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Role Of Rna Polymerase Ii Pausing In Transcriptional Regulation Of Drosophila Genes
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Book Synopsis Role of RNA Polymerase II Pausing in Transcriptional Regulation of Drosophila Genes by : Thomas Paul O'Brien
Download or read book Role of RNA Polymerase II Pausing in Transcriptional Regulation of Drosophila Genes written by Thomas Paul O'Brien and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis RNA Exosome by : Torben Heick Jensen
Download or read book RNA Exosome written by Torben Heick Jensen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diversity of RNAs inside living cells is amazing. We have known of the more “classic” RNA species: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA for some time now, but in a steady stream new types of molecules are being described as it is becoming clear that most of the genomic information of cells ends up in RNA. To deal with the enormous load of resulting RNA processing and degradation reactions, cells need adequate and efficient molecular machines. The RNA exosome is arising as a major facilitator to this effect. Structural and functional data gathered over the last decade have illustrated the biochemical importance of this multimeric complex and its many co-factors, revealing its enormous regulatory power. By gathering some of the most prominent researchers in the exosome field, it is the aim of this volume to introduce this fascinating protein complex as well as to give a timely and rich account of its many functions. The exosome was discovered more than a decade ago by Phil Mitchell and David Tollervey by its ability to trim the 3’end of yeast, S. cerevisiae, 5. 8S rRNA. In a historic account they laid out the events surrounding this identification and the subsequent birth of the research field. In the chapter by Kurt Januszyk and Christopher Lima the structural organization of eukaryotic exosomes and their evolutionary counterparts in bacteria and archaea are discussed in large part through presentation of structures.
Book Synopsis Role of Transcription Factors in Pausing RNA Polymerase II in Drosophila by : Saikat Kumar Bijoy Ghosh
Download or read book Role of Transcription Factors in Pausing RNA Polymerase II in Drosophila written by Saikat Kumar Bijoy Ghosh and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Factors Controlling Promoter-proximal Pausing by RNA Polymerase II by : Nicholas James Fuda
Download or read book Factors Controlling Promoter-proximal Pausing by RNA Polymerase II written by Nicholas James Fuda and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most gene expression is regulated at the level of transcription, and the transition from initiation to productive elongation is a key point of regulation. This transition is accompanied by pausing of transcriptionally engaged polymerase in the promoter-proximal region of several heat shock genes. Although this mechanism of regulation was long thought to be limited to a few genes, recent evidence has indicated that pausing is wide-spread in higher eukaryotes. Therefore, it is increasingly important to understand the mechanisms controlling the paused polymerase. I have investigated how the site of pausing on Hsp70 is specified using highresolution mapping of polymerase on reporter genes with shifted pausing site sequences. The results indicate that the downstream sequence dictates pause position and the overall level of pausing. I have also used RNAi knock-down in Drosophila cell culture to study the roles of several factors in establishing, maintaining, and releasing the paused polymerase. These experiments have shown GAGA factor is required for pausing on many of its target genes, and the knock-down effects indicate it is involved in establishing the pause. In contrast, Spt5, a protein previously shown to enhance pausing in vitro, reduces pausing genome-wide by increasing levels of elongating polymerase. Two kinases, P-TEFb and CDK12, function in productive elongation. Previously our lab showed that P-TEFb inhibition prevented the transition into elongation, limiting the polymerase to the 5' end of the heat shock-induced Hsp70 gene. I mapped these polymerases in high resolution to show they occupied sites further downstream than the normal pause sites, suggesting P-TEFb activity may not solely release the paused polymerase. I also determined the localization of CDK12 on active genes. Its localization downstream of P-TEFb suggests that these kinases may have distinct functions. Finally, I have examined the role of Fcp1 in Hsp70 transcription. Our lab previously showed the CTD phosphatase Fcp1 was required for optimum expression of Hsp70 mRNA. Fcp1 knock-down reduced the heat shock levels of Pol II and increased phosphorylation of nonchromatin bound Pol II, indicating that Fcp1 recycling of RNA polymerase II to an initiationcompetent form is required for optimal Hsp70 heat shock transcription.
Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of The Cell by : Bruce Alberts
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transcriptional Control Through Elongational Pausing in Drosophila Melanogaster by : Eric Brice Rasmussen
Download or read book Transcriptional Control Through Elongational Pausing in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Eric Brice Rasmussen and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dissection of the Precise Mechanisms of RNA Polymerase II Pausing and Elongation Using Nascent Transcript Analysis by : Hojoong Kwak
Download or read book Dissection of the Precise Mechanisms of RNA Polymerase II Pausing and Elongation Using Nascent Transcript Analysis written by Hojoong Kwak and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Limiting RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at various stages of the transcription cycle is critical for gene regulation, which often occurs during the elongation stage at promoter proximal pause sites and in gene bodies. To determine the distribution of Pol II along genes, I used nascent transcript analysis as a general method. First, I identified the precise positions of Pol II pausing near promoters using a genome-wide nuclear run-on, called Precision Run-On sequencing (PRO-seq) in Drosophila embryonic cells. Using this, I revealed how the position of pausing is associated with initiation and promoter DNA elements. To further dissect the precise dynamics of paused Pol II, I probed the stability of paused Pol II and its termination by analyzing steady-state turn-over of the nascent transcript associated with Drosophila Hsp70 promoter. This shows that paused Pol II on Hsp70 is stable for around 5 min and can either terminate or elongate into the gene body, which is consistent with optical measurements of paused Pol II. I also examined how Pol II elongates during the time course of rapid and robust inhibition of pause escape in mouse embryonic stem cells. The analysis of the elongation rates in nearly 1,000 genes showed tight interplay between promoter proximal pausing, early elongation rates, and co-transcriptional splicing at the beginning of the genes. Finally, I demonstrate that the nascent transcriptome analysis methods can be directly extended into mammalian tissues, and show possibility of linking the study of the fundamental mechanism of Pol II into biomedical applications.
Book Synopsis Fnctional Evolution of Promoter-proximal Pausing Factors in the Regulation of RNA Polymerase II Transcription by : Gregory T. Booth
Download or read book Fnctional Evolution of Promoter-proximal Pausing Factors in the Regulation of RNA Polymerase II Transcription written by Gregory T. Booth and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Promoter-proximal pausing of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) is now recognized as a ubiquitous mechanism for regulating gene expression in metazoans. By capturing engaged Pol II shortly after transcription initiation, genes are primed for activation of RNA synthesis, enabling cells to rapidly alter global transcription programs. However, despite conservation of many factors involved in establishing this regulatory platform, many eukaryotes do not control gene expression through this process. Here, the examination of the global transcriptional landscape in two distantly related yeast revealed unprecedented divergence in Pol II distributions across genes. Previously undescribed pause-like profiles were identified within promoter-proximal regions of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, that are sensitive to loss of the conserved elongation factor, Spt4. Thus, fission yeast might employ a variant of the system of regulation found in higher eukaryotes In flies and mammals, Pol II arrested within the promoter proximal region of a gene can only be released through the activity of a positive-transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb), composed of kinase (Cdk9) and cyclin (CycT1/2) subunits. Investigating the functional impact of Cdk9 on transcription in fission yeast revealed that, unlike most metazoan systems, Pol II in S. pombe is capable of overcoming the early elongation barrier after kinase inhibition, although not without consequence. However, fission yeast lack the metazoan-specific negative elongation factor complex (NELF) involved in pausing, perhaps limiting their ability to control the release of Pol II through phosphorylation of the elongation complex. Ultimately, by depleting pausing factors from cell lines derived from Drosophila melanogaster, it was tested whether NELF is required for P-TEFb-regulated pause escape. While global transcription is largely unaffected by the loss of NELF, upon inhibition of Cdk9, a significant amount of Pol II is aberrantly released from the pause, suggesting reduced control of this regulation. These findings suggest that NELF may have evolutionarily refined an ancestral promoter-proximal architecture of the transcription elongation complex, giving rise to a novel mechanism for gene regulation.
Book Synopsis Transcription by : Ronald C. Conaway
Download or read book Transcription written by Ronald C. Conaway and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1994 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a coherent account of many productive lines of investigation, organized as a series of mini-reviews that focus on major research areas including studies on the structure and mechanisms of action of bacterial, viral, and eukaryotic RNA polymerases, and the transcription factors that control their activities. Each review provides a brief but up-to-date account of the progress of research in a particular area, a discussion of the major issues and questions driving that research, and a brief description of the evolving approaches and technologies used to address those questions. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Introduction to Epigenetics by : Renato Paro
Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease
Book Synopsis RNA Polymerase III Transcription by : Robert J. White
Download or read book RNA Polymerase III Transcription written by Robert J. White and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph reviews and summarizes the substantial body of work that has been published on the transcription by polymerase III over the past 5 years. Progress in this field has been very rapid since 1993, and this new edition incorporates all the recent developments and offers the reader a highly detailed analysis of the current state of research on this largest and most complex of the eukaryotic RNA polymerases.
Book Synopsis Role of Promoter DNA Sequences and Environmental Stress in Gene Regulation by RNA Polymerase II Pausing by : Parul Tomar
Download or read book Role of Promoter DNA Sequences and Environmental Stress in Gene Regulation by RNA Polymerase II Pausing written by Parul Tomar and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transcriptional Regulation by : Steven L. McKnight
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation written by Steven L. McKnight and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transcription and Splicing by : B. D. Hames
Download or read book Transcription and Splicing written by B. D. Hames and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1988 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a co-ordinated review of our present knowledge of eukaryotic RNA synthesis.
Book Synopsis Long Noncoding RNAs in Plants by : Santosh Kumar Upadhyay
Download or read book Long Noncoding RNAs in Plants written by Santosh Kumar Upadhyay and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth of human population has increased the demand for improved yield and quality of crops and horticultural plants. However, plant productivity continues to be threatened by stresses such as heat, cold, drought, heavy metals, UV radiations, bacterial and fungal pathogens, and insect pests. Long noncoding RNAs are associated with various developmental pathways, regulatory systems, abiotic and biotic stress responses and signaling, and can provide an alternative strategy for stress management in plants. Long Noncoding RNAs in Plants: Roles in development and stress provides the most recent advances in LncRNAs, including identification, characterization, and their potential applications and uses. Introductory chapters include the basic features and brief history of development of lncRNAs studies in plants. The book then provides the knowledge about the lncRNAs in various important agricultural and horticultural crops such as cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and fiber crop cotton, and their roles and applications in abiotic and biotic stress management. Includes the latest advances and research in long noncoding RNAs in plants Provides alternative strategies for abiotic and biotic stress management in horticultural plants and agricultural crops Focuses on the application and uses of long noncoding RNAs
Book Synopsis Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms by : National Academy of Sciences
Download or read book Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-10-11 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The present book is intended as a progress report on [the] synthetic approach to evolution as it applies to the plant kingdom." With this simple statement, G. Ledyard Stebbins formulated the objectives of Variation and Evolution in Plants, published in 1950, setting forth for plants what became known as the "synthetic theory of evolution" or "the modern synthesis." The pervading conceit of the book was the molding of Darwin's evolution by natural selection within the framework of rapidly advancing genetic knowledge. At the time, Variation and Evolution in Plants significantly extended the scope of the science of plants. Plants, with their unique genetic, physiological, and evolutionary features, had all but been left completely out of the synthesis until that point. Fifty years later, the National Academy of Sciences convened a colloquium to update the advances made by Stebbins. This collection of 17 papers marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of Stebbins' classic. Organized into five sections, the book covers: early evolution and the origin of cells, virus and bacterial models, protoctist models, population variation, and trends and patterns in plant evolution.
Book Synopsis Epigenetics: Development and Disease by : Tapas Kumar Kundu
Download or read book Epigenetics: Development and Disease written by Tapas Kumar Kundu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics fine-tunes the life processes dictated by DNA sequences, but also kick-starts pathophysiological processes including diabetes, AIDS and cancer. This volume tracks the latest research on epigenetics, including work on new-generation therapeutics.
