-08 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainability is based on a simple and long-recognized factual premise: Everything that humans require for their survival and well-being depends, directly or indirectly, on the natural environment. The environment provides the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. Recognizing the importance of sustainability to its work, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been working to create programs and applications in a variety of areas to better incorporate sustainability into decision-making at the agency. To further strengthen the scientific basis for sustainability as it applies to human health and environmental protection, the EPA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to provide a framework for incorporating sustainability into the EPA's principles and decision-making. This framework, Sustainability and the U.S. EPA, provides recommendations for a sustainability approach that both incorporates and goes beyond an approach based on assessing and managing the risks posed by pollutants that has largely shaped environmental policy since the 1980s. Although risk-based methods have led to many successes and remain important tools, the report concludes that they are not adequate to address many of the complex problems that put current and future generations at risk, such as depletion of natural resources, climate change, and loss of biodiversity. Moreover, sophisticated tools are increasingly available to address cross-cutting, complex, and challenging issues that go beyond risk management. The report recommends that EPA formally adopt as its sustainability paradigm the widely used "three pillars" approach, which means considering the environmental, social, and economic impacts of an action or decision. Health should be expressly included in the "social" pillar. EPA should also articulate its vision for sustainability and develop a set of sustainability principles that would underlie all agency policies and programs.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309458609 Total Pages :114 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis A Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results Research Program by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book A Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results Research Program written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-24 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental research has driven landmark improvements that led to the protection of human and ecosystem health. Recognizing the value of knowledge generated by environmental research and the ingenuity within academic and nonprofit institutions, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created a program known as Science to Achieve Results, or STAR, in 1995. STAR is EPA's primary competitive extramural grants program. A Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results Research Program assesses the program's scientific merit, public benefits, and overall contributions in the context of other relevant research and recommends ways to enhance those aspects of the program. This report also considers the conclusions and recommendations of a prior National Research Council review of the STAR program (2003), the STAR program's research priorities in light of the nation's environmental challenges, and the effects of recent STAR funding trends on obtaining scientific information needed to protect public health and the environment.
Book Synopsis Collaborative Problem Solving Cooperative Agreement Program by :
Download or read book Collaborative Problem Solving Cooperative Agreement Program written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Poison Spring written by E.G. Vallianatos and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2015-03-03 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An insider's account of how political pressure and corporate arm-twisting undermined the Environmental Protection Agency, with devastating effects on public safety and the environment.
Author :Committee on Research and Peer Review in EPA Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :9780309073073 Total Pages :138 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (73 download)
Book Synopsis Strengthening Science at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by : Committee on Research and Peer Review in EPA
Download or read book Strengthening Science at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency written by Committee on Research and Peer Review in EPA and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-10-09 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the three decades since the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created, the agency's scientific and technical practices and credibility have been independently assessed many times in reports from the National Research Council (NRC), EPA Science Advisory Board, General Accounting Office, and many other organizations; in congressional oversight and judicial proceedings; and in countless criticisms and lawsuits from stakeholders with interests in particular EPA regulatory decisions. As a previous independent panel put it in the 1992 report Safeguarding the Future: Credible Science, Credible Decisions, EPA's policy and regulatory work receives a great deal of public attention, but the agency's scientific performance typically receives a similar degree of attention only when the scientific basis for a decision is questioned. Thus, strong scientific performance is important not only to enable EPA to make informed and effective decisions, but also to gain credibility and public support for the environmental protection efforts of EPA and the nation. This report is the fourth and final one in a series prepared by two independent expert committees convened by the NRC in response to a request from Congress and to subsequent, related requests from EPA. The Committee on Research Opportunities and Priorities for EPA - the companion committee in this study - was charged to provide an overview of significant emerging environmental issues, identify and prioritize research themes most relevant to understanding and resolving those issues, and consider the role of EPA's research program in the context of research being conducted or supported by other organizations. That committee published an interim report in 1996 and a final report, Building a Foundation for Sound Environmental Decisions, in 1997. The Committee on Research and Peer Review in EPA was charged to evaluate research management and scientific peer-review practices in the agency. The committee published an interim report in 1995 and this final report.
