School Policies And The Black White Test Score Gap Working Paper Series San08 03

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School Policies and the Black-White Test Score Gap. Working Paper Series. SAN08-03

Author : Helen F. Ladd
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis School Policies and the Black-White Test Score Gap. Working Paper Series. SAN08-03 by : Helen F. Ladd

Download or read book School Policies and the Black-White Test Score Gap. Working Paper Series. SAN08-03 written by Helen F. Ladd and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines school-related policies and strategies that have been proposed or justified, at least in part, on the basis of their potential for reducing black-white test score gaps. These include strategies, one of which is greater integration, to reduce differences in the quality of teachers faced by black and white students; school and classroom policies designed to improve the achievement of low-performing students; and the strategies of school accountability and parental choice designed to change incentives throughout the education system. While none of these strategies is likely to be sufficiently powerful to offset the powerful non-school social forces that contribute to the racial achievement gap, the failure of education policy makers to be vigilant about the aspects of the problems over which they do have control could well lead to even greater gaps in the future or to lost opportunities to reduce them. (Contains 19 footnotes and 3 tables.).

Policy-Driven Democratization

Author : Peride K. Blind
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137294787
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (372 download)

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Book Synopsis Policy-Driven Democratization by : Peride K. Blind

Download or read book Policy-Driven Democratization written by Peride K. Blind and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-07 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policy-Driven Democratization offers a comprehensive conceptual analysis of each one of these fuzzy terms separately to then sew them together in one complete and coherent package of democratization.

The Black-White Test Score Gap

Author : Christopher Jencks
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 9780815746119
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (461 download)

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Book Synopsis The Black-White Test Score Gap by : Christopher Jencks

Download or read book The Black-White Test Score Gap written by Christopher Jencks and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " The test score gap between blacks and whites—on vocabulary, reading, and math tests, as well as on tests that claim to measure scholastic aptitude and intelligence--is large enough to have far-reaching social and economic consequences. In their introduction to this book, Christopher Jencks and Meredith Phillips argue that eliminating the disparity would dramatically reduce economic and educational inequality between blacks and whites. Indeed, they think that closing the gap would do more to promote racial equality than any other strategy now under serious discussion. The book offers a comprehensive look at the factors that contribute to the test score gap and discusses options for substantially reducing it. Although significant attempts have been made over the past three decades to shrink the test score gap, including increased funding for predominantly black schools, desegregation of southern schools, and programs to alleviate poverty, the median black American still scores below 75 percent of American whites on most standardized tests. The book brings together recent evidence on some of the most controversial and puzzling aspects of the test score debate, including the role of test bias, heredity, and family background. It also looks at how and why the gap has changed over the past generation, reviews the educational, psychological, and cultural explanations for the gap, and analyzes its educational and economic consequences. The authors demonstrate that traditional explanations account for only a small part of the black-white test score gap. They argue that this is partly because traditional explanations have put too much emphasis on racial disparities in economic resources, both in homes and in schools, and on demographic factors like family structure. They say that successful theories will put more emphasis on psychological and cultural factors, such as the way black and white parents teach their children to deal with things they do not know or understand, and the way black and white children respond to the same classroom experiences. Finally, they call for large-scale experiments to determine the effects of schools' racial mix, class size, ability grouping, and other policies. In addition to the editors, the contributors include Claude Steele, Ronald Ferguson, William G. Bowen, Philip Cook, and William Julius Wilson. "

Understanding the Black-White Test Score Gap in the First Two Years of School

Author : Roland G. Fryer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding the Black-White Test Score Gap in the First Two Years of School by : Roland G. Fryer

Download or read book Understanding the Black-White Test Score Gap in the First Two Years of School written by Roland G. Fryer and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In previous research, a substantial gap in test scores between White and Black students persists, even after controlling for a wide range of observable characteristics. Using a newly available data set (Early Childhood Longitudinal Study), we demonstrate that in stark contrast to earlier studies, the Black-White test score gap among incoming kindergartners disappears when we control for a small number of covariates. Over the first two years of school, however, Blacks lose substantial ground relative to other races. There is suggestive evidence that differences in school quality may be an important part of the explanation. None of the other hypotheses we test to explain why Blacks are losing ground receive any empirical backing. The difference between our findings and previous research is consistent with real gains made by recent cohorts of Blacks, although other explanations are also possible.

Racial Segregation and the Black-white Test Score Gap

Author : David Edward Card
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (254 download)

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Book Synopsis Racial Segregation and the Black-white Test Score Gap by : David Edward Card

Download or read book Racial Segregation and the Black-white Test Score Gap written by David Edward Card and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racial segregation is often blamed for some of the achievement gap between blacks and whites. We study the effects of school and neighborhood segregation on the relative SAT scores of black students across different metropolitan areas, using large microdata samples for the 1998-2001 test cohorts. Our models include detailed controls for the family background of individual test-takers, school-level controls for selective participation in the test, and city-level controls for racial composition, income, and region. We find robust evidence that the black-white test score gap is higher in more segregated cities. Holding constant family background and other factors, a shift from a fully segregated to a completely integrated city closes about one-quarter of the raw black-white gap in SAT scores. Specifications that distinguish between school and neighborhood segregation suggest that neighborhood segregation has a consistently negative impact but that school segregation has no independent effect (though we cannot reject equality of the two effects). We find similar results using Census-based data on schooling outcomes for youth in different cities. Data on enrollment in honors courses suggest that within-school segregation increases when schools are more highly integrated, potentially offsetting the benefits of school desegregation and accounting for our findings.

Steady Gains and Stalled Progress

Author : Katherine Magnuson
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610443748
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Steady Gains and Stalled Progress by : Katherine Magnuson

Download or read book Steady Gains and Stalled Progress written by Katherine Magnuson and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2008-10-09 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the disparity in test scores between black and white children remains one of the greatest social challenges of our time. Between the 1960s and 1980s, tremendous strides were made in closing the achievement gap, but that remarkable progress halted abruptly in the mid 1980s, and stagnated throughout the 1990s. How can we understand these shifting trends and their relation to escalating economic inequality? In Steady Gains and Stalled Progress, interdisciplinary experts present a groundbreaking analysis of the multifaceted reasons behind the test score gap—and the policies that hold the greatest promise for renewed progress in the future. Steady Gains and Stalled Progress shows that while income inequality does not directly lead to racial differences in test scores, it creates and exacerbates disparities in schools, families, and communities—which do affect test scores. Jens Ludwig and Jacob Vigdor demonstrate that the period of greatest progress in closing the gap coincided with the historic push for school desegregation in the 1960s and 1970s. Stagnation came after efforts to integrate schools slowed down. Today, the test score gap is nearly 50 percent larger in states with the highest levels of school segregation. Katherine Magnuson, Dan Rosenbaum, and Jane Waldfogel show how parents' level of education affects children's academic performance: as educational attainment for black parents increased in the 1970s and 1980s, the gap in children's test scores narrowed. Sean Corcoran and William Evans present evidence that teachers of black students have less experience and are less satisfied in their careers than teachers of white students. David Grissmer and Elizabeth Eiseman find that the effects of economic deprivation on cognitive and emotional development in early childhood lead to a racial divide in school readiness on the very first day of kindergarten. Looking ahead, Helen Ladd stresses that the task of narrowing the divide is not one that can or should be left to schools alone. Progress will resume only when policymakers address the larger social and economic forces behind the problem. Ronald Ferguson masterfully interweaves the volume's chief findings to highlight the fact that the achievement gap is the cumulative effect of many different processes operating in different contexts. The gap in black and white test scores is one of the most salient features of racial inequality today. Steady Gains and Stalled Progress provides the detailed information and powerful insight we need to understand a complicated past and design a better future.

The Black-white Test Score Gap

Author : Christopher Jencks
Publisher : Brookings Inst Press
ISBN 13 : 9780815746102
Total Pages : 523 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (461 download)

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Book Synopsis The Black-white Test Score Gap by : Christopher Jencks

Download or read book The Black-white Test Score Gap written by Christopher Jencks and published by Brookings Inst Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book offers a comprehensive look at the factors that contribute to the test score gap and discusses options for substantially reducing it. Jencks and Phillips argue that eliminating the disparity would dramatically reduce economic and educational inequality between blacks and whites. Indeed, they think closing the gap would do more to promote racial equality than any strategy now under serious discussion.

Harming the Best

Author : Eric Alan Hanushek
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Harming the Best by : Eric Alan Hanushek

Download or read book Harming the Best written by Eric Alan Hanushek and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sizeable achievement differences by race appear in early grades, but substantial uncertainty exists about the impact of school quality on the black-white achievement gap and particularly about its evolution across different parts of the achievement distribution. Texas administrative data show that the overall growth in the achievement gap between third and eighth grade is higher for students with higher initial achievement and that specific teacher and peer characteristics including teacher experience and peer racial composition explain a substantial share of the widening. The adverse effect of attending school with a high black enrollment share appears to be an important contributor to the larger growth in the achievement differential in the upper part of the test score distribution. This evidence reaffirms the major role played by peers and school quality, but also presents a policy dilemma. Teacher labor market complications, current housing patterns, legal limits in segregation efforts, and uncertainty about the overall effects of specific desegregation programs indicate that effective policy responses will almost certainly involve a set of school improvements beyond simple changes in peer racial composition and the teacher experience distribution.

Names, Expectations and the Black-White Test Score Gap

Author : David N. Figlio
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (254 download)

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Book Synopsis Names, Expectations and the Black-White Test Score Gap by : David N. Figlio

Download or read book Names, Expectations and the Black-White Test Score Gap written by David N. Figlio and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This paper investigates the question of whether teachers treat children differentially on the basis of factors other than observed ability, and whether this differential treatment in turn translates into differences in student outcomes. I suggest that teachers may use a child's name as a signal of unobserved parental contributions to that child's education, and expect less from children with names that "sound" like they were given by uneducated parents. These names, empirically, are given most frequently by blacks, but they are also given by white and Hispanic parents as well. I utilize a detailed dataset from a large Florida school district to directly test the hypothesis that teachers and school administrators expect less on average of children with names associated with low socio-economic status, and these diminished expectations in turn lead to reduced student cognitive performance. Comparing pairs of siblings, I find that teachers tend to treat children differently depending on their names, and that these same patterns apparently translate into large differences in test scores"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.

Black-White Achievement Gap and Family Wealth. National Poverty Center Working Paper Series #07-02

Author : W. Jean Yeung
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Black-White Achievement Gap and Family Wealth. National Poverty Center Working Paper Series #07-02 by : W. Jean Yeung

Download or read book Black-White Achievement Gap and Family Wealth. National Poverty Center Working Paper Series #07-02 written by W. Jean Yeung and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the extent to which family wealth affects the race-child achievement association for young children based on data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We found little evidence that wealth mediates the black-white test scores gap. However, liquid assets, particularly holding in stocks and mutual funds, are positively associated with school-aged children's test scores. We speculate that this may partly reflect unmeasured personality traits of the parents such as a stronger future orientation or the financial savvy. We also found that the association was mediated through both material deprivation and family processes pathways. We made an attempt to strengthen the causal inference between wealth and children's test scores with the instrumental variable approach, the results were nevertheless inconclusive. (Contains 11 tables.).

Evidence that Schools Can Narrow the Black-white Test Score Gap

Author : Ronald F. Ferguson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (382 download)

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Book Synopsis Evidence that Schools Can Narrow the Black-white Test Score Gap by : Ronald F. Ferguson

Download or read book Evidence that Schools Can Narrow the Black-white Test Score Gap written by Ronald F. Ferguson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Closing the Black-White Achievement Gap in High School

Author : Meryle Weinstein
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Closing the Black-White Achievement Gap in High School by : Meryle Weinstein

Download or read book Closing the Black-White Achievement Gap in High School written by Meryle Weinstein and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we review policy levers that could potentially help close the achievement gap between African-American and white high school students, and draw on the literature to glean recommendations for superintendents, principals and education policy makers. We address, in turn: Policies to recruit and train teachers; policies to improve attendance, discipline and relationships among students and adults; policies to provide additional services to students; policies to increase the types of schools available to African-American teens; policies to engage parents and communities; and policies to effectively use data. In the end, students of all races benefit from good educational practices, adequate resources and strong support. Policies and interventions to improve the performance of African-American students will overlap significantly with those that would improve the performance of students of other races.

The Relationship Between Achievement, Discipline, and Race

Author : Russell Skiba
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Achievement, Discipline, and Race by : Russell Skiba

Download or read book The Relationship Between Achievement, Discipline, and Race written by Russell Skiba and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous research has suggested that increased use of school suspension and expulsion may be associated with increased risk of dropout and lower achievement. Part of the purpose of school discipline is to maintain school climates conducive to learning. This paper describes analyses exploring the relationship between school use of out of- school suspension and achievement outcomes in one Midwestern state. A combination of factors, including poverty, race, and school rate of out-of-school suspension are able to significantly predict school passing rates on Indiana State Test of Educational Progress (ISTEP). Thus, regardless of demographic factors, schools with a higher rate of out-of-school suspension have lower percentages of students who pass ISTEP. Moreover, by examining these factors simultaneously, it is clear that lower passing rates for African American students are not solely due to the effect of poverty, but that race makes a contribution of its own to average passing ISTEP scores. The increasing influence of race from elementary to secondary school analyses is similar to previous research in this area, and suggests an increasing contribution of schooling over time to the black-white test score gap. (Contains 3 endnotes, 1 figure, and 1 table.) [This document was produced by the Center for Evaluation & Education Policy.].

Policy Instruments for Environmental and Natural Resource Management

Author : Thomas Professor Sterner
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136522344
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Policy Instruments for Environmental and Natural Resource Management by : Thomas Professor Sterner

Download or read book Policy Instruments for Environmental and Natural Resource Management written by Thomas Professor Sterner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Thomas Sterner points out, the economic 'toolkit' for dealing with environmental problems has become formidable. It includes taxes, charges, permits, deposit-refund systems, labeling, and other information disclosure mechanisms. Though not all these devices are widely used, empirical application has started within some sectors, and we are beginning to see the first systematic efforts at an advanced policy design that takes due account of market-based incentives. Sterner‘s book encourages more widespread and careful use of economic policy instruments. Intended primarily for application in developing and transitional countries, the book compares the accumulated experiences of the use of economic policy instruments in the U.S. and Europe, as well as in select rich and poor countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Ambitious in scope, the book discusses the design of instruments that can be employed in a wide range of contexts, including transportation, industrial pollution, water pricing, waste, fisheries, forests, and agriculture. Policy Instruments for Environmental and Natural Resource Management is deeply rooted in economics but also informed by perspectives drawn from political, legal, ecological, and psychological research. Sterner notes that, in addition to meeting requirements for efficiency, the selection and design of policy instruments must satisfy criteria involving equity and political acceptability. He is careful to distinguish between the well-designed plans of policymakers and the resulting behavior of society. A copublication of Resources for the Future, the World Bank, and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida).

Payments for Environmental Services

Author : Sven Wunder
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Payments for Environmental Services by : Sven Wunder

Download or read book Payments for Environmental Services written by Sven Wunder and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Catholic Schools and the Common Good

Author : Anthony S. BRYK
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674029038
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Catholic Schools and the Common Good by : Anthony S. BRYK

Download or read book Catholic Schools and the Common Good written by Anthony S. BRYK and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors examine a broad range of Catholic high schools to determine whether or not students are better educated in these schools than they are in public schools. They find that the Catholic schools do have an independent effect on achievement, especially in reducing disparities between disadvantaged and privileged students. The Catholic school of today, they show, is informed by a vision, similar to that of John Dewey, of the school as a community committed to democratic education and the common good of all students.

Incentives to Sustain Forest Ecosystem Services

Author : Ivan Bond
Publisher : IIED
ISBN 13 : 1843697424
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (436 download)

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Book Synopsis Incentives to Sustain Forest Ecosystem Services by : Ivan Bond

Download or read book Incentives to Sustain Forest Ecosystem Services written by Ivan Bond and published by IIED. This book was released on 2009 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Government of Norway, through its International Climate and Forest Initiative, will allocate up to NOK3 billion (approximately US $430 million) a year between 2009 and 2012 to mitigate greenhouse gases produced by land-use change. An assessment of the utility of payments for ecosystem services as a tool for REDD was commissioned by the Norwegian Minister for the Environment and International Development to inform the International Climate and Forest Initiative. This document represents a summary of ten papers which made up the assessment."--Résumé de l'éditeur.