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Root Initiation And Elongation In Douglas Fir Pseudotsuga Menziesii Mirb Franco Stem Cuttings As Related To Bud And Cambial Activity
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Book Synopsis Root Initiation and Elongation in Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Stem Cuttings as Related to Bud and Cambial Activity by : Harbans Singh Bhella
Download or read book Root Initiation and Elongation in Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Stem Cuttings as Related to Bud and Cambial Activity written by Harbans Singh Bhella and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relation of bud and cambial activity to root initiation and elongation in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stem cuttings was studied through two successive growth cycles. Stem cuttings of current season's growth were taken periodically from field-grown Douglas-fir trees to determine: (1) origin and development of root initials; and (2) controlling factors in bud and cambial activity and subsequent rooting in this species. Growth chambers were used to control photoperiod, air temperature, and relative humidity, and propagation benches and portable trays were employed to control the temperature of the rooting medium. Anatomical studies showed that callus originates principally from the vascular cambium, but phloem and xylem parenchyma may also contribute. Differentiation within callus led to the formation of spirally oriented root initials having no connection with the main vascular system. Continuous cell division, differentiation, and subsequent distal elongation of root initials gave rise to root primordia having complete vascular connections with the stem axis. Once root primordia initiated, elongation occurred within 15 to a maximum of 30 days. There was no apparent difference in origin of adventitious roots in cuttings taken at various stages of shoot development. Long photoperiods (18 hr) exerted a profound influence on bud and cambial activity and enhanced rooting over that of short photoperiods (9 hr). This response to photpperiod was modified by stage of shoot development and rooting medium temperature. LD enhancement of rooting was most pronounced before and during bud dormancy, but following bud dormancy cuttings rooted equally well under SD. Cuttings rooted significantly better under 26° (12.95%) and 18°C (11.91%) rooting medium temperatures than under 10°C (1.13%). The cambium of Douglas-fir showed no endogenous dormancy, and cell division in cambium was not a limiting factor in rooting. Auxin treatment significantly increased rootability during pre- and post-dormancy. During true dormancy, auxin treatment alone was not effective in stimulating rooting, and LD or cold treatment was required. Chilling requirement for rooting was considerably less than that for breaking bud dormancy. Cuttings with good callus often failed to root, but many cuttings with only fair callus showed root initiation and elongation, suggesting that root initiation in Douglas-fir is not directly related to the extent of callus formation, but rather to a hormonal balance necessary for differentiation within callus. There was no relationship of cambial activity and cutting rootability to the presence or absence of buds, probably indicating that leaves alone are capable of supplying the growth substances needed for cambial activity and root initiation in Douglas-fir.
Book Synopsis The Physiology of Plagiotropic Growth of Rooted Cuttings of Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] by : Christopher J. Starbuck
Download or read book The Physiology of Plagiotropic Growth of Rooted Cuttings of Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] written by Christopher J. Starbuck and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments were conducted to determine if the plagiotropic growth habit of rooted cuttings of Douglas-fir might result from a system favoring the accumulation of indoleacetic acid in the adaxial side of the shoot in response to vertical placement. Actively growing excised branch terminals were subjected to gravitational disorientation to determine if they would respond to displacement from horizontal by curving epinastically. Horizontal shoots showed slight epinastic curvature within 24 hr but returned to near their original positions within 48 hr. Shoots placed vertically reached an equilibrium curvature of 50-60° after 72 hr. This response was significantly reduced by both decapitation and defoliation. Shoots placed horizontally with their abaxial sides up (inverted) showed up to 110° of epinastic (dorsoconvex) curvature after 72 hr. Treatment with 50 ul/1 ethylene had no effect on the curvature response of horizontal or horizontal inverted shoots. Shoots rotated on a horizontal clinostat showed curvatures intermediate between those of vertical and horizontal inverted positions. These results suggest that the stimulus for the epinastic response varies with the orientation of the shoot with respect to the gravity vector. The stems of cuttings of 3 clones examined 2 seasons after rooting exhibited dorsoconvex curvature averaging from 15-47° in the region comprising the original 12-cm cutting. Cross sections taken 1.5-2.0 cm from the basal and distal ends of the original cuttings were examined microscopically. The annual ring produced the year before rooting (ring 1) was symmetrical in both basal and distal sections with a small amount of compression wood on the abaxial side. The annual ring produced the season after rooting (ring 2) was asymmetrical in both basal and distal sections. In basal sections, the upper side of ring 2 was 2.5-3.5 times wider on the adaxial than on the abaxial side. Eighty -90% of the width of the adaxial side was compression wood. In the annual ring produced the second season after rooting (ring 3), compression wood formation had begun to shift back to the abaxial side. In distal portions of the original cuttings of 2 clones, where curvature had displaced the stems from vertical, the width of compression wood was twofold greater on the abaxial than on the adaxial side of ring 3. These results indicate that compression wood plays an important role in the development of the plagiotropic growth habit of rooted cuttings of Douglas-fir. Radioactivity from 14C-indole-3-acetic acid applied in droplets to decapitated but otherwise intact rooted cuttings moved down the stem as a pulse. After 24 hr, nearly twice as much activity was detected in extracts from the adaxial than from the abaxial sides of cutting stems. In a similar experiment with branches on the tree, significantly more activity was extracted from the adaxial than from the abaxial side of horizontal but not vertically restrained branches. There was no significant difference in transport of activity from 14C-IAA donor blocks between the adaxial and abaxial sides of segments excised from stems of rooted cuttings or branch terminals. The epinastic curvature of vertically placed, excised branch terminals and the asymmetric cambial activity and compression wood formation in stems of rooted cuttings are indirect evidence for a transverse gradient in auxin content in vertical shoots and rooted cuttings. The accumulation of exogenously applied 14C-IAA on the adaxial sides of rooted cuttings lends further support to this interpretation. However, based on branch transport studies, the accumulation of activity in the adaxial sides of rooted cuttings was apparently not simply a response to vertical placement.
Book Synopsis Influences of Shoot Origin and Certain Pre- and Post Severance Treatments on the Rooting and Growth Characteristics of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) Stem Cuttings by : Darvil Kim Black
Download or read book Influences of Shoot Origin and Certain Pre- and Post Severance Treatments on the Rooting and Growth Characteristics of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) Stem Cuttings written by Darvil Kim Black and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agriculture & Agronomy by : University Microfilms International
Download or read book Agriculture & Agronomy written by University Microfilms International and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis O.S.U. Theses and Dissertations, 1970-1977 by : Oregon State University
Download or read book O.S.U. Theses and Dissertations, 1970-1977 written by Oregon State University and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influence of Shoot Origin and Certain Pre- and Post- Severance Treatments on the Rooting and Growth Characteristics of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) Stem Cuttings by : Darvil Kim Black
Download or read book Influence of Shoot Origin and Certain Pre- and Post- Severance Treatments on the Rooting and Growth Characteristics of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) Stem Cuttings written by Darvil Kim Black and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Dissertation Index by :
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 904 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Dissertation Index: Agriculture by :
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index: Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New Root Formation in Plants and Cuttings by : M.B. Jackson
Download or read book New Root Formation in Plants and Cuttings written by M.B. Jackson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation of roots is in some respects one of the least fundamentally understood of all plant functions. Propagation by cuttings is the aspect that will occur first to most gardeners and horticulturists, and it is certainly the most useful application. But any observant traveller in the tropics can notice that some trees have the habit of forming roots in the air. Climbers like Cissus bear long fine strings of roots hanging down. Pandanus trees tend to have stout aerial roots issuing from the bases of the long branches, while the tangle of roots around the trunk of many of the Ficus species is characteristic. In Ficus bengalensis, in particular, stout cylindrical roots firmly embedded in the ground from a height of 3 to 5 meters give support to the long horizontal branches, enabling them to spread still further. In the big old specimen at Adyar near Madras, the spread of these branches all around the tree, each with a strong root growing out every few meters, makes a shaded area under which meetings of almost 5000 people are sometimes held. The history of how the formation of roots on stem cuttings was found to be under hormonal control is worth repeating here.
Book Synopsis Wrenching Douglas-fir Seedlings in August by : William I. Stein
Download or read book Wrenching Douglas-fir Seedlings in August written by William I. Stein and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chilling Requirements for Optimal Growth of Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir Seedlings by : S. P. Wells
Download or read book Chilling Requirements for Optimal Growth of Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir Seedlings written by S. P. Wells and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) Micropropagation by : Chien-Chih Chen
Download or read book Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) Micropropagation written by Chien-Chih Chen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Acceleration of Root Formation and Growth of Cuttings by : Wen Quan Sun
Download or read book Acceleration of Root Formation and Growth of Cuttings written by Wen Quan Sun and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Morphogenesis of Stems of Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii (mirb.) Franco) by : L. Heger
Download or read book Morphogenesis of Stems of Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii (mirb.) Franco) written by L. Heger and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influences of the Duration of Periodic Sway on the Stem Form Development of Four-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) by : Ronald Roy Carlton
Download or read book Influences of the Duration of Periodic Sway on the Stem Form Development of Four-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) written by Ronald Roy Carlton and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem form development of trees in response to wind has been established in the literature to be a response to stem sway induced by the wind. The response is manifested in modifications to height and diameter growth which strengthen the stem against wind stresses. Experiments in the literature show that significant responses result from short durations of sway daily. An experiment exploring the growth responses resulting from a wide range of daily durations of sway was conducted. Also, the influence of timing of periods of sway during the growing season and during different seasons was examined. The pooled mean leader length for seedlings swayed different durations daily at a rate of 0.8 Hz was 86 per cent of that for unswayed controls. Leader length for seedlings swayed only 10 seconds daily were not significantly different from unswayed controls. Growth during certain stages of apical bud burst seems to have been retarded by the longer durations of sway. Growth ring increment on the compression side of the stem increased due to swaying, with the greatest response due to a 10 second daily duration and the least due to a 10 hour duration. Growth ring increment on the tension side responded in like manner, the longer durations of sway were not significantly different from the unswayed controls, but the short durations resulted in significant increases. In a separate experiment, seedlings were swayed 2.5 hours daily. Treatments were begun with the initiation of bud burst, and terminated after periods of 6, 12, and 18 weeks. Leader length growth was not found to differ between controls and the 6-week swaying treatment, but was reduced due to longer treatment periods. The stem diameter in the direction of sway increased as the period of swaying increased. These results suggest that the response system directing height and diameter growth loses its effect, in time, if swaying is terminated before the completion of bud burst. A field experiment was conducted measuring growth responses of 17-year-old trees which were prevented from natural wind sway during certain seasons of the year. No differences between treatments were found, Wind strength at the study site may have been inadequate to provide measurable differences.
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