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Sale Of Offices In The Seventeenth Century
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Book Synopsis Sale of Offices in the Seventeenth Century by : Koenraad Wolter Swart
Download or read book Sale of Offices in the Seventeenth Century written by Koenraad Wolter Swart and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The French Monarchy was the dominant power of the seventeenth century. The French armies were victorious on most battlefields and French political institutions were introduced into many countries. Among enemies as well as among friends French literature was admired and French manners were imi~ tated. This glorious period of French history had its seamy aspects, however. 1) France's military triumphs and cultural achievements did not imply a sound political and social structure. One of the most outstanding political abuses was the sale of public offices (venalite des offices), which had become an official institution of the State. Almost all offices, civil as well as military, from the lowest to the highest, were publicly sold either by the officials or by the King himself. Sale of offices is not just another form of corruption. It had serious political implications because it placed power in the hands of officials who were often incapable and unreliable. The bureaucracy, one of the fundamental institutions of the absolute monarchy, was thus deprived of much of its strength. Sale of offices also influenced the social structure of the country because it only gave to wealthy people the opportunity to hold office and excluded other classes. Further, the creation of new offices added to the burden of the taxpayer and had a disas~ trous effect on France's financial system. Finally, the invest~ ment of a large part of the national wealth in unproductive goods affected unfavorably the economic activity of the country.
Book Synopsis Seventeenth-Century Europe by : Thomas Munck
Download or read book Seventeenth-Century Europe written by Thomas Munck and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thematically organised text provides a compelling introduction and guide to the key problems and issues of this highly controversial century. Offering a genuinely comparative history, Thomas Munck adeptly balances Eastern and Southern Europe, Scandinavia, and the Ottoman Empire against the better-known history of France, the British Isles and Spain. Seventeenth-Century Europe - gives full prominence to the political context of the period, arguing that the Thirty Years War is vital to understanding the social and political developments of the early modern period - provides detailed coverage of the debates surrounding the 'general crisis', absolutism and the growth of the state, and the implications these had for townspeople, the peasantry and the poor - examines changes in economic orientation within Europe, as well as continuity and change in mental and cultural traditions at different social levels. Now fully revised, this second edition of a well-established and approachable synthesis features important new material on the Ottomans, Christian-Moslem contacts and on the role of women. The text has also been thoroughly updated to take account of recent research. This is a fully-revised edition of a well-established synthesis of the period from the Thirty Years War to the consolidation of absolute monarchy and the landowning society of the ancien régime. Thematically organised, the book covers all of Europe, from Britain and Scandinavia to Spain and Eastern Europe. Important new material has been added on the Ottomans, on Christian-Moslem contacts and on the role of women, and the text has been thoroughly updated to take account of recent research.
Book Synopsis The Kingdom of Valencia in the Seventeenth Century by : James Casey
Download or read book The Kingdom of Valencia in the Seventeenth Century written by James Casey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-14 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores two major themes in Spanish historiography - the consequences of the expulsion of the Moriscos and the way in which the Habsburg Monarchy kept or lost control over its peripheral provinces.
Book Synopsis The New England Merchants In The Seventeenth Century by : Bernard Bailyn
Download or read book The New England Merchants In The Seventeenth Century written by Bernard Bailyn and published by Read Books Ltd. This book was released on 2013-04-16 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In detail Bailyn here presents the struggle of the merchants to achieve full social recognition as their successes in trade and in such industries as fishing and lumbering offered them avenues to power. Surveying the rise of merchant families, he offers a look in depth of the emergence of a new social group whose interests and changing social position powerfully affected the developing character of American society.
Download or read book Venality written by William Doyle and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In ancien régime France almost all posts of public respsonsibility had to be bought or inherited. In this book, one of the foremost historians of early modern Europe traces the evolution and development of this system.
Book Synopsis Political Corruption by : Michael Johnston
Download or read book Political Corruption written by Michael Johnston and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corruption is once again high on the international policy agenda as a result of globalization, the spread of democracy, and major scandals and reform initiatives. But the concept itself has been a focus for social scientists for many years, and new findings and data take on richer meanings when viewed in the context of long-term developments and enduring conceptual debates. This compendium, a much-enriched version of a work that has been a standard reference in the field since 1970, offers concepts, cases, and fresh evidence for comparative analysis. Building on a nucleus of classic studies laying out the nature and development of the concept of corruption, the book also incorporates recent work on economic, cultural, and linguistic dimensions of the problem, as well as critical analyses of several approaches to reform. While many authors are political scientists, work by historians, economists, and sociologists are strongly represented. Two-thirds of the nearly fifty articles are based either on studies especially written or translated for this volume, or on selected journal literature published in the 1990s. The tendency to treat corruption as merely a synonym for bribery is illuminated by analyses of the diverse terminology and linguistic techniques that help distinguish corruption problems in the major languages. Recent attempts to measure corruption, and to analyze its causes and effects quantitatively are also critically examined. New contributions emphasize especially: corruption phenomena in Asia and Africa; contrasts among region and regime types; comparing U.S. state corruption incidence; European Party finance and corruption; assessments of international corruption rating project; analyses of international corruption control treaties; unintended consequences of anti-corruption efforts. Cumulatively, the book combines description richness, analytical thrust, conceptual awareness, and contextual articulation.
Book Synopsis Censorship and Conflict in Seventeenth-Century England by : Randy Robertson
Download or read book Censorship and Conflict in Seventeenth-Century England written by Randy Robertson and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2015-10-20 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Censorship profoundly affected early modern writing. Censorship and Conflict in Seventeenth-Century England offers a detailed picture of early modern censorship and investigates the pressures that censorship exerted on seventeenth-century authors, printers, and publishers. In the 1600s, Britain witnessed a civil war, the judicial execution of a king, the restoration of his son, and an unremitting struggle among crown, parliament, and people for sovereignty and the right to define “liberty and property.” This battle, sometimes subtle, sometimes bloody, entailed a struggle for the control of language and representation. Robertson offers a richly detailed study of this “censorship contest” and of the craft that writers employed to outflank the licensers. He argues that for most parties, victory, not diplomacy or consensus, was the ultimate goal. This book differs from most recent works in analyzing both the mechanics of early modern censorship and the poetics that the licensing system produced—the forms and pressures of self-censorship. Among the issues that Robertson addresses in this book are the workings of the licensing machinery, the designs of art and obliquity under a regime of censorship, and the involutions of authorship attendant on anonymity.
Book Synopsis Europe in the Seventeenth Century by : Donald Pennington
Download or read book Europe in the Seventeenth Century written by Donald Pennington and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-14 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As before, the second edition of this widely-used survey is in two main parts. The first analyses the major themes of seventeenth-century European history on a continent-wide basis. The second part moves on to outline political, diplomatic and military events in the various states and nations of the time. For the second edition all the chapters have been rewritten to take account of recent scholarship. Moreover, many new topics are discussed: the family; crime; the impact of printing; climate; population and social mobility; Islam in seventeenth-century Europe. Throughout, the book emphasises current lines of research and controversy to illustrate that the history of the period is a process of enquiry and argument rather than incontrovertible fact.
Book Synopsis Public Offices, Personal Demands by : Jan Hartman
Download or read book Public Offices, Personal Demands written by Jan Hartman and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2009-05-05 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public Offices, Personal Demands presents a novel perspective on European politics in the seventeenth-century. Its focus lies on the Dutch Republic, that surprising anomaly, often described as a miracle or enigma, admired by many during this age. This collection of essays explores one of the most fundamental questions of seventeenth-century governance: what makes a person capable for office? Contemporary viewpoints are discussed by a range of scholars from different historical disciplines. As this volume shows, debates about capability and office-holding were by no means restricted to political theorists. Scientists, citizens and merchants all discussed these matters in a similar vein. Nor was this heated discussion about who was fit govern a typically Dutch phenomenon. Because of its multifaceted and international approach, this book will appeal to both scholars and students in the fields of cultural and social history, the history of political thought, the history of early modern politics, and the history of science.
Book Synopsis The French Nobility in the Eighteenth Century by : Jay M. Smith
Download or read book The French Nobility in the Eighteenth Century written by Jay M. Smith and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2006-09-26 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historians have long been fascinated by the nobility in pre-Revolutionary France. What difference did nobles make in French society? What role did they play in the coming of the Revolution? In this book, a group of prominent French historians shows why the nobility remains a vital topic for understanding France’s past. The French Nobility in the Eighteenth Century appears some thirty years after the publication of the most sweeping and influential “revisionist” assessment of the French nobility, Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret’s La noblesse au dix-huitième siècle. The contributors to this volume incorporate the important lessons of Chaussinand-Nogaret’s revisionism but also reexamine the assumptions on which that revisionism was based. At the same time, they consider what has been gained or lost through the adoption of new methods of inquiry in the intervening years. Where, in other words, should the nobility fit into the twenty-first century’s narrative about eighteenth-century France? The French Nobility in the Eighteenth Century will interest not only specialists of the eighteenth century, the French Revolution, and modern European history but also those concerned with the differences in, and the developing tensions between, the methods of social and cultural history. In addition to the editor, the contributors are Rafe Blaufarb, Gail Bossenga, Mita Choudhury, Jonathan Dewald, Doina Pasca Harsanyi, Thomas E. Kaiser, Michael Kwass, Robert M. Schwartz, John Shovlin, and Johnson Kent Wright.
Book Synopsis State and Provincial Society in the Ottoman Empire by : Dina Rizk Khoury
Download or read book State and Provincial Society in the Ottoman Empire written by Dina Rizk Khoury and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-05-16 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An interpretation of relations between the central Ottoman Empire and provincial Iraqi society in the early modern period.
Book Synopsis Officers, Nobles and Revolutionaries by : William Doyle
Download or read book Officers, Nobles and Revolutionaries written by William Doyle and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 1995-07-01 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1950s a once-dominant interpretation of the French revolution has fallen to pieces. Elaborated by generations of distinguished left-wing French historians, this version was gradually undermined by the piecemeal criticisms of English-speaking scholars. Many of their doubts, and the controversies which they provoked, appeared in articles scattered over a wide range of learned journals and conference proceedings. This collection brings together the more important contributions of one of the leading British participants in these debates. Some of the essays explore the motivations and achievements of the old monarchy's aristocratic opponents. Others probe the development of venality of offices, one of the old regime's most distinctive institutions. A wide range of revolutionary reforms, their motivations and results, are also examined, and some of the achievements of a generation of revisionism in this field are reviewed.
Book Synopsis Custom, Law, and Monarchy by : Marie Seong-Hak Kim
Download or read book Custom, Law, and Monarchy written by Marie Seong-Hak Kim and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Custom, Law, and Monarchy explores how law evolved in early modern France, from an amalgam of customs, Roman and canon law, royal edicts, and judicial decisions, to the unified Civil Code of 1804. In exploring the history of this codification of law, Marie Seong-Hak Kim lays out a new way of understanding French history.
Book Synopsis Lineages of the Absolutist State by : Perry Anderson
Download or read book Lineages of the Absolutist State written by Perry Anderson and published by Verso. This book was released on 1979 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It begins with an enquiry into the reasons why the divergent social conditions in the more backward half of the continent should have produced political forms apparently similar to those of the more advanced West. The peculiarities, as well as affinities, of Eastern Absolutism as a distinct type of royal state, are examined. The variegated monarchies of Prussia, Austria and Russia are surveyed, and the lessons asked of the counter-example of Poland. Finally, the structure of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans is taken as an external gauge by which the singularity of Absolutism as a European phenomenon is assessed. The work ends with some observations on the special position occupied by European development within universal history, which draws themes from both Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism and Lineages of the Absolutist State together into a single argument -- within their common limits --
Book Synopsis The Age of Reconnaissance by : John Horace Parry
Download or read book The Age of Reconnaissance written by John Horace Parry and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1981 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the period during which Europe discovered the rest of the world, beginning with the mid-fifteenth century and ending 250 years later when the "Reconnaissance" was all but complete. The author examines the inducements--political, economic, religious--to overseas enterprise at the time, and analyzes the nature and problems of the various European settlements in the new lands.
Book Synopsis Mexico: Volume 2, The Colonial Era by : Alan Knight
Download or read book Mexico: Volume 2, The Colonial Era written by Alan Knight and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-10-07 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2002 book, the second in a three-volume history of Mexico, covers the period 1521 to 1821.
Book Synopsis Emergence of a Bureaucracy by : R. Burr Litchfield
Download or read book Emergence of a Bureaucracy written by R. Burr Litchfield and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Burr Litchfield traces the development of the patrician elite of Florence from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries, the growth of a bureaucratic state in Tuscany during this period, and the changing relationship of the patricians to the state apparatus. His discussion of this largely neglected period of Italian history shows that the elite of the Florentine Renaissance Republic continued as the main component of the urban office-holding aristocracy under the Grand Dukes of Tuscany, and that they had an important role in the transition from Renaissance communal institutions to those of a regional state. Originally published in 1987. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
