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Safety Benefits Of Implementing Adaptive Signal Control Technology
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Book Synopsis Safety Benefits of Implementing Adaptive Signal Control Technology by : Michael Lodes
Download or read book Safety Benefits of Implementing Adaptive Signal Control Technology written by Michael Lodes and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The safety benefits and costs associated with implementing adaptive signal control technology (ASCT) were evaluated in this study. A user-friendly online survey was distributed to 62 agencies that had implemented ASCT in the United States. Twenty-two agencies responded to the survey, providing information about the system type, detection type, and cost of ASCT implementation. These agencies were from city governments (47%), state governments (29%), and county governments (24%). They represented both a wide range of ASCT implementation rates (from 1 to 700 intersections) and five of the most popular ASCT systems.
Book Synopsis Evaluating the Mobility and Safety Benefits of Adaptive Signal Control Technology (ASCT) by : John Herman Kodi
Download or read book Evaluating the Mobility and Safety Benefits of Adaptive Signal Control Technology (ASCT) written by John Herman Kodi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Adaptive Signal Control Technology (ASCT) is a traffic management strategy that optimizes signal timing based on real-time traffic demand. This thesis proposes a comprehensive methodology of quantifying the mobility and safety benefits of the ASCT deployed in the state of Florida. A Bayesian switch-point regression model was proposed to evaluate the mobility benefits of ASCT. The analysis was based on a 3.3-mile corridor along Mayport Road from Atlantic Boulevard to Wonderwood Drive in Jacksonville, Florida. The proposed analysis was used to estimate the possible dates that separate the two operating characteristics, i.e., with and without ASCT. Also, the posterior estimated distributions were used for the Bayesian hypothesis test to investigate if there is a significant difference in the operating characteristics for two scenarios - with and without ASCT. The results revealed that ASCT increases travel speeds by 4% in typical days of the week (Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday) in the northbound direction. However, the implementation of ASCT did not yield a significant increase in travel speed in the southbound direction. In addition, ASCT exhibited more benefits in AM peak in the northbound direction indicating a 7% increase in travel speeds. A Bayesian hypothesis test revealed that there is a significant difference in the operating characteristics between scenarios with and without ASCT. Moreover, an observational before-after Empirical Bayes (EB) with a comparison-group approach was adopted to develop the Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) for certain crash types (total and rear-end crashes) and crash severity levels (fatalities and injury crashes). The CMFs developed were used to quantify the safety benefits of the ASCT. The analysis was based on 42 treatment intersections with ASCT and their corresponding 47 comparison intersections without ASCT. Florida-specific Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) for total and rear-end crashes and for fatal plus injury crashes were also developed. The deployment of ASCT was found to reduce total crashes and rear-end crashes by 5.2% (CMF = 0.948) and 10.6% (CMF = 0.894), respectively. On the other hand, fatal plus injury crashes and PDO crashes were reduced by 6.1% (CMF = 0.939) and 5.4% (CMF = 0.946), respectively, after the ASCT deployment. The CMFs for total crashes and rear-end crashes, and for fatal plus injury crashes and PDO crashes were found to be statistically significant at 95% confidence level. These findings provide researchers and practitioners with an effective means for quantifying the mobility and safety benefits of ASCT, economic appraisal of the ASCT as well as a key consideration to transportation agencies for future ASCT deployment in the state.
Book Synopsis Safety Analysis and Crash Modification Factors of an Adaptive Signal Control Technology Along a Corridor by : Jesus Osorio
Download or read book Safety Analysis and Crash Modification Factors of an Adaptive Signal Control Technology Along a Corridor written by Jesus Osorio and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this study is to determine the safety effectiveness of the adaptive signal control technology (ASCT) SynchroGreen using an observational before and after study applying the Empirical Bayes (EB) method. Both national (HSM) and state specific (Illinois) safety performance functions (SPF) were selected and calibrated for the local conditions. A total of 14 SPFs from the HSM and 3 additional from Illinois were calibrated and crash modification factors (CMF) were developed. For multiple vehicle fatal and injury (FI) crashes at all intersections (four-legged and three-legged combined), the CMF was 0.67, which was not statistically significant at 95 percent confidence level (it was significant at 87 percent). For four-legged-only intersections the CMF was 0.67 as well, which was not significant with 95 percent confidence (it was significant at 85 percent). The 87 and 85 percent are not confidence levels used in practice, however they clearly indicate a decreasing trend in FI crashes due to the implementation of ASCT. For PDO and total crashes, all CMF computed were very close to one indicating no crash reduction due to the implementation of ASCT. The CMF for Illinois KAB crashes (fatal, type A injury, and type B injury crashes combined) was found to be 0.68, which was not significant at 95 percent confidence level (it was significant at 71 percent indicating a decreasing trend in these types of crashes). Paired t-test results showed no reduction in sideswipe same direction, turning, and type B injury crashes. However, angle, rear end, type A and type C injury crashes showed slight decreases that were not significant.
Book Synopsis Developing Crash Modification Factors for Adaptive Signal Control Technologies by : Raul Avelar
Download or read book Developing Crash Modification Factors for Adaptive Signal Control Technologies written by Raul Avelar and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to perform rigorous safety effectiveness evaluations of adaptive signal control technologies (ASCTs) used on urban corridors. To accomplish the goal of this study, the research team compiled safety data from Florida, Texas, and Virginia. Results from Florida and Texas did not offer statistical evidence of a change in safety derived from implementing ASCTs, except for a statistically large and significant reduction in rear end crashes (0.560 crash modification factor (CMF)). Conversely, the results from Virginia produced evidence of significant reductions in total crashes (a 13.3-percent reduction, or 0.867 CMF, at the 10-percent significance level), fatal and severe crashes (a 35.8-percent reduction, or 0.642 CMF, at the 5-percent significance level), and angle crashes (39.6-percent reduction, or 0.604 CMF, at the 5-percent significance level). The research team also conducted an economic evaluation that considered two scenarios: one in which the safety benefit estimated from the Virginia analysis is realized and one in which no measurable safety effect is realized (the worst-case outcome observed in this study), but operational benefits accrue after ASCT installation. When assuming a 13.3-percent reduction in total crashes, the benefit—cost (B/C) ratio was estimated as 65.56. When assuming no safety benefit derived from ASCT installations, the B/C ratio estimate reduced to 25.46. Data were analyzed using multiple estimation methods, including empirical Bayes, full Bayes, and interrupted time series with generalized estimating equations.
Book Synopsis Safety Benefits of Adaptive Traffic Control Systems by : Joshua Adam Fink
Download or read book Safety Benefits of Adaptive Traffic Control Systems written by Joshua Adam Fink and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite seeing widespread usage worldwide, adaptive traffic control systems have experienced relatively little use in the United States. Of the systems used, the Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System is the most popular in America. Safety benefits of these systems are not as well understood nor as commonly documented due to the challenges in acquiring safety statistics out of common microsimulation processes. This study investigates the safety benefits of adaptive traffic control systems by using the large SCATS-based system in Oakland County, MI known as FAST-TRAC. This study uses data from FAST-TRAC controlled intersections in Oakland County and compares a wide variety of geometric, traffic, and crash characteristics to similar intersections in metropolitan areas elsewhere in Michigan. Data from 498 intersections are used to conduct a cross-sectional analysis. Negative binomial models are used to estimate models for three dependent crash variables. Multinomial logit and ordered probit models are used to estimate models for an injury severity dependent model. A variable tracking the presence of FAST-TRAC controllers at intersections is used in all modeling to determine if a SCATS based system has an impact on crash occurrences or crash severity. It is found to be statistically significant in 8 models. Estimates show angle crashes could be reduced by up to 19.3% at intersections with SCATS based controllers.
Book Synopsis Balancing Safety and Capacity in an Adaptive Signal Control System--phase I by : Ziad A. Sabra
Download or read book Balancing Safety and Capacity in an Adaptive Signal Control System--phase I written by Ziad A. Sabra and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems by : Lipika Deka
Download or read book Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems written by Lipika Deka and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-07-30 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems provides current and future researchers, developers and practitioners with the latest thinking on the emerging interdisciplinary field of Transportation Cyber Physical Systems (TCPS). The book focuses on enhancing efficiency, reducing environmental stress, and meeting societal demands across the continually growing air, water and land transportation needs of both people and goods. Users will find a valuable resource that helps accelerate the research and development of transportation and mobility CPS-driven innovation for the security, reliability and stability of society at-large. The book integrates ideas from Transport and CPS experts and visionaries, consolidating the latest thinking on the topic. As cars, traffic lights and the built environment are becoming connected and augmented with embedded intelligence, it is important to understand how smart ecosystems that encompass hardware, software, and physical components can help sense the changing state of the real world. Bridges the gap between the transportation, CPS and civil engineering communities Includes numerous examples of practical applications that show how diverse technologies and topics are integrated in practice Examines timely, state-of-the-art topics, such as big data analytics, privacy, cybersecurity and smart cities Shows how TCPS can be developed and deployed, along with its associated challenges Includes pedagogical aids, such as Illustrations of application scenarios, architecture details, tables describing available methods and tools, chapter objectives, and a glossary Contains international contributions from academia, government and industry
Book Synopsis ITS Sensors and Architectures for Traffic Management and Connected Vehicles by : Lawrence A. Klein
Download or read book ITS Sensors and Architectures for Traffic Management and Connected Vehicles written by Lawrence A. Klein and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-08-07 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An intelligent transportation system (ITS) offers considerable opportunities for increasing the safety, efficiency, and predictability of traffic flow and reducing vehicle emissions. Sensors (or detectors) enable the effective gathering of arterial and controlled-access highway information in support of automatic incident detection, active transportation and demand management, traffic-adaptive signal control, and ramp and freeway metering and dispatching of emergency response providers. As traffic flow sensors are integrated with big data sources such as connected and cooperative vehicles, and cell phones and other Bluetooth-enabled devices, more accurate and timely traffic flow information can be obtained. The book examines the roles of traffic management centers that serve cities, counties, and other regions, and the collocation issues that ensue when multiple agencies share the same space. It describes sensor applications and data requirements for several ITS strategies; sensor technologies; sensor installation, initialization, and field-testing procedures; and alternate sources of traffic flow data. The book addresses concerns related to the introduction of automated and connected vehicles, and the benefits that systems engineering and national ITS architectures in the US, Europe, Japan, and elsewhere bring to ITS. Sensor and data fusion benefits to traffic management are described, while the Bayesian and Dempster–Shafer approaches to data fusion are discussed in more detail. ITS Sensors and Architectures for Traffic Management and Connected Vehicles suits the needs of personnel in transportation institutes and highway agencies, and students in undergraduate or graduate transportation engineering courses.
Book Synopsis Safety Analysis and Crach Modification Factors of an Adaptive Signal Control Technology Along a Corridor by : Jesus Osorio
Download or read book Safety Analysis and Crach Modification Factors of an Adaptive Signal Control Technology Along a Corridor written by Jesus Osorio and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis L1 Adaptive Control Theory by : Naira Hovakimyan
Download or read book L1 Adaptive Control Theory written by Naira Hovakimyan and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains results not yet published in technical journals and conference proceedings.
Book Synopsis Adaptive Signal Control Gradually Emerging as a New Way to Decrease Costs Associated with Delays, Stops and Fuel Consumption by : Kenneth A. Winter
Download or read book Adaptive Signal Control Gradually Emerging as a New Way to Decrease Costs Associated with Delays, Stops and Fuel Consumption written by Kenneth A. Winter and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1960s time-of-day/day-of-week strategy has been used to select traffic control system timing plans. More recently, adaptive control systems (ACSs) have been developed. In these systems, signal timing parameters are generated in real-time based on detector measurements. ACS strategies can be applied at a single location, along arterial routes, or in grid networks. Decisions about timing plans are either made at a central location or at the local intersections, or both. Florida, Minnesota and Wisconsin DOTs are experimenting with adaptive signal control to determine whether the benefits of ACS justify their cost (estimated at $10,000-$40,000 per intersection). In 2001 FHWA developed a low-cost adaptive traffic signal timing system (ACS-Lite) designed to take advantage of the closed loop architecture estimated to comprise 90% of the traffic signal systems in the U.S. FHWA's Arterial Management Program Web Site can provide practitioners with guidance, recommended practices, manuals and other technical resources to help improve their knowledge of traffic signal timing processes is also crucial in enhancing the state-of-the-practice. In addition to the specific citations listed in this RSB, the FHWA site may be the best starting place to learn more about how practitioners are using ACS in the United States. For more information, see: http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/arterial_mgmt/pubs.htm.
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :220 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (51 download)
Book Synopsis TEA-21 oversight by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure
Download or read book TEA-21 oversight written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Balancing Safety and Capacity in an Adaptive Signal Control System by : Ziad A. Sabra
Download or read book Balancing Safety and Capacity in an Adaptive Signal Control System written by Ziad A. Sabra and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research focuses on the development of real-time signal timing methodologies and algorithms that balance safety and efficiency. The research consists of two phases, and this report summarizes the findings of phase 1. First, it examines the relationships between signal timing and surrogate measures of safety: frequency of rear-end, angle, and lane-change conflicts. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Surrogate Safety Assessment Methodology (SSAM) was used to evaluate simulated scenarios to test the relationships between signal timing parameters and the occurrence of traffic conflicts. A single intersection and a three-intersection arterial were examined, and each parameter was tested independently. The analysis effort indicated the following results: (1) The ratio of demand to capacity (i.e., the length of the split) is a factor that influences the total number of conflicts. There is an inverse linear relationship between splits and total conflicts. (2) Cycle length has the most significant impact on the total number of conflicts. Increasing the cycle length beyond its optimum value on an arterial system has a significant effect in reducing all types of conflicts. (3) Detector extension times have only a minor impact on changes to conflict rates. (4) The phase-change interval has a marginal effect on the total number of conflicts. (5) Left-turn phasing (protected/permitted) has a significant effect on the total number of conflicts. (6) An offset has an insignificant effect on conflicts until the change is more than ±10 percent of the cycle length. (7) Phase sequence has a significant effect on the total number of conflicts on an arterial. These results were obtained by modifying each variable independently for specific geometric and volume conditions. As such, these results provide evidence that certain parameters have a positive correlation to changes in surrogate measures of safety, but they do not provide metrics that can be used for real-time signal timing optimization. This report also discusses a methodology based on design of experiments to calculate a safety performance function that can be used for estimating the effect of changes to signal timing parameters in tandem. The report concludes with the development of a multiobjective optimization methodology and the five principle algorithms that constitute the proposed adaptive system for tuning the cycle length, splits, offsets, left-turn phase protection treatment, and left-turn phase sequence of a set of intersections.
Book Synopsis Traffic Signal Timing Manual by : U.s. Department of Transportation
Download or read book Traffic Signal Timing Manual written by U.s. Department of Transportation and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-20 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report serves as a comprehensive guide to traffic signal timing and documents the tasks completed in association with its development. The focus of this document is on traffic signal control principles, practices, and procedures. It describes the relationship between traffic signal timing and transportation policy and addresses maintenance and operations of traffic signals. It represents a synthesis of traffic signal timing concepts and their application and focuses on the use of detection, related timing parameters, and resulting effects to users at the intersection. It discusses advanced topics briefly to raise awareness related to their use and application. The purpose of the Signal Timing Manual is to provide direction and guidance to managers, supervisors, and practitioners based on sound practice to proactively and comprehensively improve signal timing. The outcome of properly training staff and proactively operating and maintaining traffic signals is signal timing that reduces congestion and fuel consumption ultimately improving our quality of life and the air we breathe. This manual provides an easy-to-use concise, practical and modular guide on signal timing. The elements of signal timing from policy and funding considerations to timing plan development, assessment, and maintenance are covered in the manual. The manual is the culmination of research into practices across North America and serves as a reference for a range of practitioners, from those involved in the day to day management, operation and maintenance of traffic signals to those that plan, design, operate and maintain these systems.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Virginia Department of Transportation Adaptive Signal Control Technology Pilot Project by : Michael D. Fontaine
Download or read book Evaluation of the Virginia Department of Transportation Adaptive Signal Control Technology Pilot Project written by Michael D. Fontaine and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, most traffic signals operated by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) use actuated plans that vary by time of day (TOD) and day of the week. These timing plans are typically developed off-line using traffic count information collected in the field and then processed using signal optimization software. This method works well as long as traffic volumes remain consistent with the conditions used to develop the timing plan, but timing plans can become suboptimal if traffic demands deviate from those conditions. Traffic growth over time, seasonal changes in traffic, special events, or incidents can all cause TOD plans to perform poorly, resulting in increased delays to drivers. As a result, VDOT must regularly retime signalized intersections to deal with long-term changes in travel patterns, which incurs costs to VDOT. Even so, non-recurring events can still cause TOD plans to perform poorly. Adaptive signal control technology (ASCT) is one tool that has been proposed to handle variable traffic demand better. VDOTs Traffic Engineering Division began a pilot program to install the InSync ASCT developed by Rhythm Engineering on 13 corridors around the state beginning in 2011. The InSync system uses enhanced detection along a corridor to adjust signal timing parameters dynamically to meet observed demand in real time, eliminating the need to develop static timing plans. This allows the ASCT system to adjust signal timing parameters to account for variations in flow attributable to special events, seasonal flows, incidents, or simply the increase of volumes over time. In this case, signal timings are not pre-defined based on historic data, so ASCT systems can potentially reduce delays created by outdated static TOD plans. These pilot deployments were evaluated to determine if ASCT created operational and safety improvements large enough to justify the additional costs to install ASCT. Data on mainline traffic operations, side street delays, and intersection crashes were collected with and without ASCT active. The results showed that mainline traffic operations generally improved if (1) the corridor was not oversaturated; (2) the corridor did not have characteristics that encourage platoon dispersion; and (3) the corridor did not already function well. Side street delays generally increased, although net benefits in overall corridor travel time were usually still observed. An empirical Bayes safety analysis of crashes at the intersections where ASCT was installed also found a 17% decrease in total crashes. Overall, ASCT generally produced a favorable benefit/cost ratio. The findings from the pilot tests were used to identify key considerations for future ASCT deployments so that VDOT could better identify future sites that might benefit from ASCT installation.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Virginia Department of Transportation Adaptive Signal Control Technology Pilot Project by : Michael Fontaine
Download or read book Evaluation of the Virginia Department of Transportation Adaptive Signal Control Technology Pilot Project written by Michael Fontaine and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, most traffic signals operated by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) use actuated plans that vary by time of day (TOD) and day of the week. These timing plans are typically developed off-line using traffic count information collected in the field and then processed using signal optimization software. This method works well as long as traffic volumes remain consistent with the conditions used to develop the timing plan, but timing plans can become suboptimal if traffic demands deviate from those conditions. Traffic growth over time, seasonal changes in traffic, special events, or incidents can all cause TOD plans to perform poorly, resulting in increased delays to drivers. As a result, VDOT must regularly retime signalized intersections to deal with long-term changes in travel patterns, which incurs costs to VDOT. Even so, non-recurring events can still cause TOD plans to perform poorly. Adaptive signal control technology (ASCT) is one tool that has been proposed to handle variable traffic demand better. VDOTs Traffic Engineering Division began a pilot program to install the InSync ASCT developed by Rhythm Engineering on 13 corridors around the state beginning in 2011. The InSync system uses enhanced detection along a corridor to adjust signal timing parameters dynamically to meet observed demand in real time, eliminating the need to develop static timing plans. This allows the ASCT system to adjust signal timing parameters to account for variations in flow attributable to special events, seasonal flows, incidents, or simply the increase of volumes over time. In this case, signal timings are not pre-defined based on historic data, so ASCT systems can potentially reduce delays created by outdated static TOD plans. These pilot deployments were evaluated to determine if ASCT created operational and safety improvements large enough to justify the additional costs to install ASCT. Data on mainline traffic operations, side street delays, and intersection crashes were collected with and without ASCT active. The results showed that mainline traffic operations generally improved if (1) the corridor was not oversaturated; (2) the corridor did not have characteristics that encourage platoon dispersion; and (3) the corridor did not already function well. Side street delays generally increased, although net benefits in overall corridor travel time were usually still observed. An empirical Bayes safety analysis of crashes at the intersections where ASCT was installed also found a 17% decrease in total crashes. Overall, ASCT generally produced a favorable benefit/cost ratio. The findings from the pilot tests were used to identify key considerations for future ASCT deployments so that VDOT could better identify future sites that might benefit from ASCT installation.
Book Synopsis Traffic Control Systems Handbook by :
Download or read book Traffic Control Systems Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook, which was developed in recognition of the need for the compilation and dissemination of information on advanced traffic control systems, presents the basic principles for the planning, design, and implementation of such systems for urban streets and freeways. The presentation concept and organization of this handbook is developed from the viewpoint of systems engineering. Traffic control studies are described, and traffic control and surveillance concepts are reviewed. Hardware components are outlined, and computer concepts, and communication concepts are stated. Local and central controllers are described, as well as display, television and driver information systems. Available systems technology and candidate system definition, evaluation and implementation are also covered. The management of traffic control systems is discussed.
