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Safety Analysis For A Radioisotope Stirling Generator
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Book Synopsis Safety Analysis for a Radioisotope Stirling Generator by :
Download or read book Safety Analysis for a Radioisotope Stirling Generator written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is conducting safety analyses of Radioisotope Stirling Generators for the Department of Energy (NE-50) to support the use of these devices as terrestrial power sources. These systems are electrical power generators converting thermal energy from plutonium (238Pu) decay to electrical energy via a Stirling cycle generator. The design and function are similar to the RTG (Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator) used in space missions since the early 1960's, with a more efficient Stirling cycle generator replacing the proven thermoelectric converter. The subject generator is the product of a collaborative effort by Lockheed Martin, Infinia, and the Glenn Research Center. This paper discusses the methods the INL is employing in the safety analysis effort, along with the software tools, lessons learned, and results. The overall goal of our safety analyses is to determine the probability of an accidental plutonium release over the life of the generator. Historical accident rates for various storage and transportation modes were investigated using event tree methods. Source terms were developed for these accidents including primarily impact, fire, and creep rupture. A negative result was defined as rupture of the tantalum alloy containment vessel surrounding the encapsulated plutonia pellet. Damage due to identified impact accidents was evaluated using non-linear finite element software tools. Material models, gathered from a wide variety of sources, included strain-rate and temperature dependencies on yield strength, strain hardening, and rupture. The overall simulation results predicted by our software tools will be validated by impact testing. Results from deterministic impact, fire, and creep rupture analyses were integrated into the probabilistic (Monte Carlo) risk assessment by correlation functions relating accident parameters to component damage. This approach presented challenges, which are addressed. Other significant issues include limitations of reliable material data at high temperatures and strain-rates and development of a technique to predict crack size in failed containment material necessary for estimating source terms. Accident rates have been compiled from historical data for several possible transportation vehicles including trucks and aircraft. Impact analyses completed thus far indicate that the primary containment vessel or strength member survives ground based accidents with no release of plutonia to the environment.
Book Synopsis Safety Design for Space Operations by : Firooz A. Allahdadi
Download or read book Safety Design for Space Operations written by Firooz A. Allahdadi and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-03-24 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter introduces the concepts of Space Nuclear Power Systems (SNPSs), describes the history and nature of these ingenious energy-generating machines. The basic principles of the Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) and the recently developed Stirling Radioisotope Generator (SRG) are explored and an account of their application in several extra-terrestrial missions is presented. Nuclear fission power as a promising alternative for future outer planet and extra-solar explorations is discussed. The flight safety review and launch approval processes for U.S., as well as the failures and accidents for U.S. and U.S.S.R. (Russian) nuclear powered space missions since 1961 are presented chronologically. A comprehensive probabilistic consequence analysis of all conceivable potential hazards associated with nuclear powered space flights is set out. The chapter concludes with how SNPSs must be designed with the built-in safety features to minimize accidents and to prevent radiation exposure.
Book Synopsis Safety Status Report for the Ulysses Mission by : NUS Corporation
Download or read book Safety Status Report for the Ulysses Mission written by NUS Corporation and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Final Safety Analysis Report by : George P. Dix
Download or read book Final Safety Analysis Report written by George P. Dix and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The safety aspects involved in utilizing the Task 2 radioisotope-powered thermoelectric generator in a terrestrial satellite are described. It is based upon a generalized satellite mission having a 600-day orbital lifetime. A description of the basic design of the generator is presented in order to establish the analytical model. This includes the generator design, radiocerium fuel properties, and the fuel core. The transport of the generator to the launch site is examined, including the shipping cask, shipping procedures, and shipping hazards. A description of ground handling and vehicle integration is presented including preparation for fuel transfer, transfer, mating of generators to final stage, mating final stage to booster, and auxiliary support equipment. The flight vehicle is presented to complete the analytical model. Contained in this chapter are descriptions of the booster-sustainer, final stage, propellants, and built-in safety systems. The typical missile range is examined with respect to the launch complex and range safety characteristics. The shielding of the fuel is discussed and includes both dose rates and shield thicknesses required. The bare core, shielded generator, fuel transfer operation and dose rates for accidental conditions are treated. mechanism of re-entry from the successful mission is covered. Radiocerium inventories with respect to time and the chronology of re-entry are specifically treated. The multiplicity of conditions for aborted missions is set forth. The definition of aborted missions is treated first in order to present the initial conditions. Following this, a definition of the forces imposed upon the generator is presented. The aborted missions is presented. A large number of initial vehicle failure cases is narrowed down into categories of consequences. Since stratospheric injection of fuel results in cases where the fuel is not contained after re-entry, an extensive discussion of the fall-out mechanism is presented.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Advanced Radioisotope Power Systems by :
Download or read book Development of Advanced Radioisotope Power Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis FINAL SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORT--SNAP 1A RADIOISOTOPE FUELED THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR. by :
Download or read book FINAL SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORT--SNAP 1A RADIOISOTOPE FUELED THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR. written by and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The safety aspects involved in utilizing the Task 2 radioisotope-powered thermoelectric generator in a terrestrial satellite are described. It is based upon a generalized satellite mission having a 600-day orbital lifetime. A description of the basic design of the generator is presented in order to establish the analytical model. This includes the generator design, radiocerium fuel properties, and the fuel core. The transport of the generator to the launch site is examined, including the shipping cask, shipping procedures, and shipping hazards. A description of ground handling and vehicle integration is presented including preparation for fuel transfer, transfer, mating of generators to final stage, mating final stage to booster, and auxiliary support equipment. The flight vehicle is presented to complete the analytical model. Contained in this chapter are descriptions of the booster-sustainer, final stage, propellants, and built-in safety systems. The typical missile range is examined with respect to the launch complex and range safety characteristics. The shielding of the fuel is discussed and includes both dose rates and shield thicknesses required. The bare core, shielded generator, fuel transfer operation and dose rates for accidental conditions are treated. mechanism of re-entry from the successful mission is covered. Radiocerium inventories with respect to time and the chronology of re-entry are specifically treated. The multiplicity of conditions for aborted missions is set forth. The definition of aborted missions is treated first in order to present the initial conditions. Following this, a definition of the forces imposed upon the generator is presented. The aborted missions is presented. A large number of initial vehicle failure cases is narrowed down into categories of consequences. Since stratospheric injection of fuel results in cases where the fuel is not contained after re-entry, an extensive discussion of the fall-out mechanism is presented. (auth).
Book Synopsis Threat Assessment of Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTG) Management Radiation Protection and Safety Regulations by : Vladimir Reka
Download or read book Threat Assessment of Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTG) Management Radiation Protection and Safety Regulations written by Vladimir Reka and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Safety Design for Space Operations by : Firooz Allahdadi
Download or read book Safety Design for Space Operations written by Firooz Allahdadi and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-03-24 with total page 1071 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endorsed by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS) and drawing on the expertise of the world’s leading experts in the field, Safety Design for Space Operations provides the practical how-to guidance and knowledge base needed to facilitate effective launch-site and operations safety in line with current regulations. With information on space operations safety design currently disparate and difficult to find in one place, this unique reference brings together essential material on: Best design practices relating to space operations, such as the design of spaceport facilities. Advanced analysis methods, such as those used to calculate launch and re-entry debris fall-out risk. Implementation of safe operation procedures, such as on-orbit space traffic management. Safety considerations relating to the general public and the environment in addition to personnel and asset protection. Taking in launch operations safety relating unmanned missions, such as the launch of probes and commercial satellites, as well as manned missions, Safety Design for Space Operations provides a comprehensive reference for engineers and technical managers within aerospace and high technology companies, space agencies, spaceport operators, satellite operators and consulting firms. Fully endorsed by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS), with contributions from leading experts at NASA, the European Space Agency (EASA) and the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), amongst others Covers all aspects of space operations relating to safety of the general public, as well as the protection of valuable assets and the environment Focuses on launch operations safety relating to manned and unmanned missions, such as the launch of probes and commercial satellites
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Book Synopsis Launch Safety Analysis for Radioisotope Power Systems by :
Download or read book Launch Safety Analysis for Radioisotope Power Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Final Safety Analysis Report by : W. Hagis
Download or read book Final Safety Analysis Report written by W. Hagis and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Isotopes and Radiation Technology by :
Download or read book Isotopes and Radiation Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 9th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference Proceedings, San Francisco, California, August 26-30, 1974 by :
Download or read book 9th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference Proceedings, San Francisco, California, August 26-30, 1974 written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis SNAP-III--THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY ANALYSIS. by :
Download or read book SNAP-III--THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY ANALYSIS. written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A radiological safety analysis is presented for the SNAP-III thermoelectric generator. Since the fuel of the device is polonium-210, a toxic radioisotope, certain safety measures have been designed into the device and its shipping container to prevent a release of the contaminant into any environment during normal operation or a catastrophic accident. Once containment is assured, the direct radiation problem is considered. It has been shown that the direct radiation from the thermal source is kept within tolerance limits by surrounding materials and spatial and temporal factors. It must be emphasized that this device should not be deliberately abused or mishandled since this would serve to increase the probability of accident. The device has been evaluated with respect to internal forces such as heat and helium pressure and external forces such as impact and chemical attack. The mechanical thermal and chemical integrity of the thermoelectric generator is shown to be quite reliable. The basic physical, chemical, thermal, atomic and nuclear characteristics of polonium-210 have been presented. Potential internal and external radiation hazards have been set forth. (auth).
Book Synopsis Stirling Engine Design Manual by : William Martini
Download or read book Stirling Engine Design Manual written by William Martini and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-01-25 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For Stirling engines to enjoy widespread application and acceptance, not only must the fundamental operation of such engines be widely understood, but the requisite analytic tools for the stimulation, design, evaluation and optimization of Stirling engine hardware must be readily available. The purpose of this design manual is to provide an introduction to Stirling cycle heat engines, to organize and identify the available Stirling engine literature, and to identify, organize, evaluate and, in so far as possible, compare non-proprietary Stirling engine design methodologies. This report was originally prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the U. S. Department of Energy.
