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Rules Of Origin In The Wto And In Other Free Trade Agreements An Overwiew
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Book Synopsis Rules of Origin in the WTO and in Other Free Trade Agreements - An Overwiew by : Jord Hollenberg
Download or read book Rules of Origin in the WTO and in Other Free Trade Agreements - An Overwiew written by Jord Hollenberg and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-03 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject Law - Comparative Legal Systems, Comparative Law, grade: A-; 16 Punkte, Suffolk University Law School (International Law), course: International Trade Regulations, 18 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: One of the main objectives of rules of origin should be uniformity and simplicity in their administration. Although this is not always true, developing and developed countries have undertaken the task towards simplification, harmonization and liberalization of rules of origin. This harmonization work has been carried out under the auspices of the Committee on Rules of Origin (CRO) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Technical Committee on Rules of Origin (TCRO) of the Brussels-based World Customs Cooperation Council, which has been responsible for the technical part of the work, including discussions on the rules of origin options for each product. After all, an Agreement on Rules of Origin (ARO) was established in the WTO. This 'first-ever' agreement is designed to harmonize and to clarify non-preferential rules of origin for goods in trade on the basis of the substantial transformation test. The WTO wants to ensure that their rules are transparent and do not distort or disrupt on international trade, that they are administered in a consistent, uniform, impartial and reasonable manner, and that they are based on a positive standard. That means the ARO in WTO wants to state what does confer origin rather than what does not. This work wants to give an overview about - 'Non-preferential Rules of Origin', especially the dispute concerning the New American Rules of Origin for Textile Products among the European Communities and the United States (WT/DS85;WT/DS151) - 'Preferential Rules of Origin' - 'Rules of Origin as a Trade Barrier' - 'Rules of Origin as a Factor of Production'
Book Synopsis Rules of Origin in International Trade by : Stefano Inama
Download or read book Rules of Origin in International Trade written by Stefano Inama and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-12 with total page 1323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive, in-depth analysis of the different sets of rules of origin adopted by major trading partners and worldwide, as well as efforts to establish multilateral rules at WTO and WCO. It discusses the status of non-preferential as well as preferential rules of origin in international trade, their evolution during the last decades and their tendencies and future. With its multidisciplinary approach, this book's contents provide comparative analysis of the relevant legal and economic features of different rules origin compilation sets, reviewing their drafting differences and their implications and impact on the economic and industrial environments. This edition has been updated and expanded to include the latest developments on rules of origin at multilateral level in WTO and WCO and on rules of origin in recent FTAs. Drawing from his thirty years of experience, Stefano Inama provides insights from trade negotiations along with practical tools for policy makers and practitioners, orientation for the private sector and analytical tools for researchers.
Book Synopsis Most-favoured-nation Treatment by : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Download or read book Most-favoured-nation Treatment written by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication contains an explanation of Most Favored Nation (MFN) treatment and some of the key issues that arise in its negotiation, particularly the scope and application of MFN treatment to the liberalization and protection of foreign investors in recent treaty practice. The paper provides policy options as regards the traditional application of MFN treatment and identifies reactions by States to the unexpected broad use of MFN treatment, and provides several drafting options, such as specifying or narrowing down the scope of application of MFN treatment to certain types of activities, clarifying the nature of "treatment" under the IIA, clarifying the comparison that an arbitral tribunal needs to undertake as well as a qualification of the comparison "in like circumstances" or excluding its use in investor-State cases.
Book Synopsis Rules of Origin in International Trade by : Stefano Inama
Download or read book Rules of Origin in International Trade written by Stefano Inama and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-06 with total page 1324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive, in depth analysis of the different sets of rules of origin adopted by major trading partners, namely EU, US, China and Japan and all trading regions - Asia, Africa and Latin America. It discusses the current status of non-preferential as well as preferential rules of origin in international trade, their evolution over last decades and tendencies for the future. With its multidisciplinary approach, the book's contents provide legal and economic comparative analysis of different sets of rules origin, reviewing their drafting differences and their implications and impact on industrial and investment environments. Drawing from the thirty years' experience of the Author, the book provides insights from trade negotiations along with practical tools for policy makers and practitioners, orientation for the private sector and analytical tools for researchers. A new methodology to draft product specific rules of origin based on an input-output table elaborated by the Author is a distinctive feature of this new edition as well as a new chapter dealing with administrative aspects of rules of origin.
Book Synopsis Methodology for Impact Assessment of Free Trade Agreements by : Michael G. Plummer
Download or read book Methodology for Impact Assessment of Free Trade Agreements written by Michael G. Plummer and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication displays the menu for choice of available methods to evaluate the impact of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). It caters mainly to policy makers from developing countries and aims to equip them with some economic knowledge and techniques that will enable them to conduct their own economic evaluation studies on existing or future FTAs, or to critically re-examine the results of impact assessment studies conducted by others, at the very least.
Book Synopsis Asian Free Trade Agreements and WTO Compatibility by : Shintaro Hamanaka
Download or read book Asian Free Trade Agreements and WTO Compatibility written by Shintaro Hamanaka and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-01-13 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is an appropriate time to rethink the relationship between trade regionalism and multilateralism in the Asian context as we witness the proliferation of free trade agreements (FTAs) in Asia. In the 1980s and 1990s, many scholars and policymakers believed that Asian integration was market-based, rather than legal-based, and that Asian integration would never be codified through agreements. Yet today, there are a large number of FTAs signed and under negotiation in Asia. This book investigates the appropriate relationship between regionalism and multilateralism, with a special reference to recent FTAs in Asia. It is undeniable that past trade multilateralism–regionalism debates centered on the trade-in-goods aspect. However, the majority of recent FTAs in Asia cover issues beyond trade-in-goods and tariff liberalization, such as trade facilitation, services, and economic cooperation. While the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Article XXIV governs regional integration initiatives in trade in goods, there is no (or at most a thin) World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement that stipulates the relationship between regionalism and multilateralism in issue areas other than goods. Thus, this study carefully considers the meaning of “WTO-compatible FTAs” by distinguishing “WTO consistency” and “WTO friendliness”, going beyond GATT Article XXIV debates and proposes a general framework for examining the openness of regionalism in various issue areas by identifying tree-type questions to distinguish several types of exclusiveness. It then specifically asks the following questions: Can Asian FTAs that cover several issues be considered multilateralism friendly? How does the relationship between regionalism and multilateralism differ between trade-in-goods and non-goods issue areas? What are policies that might reduce the exclusiveness of regional initiatives? The study concludes by listing counterintuitive policy suggestions to make FTAs truly WTO compatible. The book also includes a comprehensive list of FTAs in Asia and several WTO Agreements relating to trade regionalism. Contents:Introduction: Conceptualizing the WTO Compatibility of FTAsAnalytical Framework for WTO Friendliness of FTAs: How to Check If They are Real “Friends” of WTO?Free Trade Agreements in Goods: Is Trade Bilateralism in Asia Consistent with WTO Rules and Norms?Regional Approaches to Trade Facilitation: Are Regional Trade Facilitation Measures Discriminatory Against Non-Members?Regional Services Agreements: What is the Value of GATS-Plus Regional Services Commitments?Economic Cooperation Under FTAs: Do FTAs Impose WTO-Plus Technical Assistance Obligations on Members?Conclusion: Counter-Intuitive Policy Implications for WTO-Compatible FTAs Readership: Researchers, professionals, undergraduate and graduate students interested in Free Trade Agreements, World Trade Organization, Regionalism, Trade in Services and Trade Facilitation. Keywords:Free Trade Agreement (FTA);World Trade Organization (WTO);Regionalism;Trade in Services;Trade FacilitationKey Features:Chapters first present the methodology relevant to analyze FTA's WTO compatibility in a particular area and then present case studies of Asian FTAs to examine their WTO compatibility, which is followed by the policy discussions on how to make FTAs more WTO-friendlyThe book is interdisciplinary covering economics, political science and international economic lawAuthored by ADB Economist specializing in FTA issues, the book provides readers with theoretically sound and empirically rich discussion on FTAs. The author knows both theory and practice of FTAs and WTO (served as negotiator at the Japanese Mission to the WTO; involved in the regional economic integration issues at the Office of Regional Economic Integration at ADB)Reviews: “Shintaro Hamanaka has written an interesting and important book on Asian Free Trade Agreements and WTO Compatibility. The first major contribution is to distinguish between the narrowly legal concept of WTO-consistency and the broader concept of WTO-friendliness. That distinction underpins the book's analysis, in which Hamanaka identifies examples of agreements that are WTO-consistent but not in the spirit of the WTO or likely to promote future multilateralism; as he points out, non-violation of rules is not the same as harmony. The book's second major contribution is in-depth analysis of 21st. Century trade agreements in Asia, covered in four substantive chapters on trade in goods, trade facilitation, services agreements, and economic cooperation. The author's detailed knowledge of more than a hundred agreements is used to support analysis in which the big picture is kept impressively in focus.” Prof. Richard Pomfret University of Adelaide
Book Synopsis Origin Management by : Anne van de Heetkamp
Download or read book Origin Management written by Anne van de Heetkamp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-10 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Origin Management describes a holistic approach that allows internationally operating companies to benefit from reduced import duty rates within Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). Through the creation of a single, auditable, and global platform, companies are enabled to successfully claim preferential origin and sustain, review and audit preferential treatment claims. Seeking to provide a comprehensive treatment of origin management for a professional audience, this book outlines the underlying theoretical concepts and legislative frameworks, and presents practical implications and guidelines for a successful origin management program as part of a strategic sourcing initiative. The authors advocate an approach that involves sharing and distributing information and resources throughout the company and the supply chain, resulting in competitive advantages, synergies, and a central information point for all origin associated issues.
Book Synopsis Regional Trade Agreements and the WTO Legal System by : Lorand Bartels
Download or read book Regional Trade Agreements and the WTO Legal System written by Lorand Bartels and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Regional Trade Agreements and the WTO Legal System' introduces the economic & political underpinnings of regional trade agreements, their constitutional functions, & their role as a locus for integrating trade & human rights.
Book Synopsis The Origin of Goods by : Olivier Cadot
Download or read book The Origin of Goods written by Olivier Cadot and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dark side of preferential trade agreements, Rules of Origin (RoO) are used to determine the eligibility of goods to preferential treatment. Ostensibly meant to prevent the trans-shipment of imported products across Free Trade Agreement borders after superficial screwdriver assembly, they act in reality as complex and opaque trade barriers. This book provides evidence strongly suggesting that they do so by intent rather than accidentally—-in other words, that RoOs are policy. Part one draws insights about the effects of RoOs on cross-border trade and outsourcing from recent economic theory. Part two reviews the evidence on RoOs in preferential agreements around the world, putting together the most comprehensive dataset on RoOs to date. Part three explores their "political economy"—-how special interests have shaped them and continue to do so. Part four provides econometric evidence on their costs for exporters and consequent effects on trade flows. Finally, part five explores how they affect trade in the developing world where they spread rapidly and have the potential to do most harm. Beyond the collection of new evidence and its interpretation in light of recent theory, the book's overall message for the policy community is that RoOs are a potentially powerful and new barrier to trade. Rather than being relegated to closed-door technical meetings, their design should hold center-stage in trade negotiations.
Book Synopsis International Trade: Rules of Origin by :
Download or read book International Trade: Rules of Origin written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Determining the country of origin of a product is important for properly assessing tariffs, enforcing trade remedies (such as antidumping and countervailing duties) or quantitative restrictions (tariff quotas), and statistical purposes. Other commercial trade policies are also linked with origin determinations, such as country of origin labeling and government procurement regulations. Rules of origin (ROO), used to determine the country of origin of merchandise entering the U.S. market, can be very simple, noncontroversial tools of international trade as long as all of the parts of a product are manufactured and assembled primarily in one country. However, when a finished product's component parts originate in many countries, as is often the case in today's global trading environment, determining origin can be a very complex, sometimes subjective, and time-consuming process. This report deals with ROO in three parts. First, we describe in more detail the reasons that country of origin rules are important and briefly describe U.S. laws and methods that provide direction in making these determinations. Second, we discuss briefly some of the more controversial issues involving rules of origin, including the apparently subjective nature of some CBP origin determinations, and the effects of the global manufacturing process on ROO. Third, we conclude with some alternatives and options that Congress could consider that might assist in simplifying the process.
Book Synopsis Rules of Origin and the Web of East Asian Free Trade Agreements by : Miriam Manchin
Download or read book Rules of Origin and the Web of East Asian Free Trade Agreements written by Miriam Manchin and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors provide an overview of the preferential rules of origin in East Asia, highlighting the aspects that might possibly generate some trade-chilling effects. They review characteristics of existing preferential trade agreements with special emphasis on lessons from the European experience, and analyze some important features of the existing rules of origin in East and South-East Asian regional integration agreements. The empirical analysis of the effectiveness of preferentialism on intra-regional trade flows focuses on the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), with the aim of providing a rough estimate of the costs of requesting preferences. The results suggest that preferential tariffs favorably affect intra-regional imports only at very high margins (around 25 percentage points). This points to the likelihood of high administrative costs attached to the exploitation of preferences, particularly with regard to the compliance with AFTA's rules of origin.
Book Synopsis Regional Trade Agreements and the Multilateral Trading System by : Rohini Acharya
Download or read book Regional Trade Agreements and the Multilateral Trading System written by Rohini Acharya and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-22 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores bilateral and regional trade agreements, and examines how they are changing international trade rules. It offers an important contribution to the current debate on the role of the WTO in regulating international trade and how WTO rules relate to new rules being developed by regional trade agreements.
Book Synopsis Preferential Trade Agreement Policies for Development by : Jean-Pierre Chauffour
Download or read book Preferential Trade Agreement Policies for Development written by Jean-Pierre Chauffour and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-06-22 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook offers an introduction to the key elements of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs), addressing the practical economic and legal aspects of the regulatory policies in PTAs.
Book Synopsis Negotiating Free-trade Agreements by : Walter Goode
Download or read book Negotiating Free-trade Agreements written by Walter Goode and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding the WTO written by and published by World Trade Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Handbook on the WTO TRIPS Agreement by : Antony Taubman
Download or read book A Handbook on the WTO TRIPS Agreement written by Antony Taubman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides a comprehensive and non-technical explanation of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), later legal instruments, current policy issues and the relationship between TRIPS and public health. It is aimed at an audience including government officials and policy-makers, non-governmental organizations, academics and students.
Book Synopsis Termites in the Trading System by : Jagdish Bhagwati
Download or read book Termites in the Trading System written by Jagdish Bhagwati and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-07-14 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jagdish Bhagwati, the internationally renowned economist who uniquely combines a reputation as the leading scholar of international trade with a substantial presence in public policy on the important issues of the day, shines here a critical light on Preferential Trade Agreements, revealing how the rapid spread of PTAs endangers the world trading system. Numbering by now well over 300, and rapidly increasing, these preferential trade agreements, many taking the form of Free Trade Agreements, have re-created the unhappy situation of the 1930s, when world trade was undermined by discriminatory practices. Whereas this was the result of protectionism in those days, ironically it is a result of misdirected pursuit of free trade via PTAs today. The world trading system is at risk again, the author argues, and the danger is palpable. Writing with his customary wit, panache and elegance, Bhagwati documents the growth of these PTAs, the reasons for their proliferation, and their deplorable consequences which include the near-destruction of the non-discrimination which was at the heart of the postwar trade architecture and its replacement by what he has called the spaghetti bowl of a maze of preferences. Bhagwati also documents how PTAs have undermined the prospects for multilateral freeing of trade, serving as stumbling blocks, instead of building blocks, for the objective of reaching multilateral free trade. In short, Bhagwati cogently demonstrates why PTAs are Termites in the Trading System.
