Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Scatter Correction Of 4d Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images For Respiratory Phase Dependent Proton Dose Calculation
Download Scatter Correction Of 4d Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images For Respiratory Phase Dependent Proton Dose Calculation full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Scatter Correction Of 4d Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images For Respiratory Phase Dependent Proton Dose Calculation ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Scatter Correction of 4D Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images for Respiratory Phase-dependent Proton Dose Calculation by : Henning Peter Schmitz
Download or read book Scatter Correction of 4D Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images for Respiratory Phase-dependent Proton Dose Calculation written by Henning Peter Schmitz and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scatter Correction and 4D Reconstruction of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) with a Moving Blocker by : Cong Zhao (Ph.D.)
Download or read book Scatter Correction and 4D Reconstruction of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) with a Moving Blocker written by Cong Zhao (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Come-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is being widely used as an image guidance tool in radiation therapy nowadays. The quality of CBCT image is important to localize and delineate the tumor and to define relevant volumes when the patient is in the treatment position. However, there are several factors that can deteriorate the image quality of CBCT. The large amount of scatter signal due to the use of the flat panel detector (FPD) is a major factor and greatly degrades the quality of reconstruction images. Another major factor is the respiratory motion of the patient, which can cause severe motion blurring artifacts. Although four dimensional (4D) CBCT has been developed to reduce the motion artifacts, it increases the radiation dose in order to get satisfactory reconstruction images as the conventional phase-by-phase reconstruction for 4D CBCT requires more projection data than 3D CBCT. In this dissertation, we propose some methods to address these problems.After the brief introduction of CBCT, the factors that deteriorate the CBCT image quality and the existing studies are reviewed. Next, the moving blocker scatter correction method for CBCT is introduced and its optimization using different deconvolution methods is investigated through a simulation study and a slanted-edge experimental study. A robust moving blocker scatter correction method is further developed, which uses multiple adjacent projection views to estimate a more accurate scatter distribution.Finally, 4D CBCT with a moving blocker is developed for simultaneous dose reduction and scatter correction. The effectiveness of the proposed scatter correction and 4D reconstruction methods is demonstrated either by simulations of digital phantoms or real phantom and clinical CBCT data.
Book Synopsis 4D Modeling and Estimation of Respiratory Motion for Radiation Therapy by : Jan Ehrhardt
Download or read book 4D Modeling and Estimation of Respiratory Motion for Radiation Therapy written by Jan Ehrhardt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Respiratory motion causes an important uncertainty in radiotherapy planning of the thorax and upper abdomen. The main objective of radiation therapy is to eradicate or shrink tumor cells without damaging the surrounding tissue by delivering a high radiation dose to the tumor region and a dose as low as possible to healthy organ tissues. Meeting this demand remains a challenge especially in case of lung tumors due to breathing-induced tumor and organ motion where motion amplitudes can measure up to several centimeters. Therefore, modeling of respiratory motion has become increasingly important in radiation therapy. With 4D imaging techniques spatiotemporal image sequences can be acquired to investigate dynamic processes in the patient’s body. Furthermore, image registration enables the estimation of the breathing-induced motion and the description of the temporal change in position and shape of the structures of interest by establishing the correspondence between images acquired at different phases of the breathing cycle. In radiation therapy these motion estimations are used to define accurate treatment margins, e.g. to calculate dose distributions and to develop prediction models for gated or robotic radiotherapy. In this book, the increasing role of image registration and motion estimation algorithms for the interpretation of complex 4D medical image sequences is illustrated. Different 4D CT image acquisition techniques and conceptually different motion estimation algorithms are presented. The clinical relevance is demonstrated by means of example applications which are related to the radiation therapy of thoracic and abdominal tumors. The state of the art and perspectives are shown by an insight into the current field of research. The book is addressed to biomedical engineers, medical physicists, researchers and physicians working in the fields of medical image analysis, radiology and radiation therapy.
Book Synopsis Dependence of Imaging Dose on Free-breathing Cone-beam Computed Tomography of Dynamic Tumors by : Kevin Ikaika Kauweloa
Download or read book Dependence of Imaging Dose on Free-breathing Cone-beam Computed Tomography of Dynamic Tumors written by Kevin Ikaika Kauweloa and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation therapy treatment planning for patients with dynamic tumors, such as lung cancer, is often performed using four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) due to the presence of breathing respiratory motion. All potential locations of the tumor during its motion create the internal target volume (ITV), and 4DCT is used to define it. Since the method of treating the ITV is designed during the treatment planning stage, the correct positioning of the patient and the localization of the ITV, on the day of treatment, is critical in ensuring an effective treatment. In practice, most patients have breathing patterns where its amplitude, period, and inhalation-to-exhalation (I/E) ratio vary throughout time hence the breathing pattern during the 4DCT could differ from the breathing pattern on the day of treatment. That increases the uncertainty in the defined ITV which leads to possible inaccuracies in patient positioning and radiation beam setup. Currently, in-room cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is used immediately before treatment, due to the patient's inconsistent breathing, to define and localize the ITV. If any differences exist between the 4DCT and CBCT images, the treatment plan is updated. Unfortunately, CBCT provides images of mediocre quality when scanning dynamic targets, images which include dynamic artifacts. That flaw leads to further uncertainty within the defined ITV. Four-dimensional (4D) CBCT has been created and has been shown to be as effective as 4DCT, but is not in practice due to the needed increase in CT projections which will lead to an increase in the patient imaging dose if current high-dose settings are unchanged. Most clinics set the CBCT scans to its highest-dose settings (125kVp, 80mA, 25ms/frame) due to it providing the best image-quality when compared to images using lower-dose settings. In this work, low-dose CBCT parameters (110kVp, 20mA, 20ms/frame) were used to acquire images of a 3cm diameter sphere moving in accordance to 30 simulated sinusoidal breathing patterns. The low-dose CBCT images were quantitatively/qualitatively compared with the high-dose CBCT images to see if using low-dose CBCT parameters would have a significant impact on the defined ITV. In the quantitative analysis, the greatest percent reduction in ITV-contrast when going from high-dose to low-dose was found to be 10.1052% for a breathing pattern with I/E ratio of 0.2131. The overall percent change of the ITV-contrast, going from high-dose to low-dose images, was 5.2047±6.490%. In the qualitative analysis, when using the true ITV as reference with respect to the defined ITV in the low-dose and high-dose CBCT images, the ITV underestimation was found to vary by 5.2237%-11.573% for 1cm amplitude and 9.2285%-34.776% for 3cm amplitude. The percent difference between the defined ITV of the high-dose and low-dose CBCT images was 0.5220±0.5398%. Due to the insignificant difference between the defined ITV of the high-dose and low-dose images, acquiring more projections using low-dose CBCT parameters to apply 4DCBCT scans is clinically viable.
Book Synopsis 4D Image Verification by : Christian Schaller
Download or read book 4D Image Verification written by Christian Schaller and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-05 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diploma Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Computer Science - Applied, grade: 1,0, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (Lehrstuhl für Mustererkennung), language: English, abstract: Far reaching developments and technical advances took place within the field of radiotherapy in the last years. Radiotherapy within the chest and abdomen area is especially important in the field of radiotherapy. Within this regions, organ and tumor positions are significantly affected by patient respiration. The tumor motion, caused due to respiration is compensated by extending the treated area. This extension covers all possible positions of the tumor and therefore also includes healthy tissue. Several clinical studies provide evidence of a survival advantage for higher dose levels. To spare a maximum of healthy tissue physicians use 'gated radiotherapy'. Common recent approaches for gated radiotherapy are based on the observation of a surrogate. This either can be an implanted fiducial marker or an external signal, which is trying to capture the patients' respiration. Within this thesis principles and methods of 'gated radiotherapy' are described. Additionally an overview of recent patents and products related to radiotherapy are presented and advantages and disadvantages of both common approaches are discussed. This discussion leads to a new developed method, which is introduced. The method joins advantages of both known methods but disregards their disadvantages. The developed algorithm is using image guided methods and methods of medical image processing. A mapping between a 4D-CT planning volume and a most recent acquired fluoroscopic sequence of the same patient is calculated before treatment. Using this mapping and an external breathing signal the physician can define gating intervals and treat the patient in certain breathing phases. The developed algorithm is included in an existing prototype developed by Siemens Corporate Research (SCR) in Princeton, NJ
Book Synopsis Novel Methods to Address Data Truncation Artifacts and Streaking Artifacts in 4D Cone-beam Computed Tomography by : Shuai Leng
Download or read book Novel Methods to Address Data Truncation Artifacts and Streaking Artifacts in 4D Cone-beam Computed Tomography written by Shuai Leng and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cone-beam Computed Tomography by : David Matthew Giles
Download or read book Cone-beam Computed Tomography written by David Matthew Giles and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Image-based Respiratory Motion Extraction and Respiration-correlated Cone Beam Ct (4d-cbct) Reconstruction by : Salam Dhou
Download or read book Image-based Respiratory Motion Extraction and Respiration-correlated Cone Beam Ct (4d-cbct) Reconstruction written by Salam Dhou and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accounting for respiration motion during imaging helps improve targeting precision in radiation therapy. Respiratory motion can be a major source of error in determining the position of thoracic and upper abdominal tumor targets during radiotherapy. Thus, extracting respiratory motion is a key task in radiation therapy planning. Respiration-correlated or four-dimensional CT (4DCT) imaging techniques have been recently integrated into imaging systems for verifying tumor position during treatment and managing respiration-induced tissue motion. The quality of the 4D reconstructed volumes is highly affected by the respiratory signal extracted and the phase sorting method used. This thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, two image-based respiratory signal extraction methods are proposed and evaluated. Those methods are able to extract the respiratory signals from CBCT images without using external sources, implanted markers or even dependence on any structure in the images such as the diaphragm. The first method, called Local Intensity Feature Tracking (LIFT), extracts the respiratory signal depending on feature points extracted and tracked through the sequence of projections. The second method, called Intensity Flow Dimensionality Reduction (IFDR), detects the respiration signal by computing the optical flow motion of every pixel in each pair of adjacent projections. Then, the motion variance in the optical flow dataset is extracted using linear and non-linear dimensionality reduction techniques to represent a respiratory signal. Experiments conducted on clinical datasets showed that the respiratory signal was successfully extracted using both proposed methods and it correlates well with standard respiratory signals such as diaphragm position and the internal markers' signal. In the second part of this thesis, 4D-CBCT reconstruction based on different phase sorting techniques is studied. The quality of the 4D reconstructed images is evaluated and compared for different phase sorting methods such as internal markers, external markers and image-based methods (LIFT and IFDR). Also, a method for generating additional projections to be used in 4D-CBCT reconstruction is proposed to reduce the artifacts that result when reconstructing from an insufficient number of projections. Experimental results showed that the feasibility of the proposed method in recovering the edges and reducing the streak artifacts.
Book Synopsis Estimating Respiratory Motion from CT Images Via Deformable Models and Priors by : Rongping Zeng
Download or read book Estimating Respiratory Motion from CT Images Via Deformable Models and Priors written by Rongping Zeng and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Monte-Carlo-Based 4D-Dose Calculator And Robust Optimizer For A Pencil-Beam Scanning Proton-Therapy System by : Mark Pepin
Download or read book A Monte-Carlo-Based 4D-Dose Calculator And Robust Optimizer For A Pencil-Beam Scanning Proton-Therapy System written by Mark Pepin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purpose: To assist 4D treatment planning for spot-scanned-delivered protons in the presence of respiration by developing Monte-Carlo based 4D packages for dose calculation and robust optimization.Methods: A GPU-based platform was created to calculate 4D dose from an input treatment plan to assess the planu2019s stability under patient breathing as characterized by 4DCT. The 4D calculation began with a beam-delivery simulation which divided the planned spots across the breathing phases. An in-house Monte Carlo dose engine was then used to calculate sub-doses on each of the breathing phases. The sub-doses were then summed onto the end-exhalation phase (EE) using deformable-image-registration based accumulation techniques. The beam-delivery simulation and dose-accumulation algorithms were incorporated into a robust optimization engine. The doses from potential spots were calculated and deformed to the EE before being accumulated as a weighted sum, with the weights dictated by beam-delivery simulations. The 4D doses were affected by beam-delivery uncertainties due to variable breathing and delivery parameters; these uncertainties were included in the optimization algorithm as robust scenarios in addition to range and setup uncertainties.Results: The uncertainties from the beam-delivery simulation led to moderate variations in the dose-volume histograms of clinical target volumes (CTVs) as seen in Figure 1 from the calculator. The optimizer converges, as in Figure 2, even with updating the phase weighting periodically to account for updated spot weights.Conclusions: A 4D dose calculator and robust optimizer were developed based on Monte Carlo calculated dose, realistic simulations of the proton delivery, and deformable-image-registration based dose accumulation.
Book Synopsis Blocker-based Scatter Correction for Cone-beam Computed Tomography by : Cong Zhao
Download or read book Blocker-based Scatter Correction for Cone-beam Computed Tomography written by Cong Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging is widely used in radiation therapy for treatment planning and image-guided therapy. More x-ray scatter signals are detected by the two-dimensional detector arrays in CBCT than by the one-dimensional detector arrays in fan-beam CT (FBCT). Therefore, scatter contamination significantly degrades the image quality in CBCT and must be corrected for satisfying image quality. Among numerous scatter correction (SC) methods of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), the use of lead-strip blockers is low-cost and easy to implement and holds potential to significantly lower patient radiation dose. In such a method, the signal in the blocked regions is assumed to be the scatter signal and can be used to estimate the scatter signal in the unblocked region. However, this assumption is often violated because of the penumbra effect and detector response effect. In this study, we first investigated a moving-blocker based method to simultaneously estimate the scatter signal and reconstruct the complete volume within the field of view (FOV) from a single CBCT scan. Then we proposed to use deconvolution algorithms to improve scatter estimation of the moving-blocker method. A slanted edge method was used to estimate the point spread function (PSF) of the flat panel detector. The parametric PSF was used in simulation studies to deconvolve the blurred projection image to remove the finite x-ray source and the detector response effect and to get cleaner scatter signal in the blocked regions. Our results showed that with laborious parameter tuning, the scatter-induced shading artifacts are substantially reduced in CBCT, and the CT number errors in the selected regions of interest are greatly reduced using the moving-blocker method. The detector response function can be reliably measured and calculated using the slanted edge method. The deconvolved projection image shows better quality, more accurate intensity profiles, and much reduced overall root mean square errors compared to the blurred image in the simulation study. Our experiment results further demonstrate that Wiener and Richardson-Lucy deconvolution methods can significantly improve the scatter estimation compared to the direct inverse filtering method. Finally, The PSF derived from the slanted edge experiment does not take the penumbra effect into account, and the air-scan data from the CBCT projection images of moving blockers fail to derive a reliable PSF. An experiment to determine the combined penumbra and detector response effect and the ultimate effectiveness of deconvolution methods on scatter correction of CBCT reconstruction will be investigated in future work.
Book Synopsis Optimizing Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) System for Image Guided Radiation Therapy by : Chun Joo Park
Download or read book Optimizing Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) System for Image Guided Radiation Therapy written by Chun Joo Park and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) system is the most widely used imaging device in image guided radiation therapy (IGRT), where set of 3D volumetric image of patient can be reconstructed to identify and correct position setup errors prior to the radiation treatment. This CBCT system can significantly improve precision of on-line setup errors of patient position and tumor target localization prior to the treatment. However, there are still a number of issues that needs to be investigated with CBCT system such as 1) progressively increasing defective pixels in imaging detectors by its frequent usage, 2) hazardous radiation exposure to patients during the CBCT imaging, 3) degradation of image quality due to patients' respiratory motion when CBCT is acquired and 4) unknown knowledge of certain anatomical features such as liver, due to lack of soft-tissue contrast which makes tumor motion verification challenging. In this dissertation, we explore on optimizing the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) system under such circumstances. We begin by introducing general concept of IGRT. We then present the development of automated defective pixel detection algorithm for X-ray imagers that is used for CBCT imaging using wavelet analysis. We next investigate on developing fast and efficient low-dose volumetric reconstruction techniques which includes 1) fast digital tomosynthesis reconstruction using general-purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU) programming and 2) fast low-dose CBCT image reconstruction based on the Gradient-Projection-Barzilai-Borwein formulation (GP-BB). We further developed two efficient approaches that could reduce the degradation of CBCT images from respiratory motion. First, we propose reconstructing four dimensional (4D) CBCT and DTS using respiratory signal extracted from fiducial markers implanted in liver. Second, novel motion-map constrained image reconstruction (MCIR) is proposed that allows reconstruction of high quality and high phase resolution 4DCBCT images with no more than the imaging dose used in a standard Free Breathing 3DCBCT (FB-3DCBCT) scan. Finally, we demonstrate a method to analyze motion characteristics of liver that are particularly important for image guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (IG-SBRT). It is anticipated that all the approaches proposed in this study, which are both technically and clinically feasible, will allow much improvement in IGRT process.
Book Synopsis Interpretation Basics of Cone Beam Computed Tomography by : Shawneen M. Gonzalez
Download or read book Interpretation Basics of Cone Beam Computed Tomography written by Shawneen M. Gonzalez and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-10-18 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interpretation Basics of Cone Beam Computed Tomography is an easy-to-use guide to Cone Beam CT technology for general dental practitioners and dental students. It covers normal anatomy, common anatomical variants, and incidental findings that practitioners must be familiar with when interpreting CBCT scans. In addition to functioning as an identification guide, the book presents and discusses sample reports illustrating how to use this information in day-to-day clinical practice. Organized by anatomical regions, the book is easy to navigate and features multiple images of examples discussed. It also includes a valuable section on legal issues surrounding this new technology, essential for informed and appropriate use.
Book Synopsis Scatter Artifact Correction in Cone-beam CT Images by : Peter Watson
Download or read book Scatter Artifact Correction in Cone-beam CT Images written by Peter Watson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images suffer from poor image quality, in a large part due to scattered x-rays. In this work, a fast and accurate Monte Carlo based scatter correction algorithm was implemented on real CBCT data. A fast Monte Carlo simulation developed in the EGSnrc framework was used to transport photons through an uncorrected CBCT scan. From the simulation output, the contribution from both primary and scattered photons for each projection image was estimated. Using these estimates, a subtractive scatter correction was performed on the CBCT projection data. Implementation of the scatter correction algorithm on CBCT phantom scans was shown to help mitigate scatter-induced artifacts, such as cupping and streaking. The scatter corrected images were also shown to have improved accuracy in reconstructed attenuation coefficient values. These results suggest that the proposed scatter correction algorithm is successful in improving image quality in real CBCT images, and are promising results towards the reliable use of CBCT images in adaptive radiotherapy." --
Book Synopsis Atlas of Cone Beam Computed Tomography by : Yaser Safi
Download or read book Atlas of Cone Beam Computed Tomography written by Yaser Safi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-02-14 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive collection of oral and maxillofacial cases using cone beam CT imaging Atlas of Cone Beam Computed Tomography delivers a robust collection of cases using this advanced method of imaging for oral and maxillofacial radiology. The book features over 1,500 high-quality CBCT scans with succinct descriptions covering a wide range of maxillofacial region conditions, including normal anatomy, anomalies, inflammatory diseases, and degenerative diseases. Easy to navigate and featuring multiple images of normal variation and pathologies, the book offers readers guidance on the diagnostic values of CBCT, as well as CBCT images of the inferior alveolar nerve canal, dental implants, temporomandibular joint evaluations, and surgical interventions. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to cone beam computed tomography, including in vivo and in vitro preparation and evaluation, indications in dentistry, and indications in medicine Comprehensive explorations of cone beam computed tomography artefacts and anatomic landmarks Practical discussions of cone beam computed tomography of dental structure, including normal anatomy, anomalies, and the difficulties of eruption In-depth examinations of cone beam computed tomography of pathological growth and development, including maxillofacial congenital and developmental anomalies Perfect for graduate dental students and postgraduate dental students in oral and maxillofacial radiology, Atlas of Cone Beam Computed Tomography is also useful to general dentists, oral and maxillofacial radiologists, head and neck maxillofacial surgeons, head and neck radiologists, general radiologists, and ENT surgeons.
Book Synopsis Scattering Correction in Cone Beam Tomography Using Continuously Thickness-adapted Kernels by : Navnina Bhatia 1990-.....
Download or read book Scattering Correction in Cone Beam Tomography Using Continuously Thickness-adapted Kernels written by Navnina Bhatia 1990-..... and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) typically uses a divergent conebeam source and a large area detector. As a result, there an inevitable increase in the size area of illumination causing an increase in the intensity of X-ray scatter signal, both from the object and the detector. This leads to the violation of prime assumption of reconstruction process which is based on straight line integrals path followed by the photons. Consequently scatter artifacts appear in the reconstruction images as steaks, cupping effect and thus produce wrong reconstruction values. Due to the severity of the reconstruction artifact caused by scatter, many scatter corrections methods have been adopted in literature. The first part of this study, reviews most of the existing scatter correction methods. The effect of scattering becomes more prominent and challenging in case of X-ray source of high energy which is used in industrial Non Destructive Testing (NDT), due to higher scatter to primary ratio (SPR). Therefore, in this study, we propose a continuously thickness-adapted deconvolution approach based on improvements in the Scatter Kernel Superposition (SKS) method. In this method, the scatter kernels are analytically parameterized over the whole thickness range of the object under study to better sample the amplitude and shape of kernels with respect to the thickness. The method is tested for both homogeneous and heterogeneous objects as well as simulated and experimental data. Another important aspect of this study is the comprehensive evaluation of contribution of the detector scatter performed using continuous method by separating the contribution of scatter due to the object and the detector. This is performed by modeling the scatter kernels using a four-Gaussian model. In the first approach, we performed this evaluation based on simulation of kernels from Monte Carlo simulations and the corrections are performed on typical industrial experimental data. The results obtained prove that the scatter correction only due to the object is not sufficient to obtain reconstruction image, free from artifacts, as the detector also scatters considerably. In order to prove this point experimentally and to have a better modeling of the detector, we describe a method based on combination of experiments and simulations to calculate the scatter kernels. The results obtained also prove, the contribution of the detector scattering becomes important and the PSF of the detector is not constant as considered in the studies so far, but it varies to a great extend with the energy spectrum.
Book Synopsis Maxillofacial Cone Beam Computed Tomography by : William C. Scarfe
Download or read book Maxillofacial Cone Beam Computed Tomography written by William C. Scarfe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-04 with total page 1241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a comprehensive description of the fundamental operational principles, technical details of acquiring and specific clinical applications of dental and maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). It covers all clinical considerations necessary for optimal performance in a dental setting. In addition overall and region specific correlative imaging anatomy of the maxillofacial region is described in detail with emphasis on relevant disease. Finally imaging interpretation of CBCT images is presented related to specific clinical applications. This book is the definitive resource for all who refer, perform, interpret or use dental and maxillofacial CBCT including dental clinicians and specialists, radiographers, ENT physicians, head and neck, and oral and maxillofacial radiologists.
