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Role Of Notch Signaling In Tumorigenesis Stemness And Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transtion In Colorectal Cancer
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Book Synopsis Role of Notch Signaling in Tumorigenesis, Stemness, and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transtion in Colorectal Cancer by : Alexander Fender
Download or read book Role of Notch Signaling in Tumorigenesis, Stemness, and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transtion in Colorectal Cancer written by Alexander Fender and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in both men and women in the United States. Surgical resection and combination chemotherapy are often used for treatment, but in later stages of the disease, these therapies are often unsuccessful. Previous studies have revealed that circulating cancer cells with stem-cell like properties are associated with disease progression and metastatic potential. The Notch signaling pathway has been found to be critical for proliferation and proper functioning in the stem cell compartment of the colon. Preliminary studies from our lab have shown a marked increase in Notch-1 levels from colon tumor tissue as compared to normal colon tissue. This study hypothesizes that overexpression of Notch-1 signaling in colon cancer results in enhanced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and stemness mediated by other Notch family members via the Jagged-1 ligand. Overexpression of Notch-1 resulted in a cell phenotype which resembles that of a cancer stem cell, with a slower dividing time, and enhanced aggressiveness. Furthermore, cells with constitutively active Notch-1 overexpressed proteins associated with stemness and EMT such as CD44 and Slug. The results which we obtained provide an indication that Notch signaling plays a significant role in the upregulation of EMT and stemness in colon cancer.
Book Synopsis The Role of the Notch-3 Receptor in Stemness, EMT, and Tumorigenesis in Colorectal Cancer by : Kaitlyn Elizabeth Vinson
Download or read book The Role of the Notch-3 Receptor in Stemness, EMT, and Tumorigenesis in Colorectal Cancer written by Kaitlyn Elizabeth Vinson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant threat to both men and women alike. Although a small percentage of CRC cases are inherited, the majority of cases arise from environmental causes and are widely attributed to dysfunctional cellular pathways. Currently, the CRC progression model maintains that cancer growth, relapse and metastasis are due primarily to cancer stem cells (CSCs), a cell subpopulation that shares many properties with stem cells through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). We have recently reported that Notch-1 signaling is highly associated with promoting cancer stemness and EMT in CRC. Furthermore, we observed that expression of the Notch-1 receptor also upregulates Jagged-1, a ligand of the Notch receptors, which may affect stemness and EMT. However, this effect is reversed by treatment with DAPT, a [gamma]-secretase and Notch signaling inhibitor. Thus, we hypothesized that the effect of Notch-1 on stemness and EMT in CRC is mediated by Jagged-1 via another member of the Notch pathway, the Notch-3 receptor. To assess our hypothesis, we utilized the colon cancer cell line HCT-116. The parental HCT-116 cells were transduced with an IRES (internal ribosome entry site)-GFP retrovirus that expressed the human intracytoplasmic domain of Notch-1, thus producing the ICN1 cell line. The ICN1 cells were then transduced with a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) construct that effectively knocked down Notch-3, which created the ICN1-shN3 cell line. Growth ability, plating efficiency and colosphere formation were assessed in each cell line. In these experiments, cell culture and Western blot analysis were performed using standard methodology. We found that targeting Notch-3 via shRNA transduction in the colon tumor cell line ICN1-shN3 resulted in a significant decrease of Notch-3 expression. Further Western blot analysis indicated reduced expression of CD44 and Slug, markers for stemness and EMT, respectively. Further analyses showed that in the absence of functioning Notch-3, plating efficiency decreased by 60% and migration decreased by 22% when compared to the ICN1 cell line. These results were accompanied by significant changes in colosphere formation when the ICN1-shN3 cells were compared to ICN1 cells. ICN1-shN3 cells showed a 35% reduction in colosphere formation compared to the ICN cells. This difference was observed in colospheres of both high (33%) and medium/low (37%) proliferative capacity. These data indicate a key role for Notch-3 signaling in Notch-1-induced tumorigenesis mediated by Jagged-1. They also highlight the potential use of Notch-3 inhibitors to effectively target aggressive CRC tumors.
Book Synopsis Intestinal Tumorigenesis by : Vincent W. Yang
Download or read book Intestinal Tumorigenesis written by Vincent W. Yang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-19 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes the information necessary to understand recent critical advances in the mechanisms of intestinal tumorigenesis and to comprehend the complexity of the process. The volume aims to entice new researchers to participate in relevant studies, and to provide a forum for discussion within the scientific community to shape future research in this field. Discoveries in intestinal tumorigenesis lead to further understanding of mechanisms involved in colon cancer. Additionally, advancements in techniques and methods open the doors for new approaches to better define the molecular and organismal mechanisms of intestinal tumorigenesis. Chapters are authored by widely published authorities in the field. Each year, there are close to 150,000 new cases of colorectal cancer, which results in approximately 50,000 deaths per year in the United States; these figures render colorectal cancer a significant health concern. Studies attempting to understand the mechanisms of development and progression of colorectal cancer have been ongoing for decades and each year brings new discoveries yielding a better comprehension of the underlying processes at work.
Book Synopsis TGF-[beta] Signaling, Via Smad3, Mediates Notch Pathway-induced Stemness and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Colon Cancer Cells by : Alexander G. Clark
Download or read book TGF-[beta] Signaling, Via Smad3, Mediates Notch Pathway-induced Stemness and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Colon Cancer Cells written by Alexander G. Clark and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Late stage colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a challenging disease to treat due to several factors including stemness and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Dysfunctional signaling pathways in CRC contribute to these phenomena, including the Notch and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-[beta]) pathways. These pathways integrate external signals by cross-talking with one another to fine-tune cellular responses. We previously found that cells expressing constitutively active Notch1 also had increased expression of Smad3, an important member of the TGF-[beta] signaling pathway. Therefore, we hypothesized that the TGF-[beta] pathway, via Smad3, mediates the Notch-induced stemness and EMT observed in these cells. To test our hypothesis, we used the human colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT-116 and derivative cell lines GFP-v (a control cell line transfected with a retrovirus containing the green fluorescent protein), and ICN1 (a cell line transfected with a retrovirus containing both the green fluorescent protein and constitutively active intracytoplasmic Notch1). These cells were treated with different combinations of TGF-[beta]1 (a TGF-[beta] receptor ligand), DAPT (a [gamma]-secretase inhibitor), or SIS3 (a novel Smad3 inhibitor). Western blot procedures and statistical analysis were performed to determine the cross-talk between the Notch and TGF-[beta] pathways and to assess the effects of Smad3 stimulation and inhibition on Notch and its downstream targets. The role of Smad3 on colosphere formation was also determined using the aforementioned cell lines. Smad3 inhibition induced a decrease in Notch1 and Notch3 receptor expression. Additionally, SIS3 effectively inhibited key stemness and EMT markers such as CD44, Slug, Snail, and Hes1. Colosphere forming ability was also considerably reduced in cells treated with SIS3. These results indicate a key role of TGF-[beta] signaling in Notch1-induced tumorigenesis, and they also suggest a potential use for Smad3 inhibitors in combination with Notch1 inhibitors that are already in use for CRC treatments.
Book Synopsis Notch Signaling in Embryology and Cancer by : Jörg Reichrath
Download or read book Notch Signaling in Embryology and Cancer written by Jörg Reichrath and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thoroughly revised second edition is an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of Notch and Notch signaling in embryology and cancer. It discusses this topic from Notch’s role in the development of the embryo to the Notch signaling pathway’s role in the development of a number of cancers, including breast cancer, malignant melanoma, Non-melanoma skin cancer, intestinal cancer and others. In the years since the previous edition, there have been numerous developments and insights within this rapidly moving field, making this new edition urgently needed. This volume also features discussions of current insights on Notch’s role in senescence, the regulation of Notch signaling by microRNAs, Notch’s role in the microbiome, diet and its influence on Notch signaling and more. Taken as a whole, with its companion books -- Notch Signaling and Embryologic Development and Molecular Basis of Notch Signaling – this is a definitive discussion of the topic, presented by internationally-recognized contributors. Presented in a coherent and accessible structure, this revised and updated second edition is an essential and up-to-date guide for oncologists, embryologists, researchers and advanced students.
Book Synopsis Cellular and Phenotypic Plasticity in Cancer by : Petranel Theresa Ferrao
Download or read book Cellular and Phenotypic Plasticity in Cancer written by Petranel Theresa Ferrao and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-09-17 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT) is known to result in a phenotype change in cells from a proliferative state to a more invasive state. EMT has been reported to drive the metastatic spread of various cancers and has also been associated with drug resistance to cytotoxics and targeted therapeutics. Recently phenotype switching akin to EMT has been reported in non-epithelial cancers such as metastatic melanoma. This process involves changes in EMT-Transcription Factors (EMT-TFs), suggesting that phenotype-switching may be common to several tumour types. It remains unclear as to whether the presence of both Epilthelial-like and Mesenchymal-like cells are a pre-requisite for phenotype switching within a tumour, how this heterogeneity is regulated, and if alteration of cell phenotype is sufficient to mediate migratory changes, or whether drivers of cell migration result in an associated phenotype switch in cancer cells. Similarly it has yet to be clarified if cells in an altered phenotype can be refractory to drug therapy or whether mediators of drug resistance induce a concurrent phenotypic change. Little is known today about the underlying genetic, epigenetic and transient changes that accompany this phenotypic switch and about the role for the tumor micro-environment in influencing it. Hence this is currently an area of speculation and keen interest in the Oncology field with wide-ranging translational implications. In this Frontiers Research Topic, we discuss our current understanding of these concepts in various cancer types including breast cancer, colorectal cancer and metastatic melanoma. This topic covers how these processes of cellular and phenotypic plasticity are regulated and how they relate to cancer initiation, progression, dormancy, metastases and response to cytotoxics or targeted therapies.
Book Synopsis The Role of Notch Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis by :
Download or read book The Role of Notch Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constitutively active forms of Notch receptors have been shown to have oncogenic potential in several cell-types. Aberrant expression of Notch signaling pathway components has been detected in several human tumors, including breast cancer. Since Ras signaling is also activated in several breast cancers, I propose to study the potential interactions between Notch and Ras signaling in breast carcinogenesis. Initial observations revealed that coexpression of a constitutively active form of Notch1 in immortalized breast epithelial HMLE cells expressing low levels of oncogenic Ras rendered them fully transformed. These cells generated soft agar colonies in vitro, and tumors when injected subcutaneously in nude mice. Further characterization of the Notch-Ras pathway interaction revealed that nuclear localization of Notch1 is essential for this cooperation. Dissection of Ras-pathways using the Ras-effector loop mutants revealed that compared to G37 and C40, that activate Ral-GEF and PI3K, respectively, the 535 mutant, which preferentially activates Raf/MAPK pathway, formed efficient colonies with activated Notch1. Interestingly, I found that expression of activated Notch1 rendered the HMLE-low Ras cells highly spindly and fibroblastic - characteristics of epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition (EMT) associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. Very recent reports have indeed demonstrated a role for Notch signaling in EMT associated with normal development and cancers. Accordingly, I investigated the role of Notch signaling in the EMT phenotype of breast cancer cells. I found that inhibition of Notch signaling, using presenilin inhibitor, caused the highly metastatic SUM1315 breast cancer cells to revert to an epithelial phenotype, thereby suggesting that Notch signaling may play an important role in mediating/maintaining the EMT phenotype of breast cancer cells.
Book Synopsis The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Cancer by : Joëlle Roche
Download or read book The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Cancer written by Joëlle Roche and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-04-09 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Cancer" that was published in Cancers
Book Synopsis Notch 3 Affects Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer Via DNA Base Excision Repair Enzymes by : Azeem Khan
Download or read book Notch 3 Affects Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer Via DNA Base Excision Repair Enzymes written by Azeem Khan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 1.2 million cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) arise each year, and 40-50% of CRC patients will reach metastasis. The Notch pathway is known to be dysregulated in CRC, and its relationship with DNA repair mechanisms, which contribute to drug resistance, is currently being established. Previously, we observed a decrease in DNA base excision repair (BER) enzymes and drug resistance upon Notch 1 targeting. We have also observed that Notch 1 signaling is associated with promoting cancer stemness and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in CRC via upregulation of the Notch 3 receptor. Thus, we hypothesized that targeting Notch 3 will increase drug sensitivity in CRC via signaling effects on proteins associated with the DNA BER mechanism. Methods: In order to assess our hypothesis, the colon cancer cell line HCT 116 was transduced with a small hairpin messenger RNA construct that effectively knocked down the Notch 3 receptor, creating the Sh-N3 cell line. Culturing and Western blot analyses were conducted using standard methodology. Drug resistance was analyzed by treating cells with cisplatin or cytarabine, potent DNA damaging agents, and cytotoxicity was assessed. Microscopy was used to confirm effects of the DNA damaging agents. Proteins from the Notch 3 receptor targeted cell line treated with the DNA damaging agents were also studied. Results: Notch 3 targeted (Sh-N3) cells resulted in 1.5-fold lower plating efficiency compared to their counterpart controls (p
Book Synopsis The Cancer Stem Cell Niche by : Susie Nilsson
Download or read book The Cancer Stem Cell Niche written by Susie Nilsson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cancer Stem Cell Niche, Volume Five in the Advances in Stem Cells and their Niches series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics, including Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the bone marrow microenvironment, Stem cell niches in bone and their roles in cancer metastasis, The role of vasculature in cancer stem cell niches, The lung cancer stem cell niche, The prostate cancer stem cell niche: Genetic drivers and therapeutic approaches, Impact of prostate cancer stem cell niches on prostate cancer tumorigenesis and progression, The testicular cancer stem cell niche. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Advances in Stem Cells and their Niches series Includes the latest information on the Cancer Stem Cell Niche
Book Synopsis Notch Signaling Mediates Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells Via Effects on DNA Repair Proteins by : Dennis George
Download or read book Notch Signaling Mediates Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells Via Effects on DNA Repair Proteins written by Dennis George and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and women. Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment efforts, tumor recurrence and chemoresistance remain as considerable challenges. Treatment options are limited if surgery and chemotherapy are unsuccessful. Several studies have implicated the Notch signaling pathway in conferring drug resistance to tumor cells, in addition to increased CRC aggressiveness and potential for metastatic spread. Our group previously showed that Notch-1 signaling is highly associated with promoting cancer stem cell properties in CRC cells. Furthermore, we have also confirmed that human colon tissue samples isolated from CRC patients indicate higher expression of DNA repair proteins associated with Base Excision Repair (BER). Herein, we hypothesized that Notch signaling confers drug resistance to tumor cells via signaling effects on critical proteins associated with DNA repair. Methods: The experiments conducted in this study utilized the colon cancer cell line HCT-116. These cells were transduced with an IRES-GFP retrovirus expressing human intracytoplasmic domain of Notch-1 (ICN1). Another group of HCT-116 cells was transduced with a small hairpin mRNA construct (sh59) that effectively knocked out Notch-1 action. Cell lines were exposed to varying concentrations of cytarabine and cisplatin, potent DNA damaging agents, and observed for chemosensitivity. Western blot analysis was performed using standard methodology. Results: Small hairpin mRNA (sh59) transduction into the colon tumor cell line HCT-116 resulted in a significantly decreased expression of critical BER DNA repair enzymes, Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1) and 8-Oxoguanine glycosylase (OGG1). These changes were accompanied by significantly higher chemosensitivity of these cells to cytarabine and cisplatin treatment as opposed to cells expressing constitutively active Notch-1 signaling. Furthermore, cells with intact Notch signaling expressed upto two-fold increase in expression of APE1 following treatment with cytarabine compared to cells with no Notch-1 expression. Conclusions: These data indicate a key role for Notch signaling in conferring drug resistance to CRC cells via effects on critical proteins of DNA repair. This finding highlights the potential use of Notch-1 inhibitors in combination with PARP1 inhibitors to effectively target highly drug resistant CRC cells.
Book Synopsis Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Cancer Metastasis by : Mohit Kumar Jolly
Download or read book Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Cancer Metastasis written by Mohit Kumar Jolly and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies have highlighted that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is not only about cell migration and invasion, but it can also govern many other important elements such as immunosuppression, metabolic reprogramming, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), stem cell properties, therapy resistance, and tumor microenvironment interactions. With the on-going debate about the requirement of EMT for cancer metastasis, an emerging focus on intermediate states of EMT and its reverse process mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) offer new ideas for metastatic requirements and the dynamics of EMT/MET during the entire metastatic cascade. Therefore, we would like to initiate discussions on viewing EMT and its downstream signaling networks as a fulcrum of cellular plasticity, and a facilitator of the adaptive responses of cancer cells to distant organ microenvironments and various therapeutic assaults. We hereby invite scientists who have prominently contributed to this field, and whose valuable insights have led to the appreciation of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity as a more comprehensive mediator of the adaptive response of cancer cells, with huge implications in metastasis, drug resistance, tumor relapse, and patient survival.
Book Synopsis The Transformed Cell by : Ivan Cameron
Download or read book The Transformed Cell written by Ivan Cameron and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1981-01-01 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Transformed Cell deals with many of the differences that may exist between transformed cells and their normal counterparts. Topics covered range from malignancy and the cell surface to cell cycle regulation in normal and transformed cells; phenotypic expression of malignant transformation and its relationship to energy metabolism; and virus-induced transformation. The involvement of cyclic nucleotides in transformation is also discussed, together with intracellular pH and growth control in eukaryotic cells. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with a brief description of terminology and basic concepts relating to cancer cells, as well as some comments on tumorigenicity and cell transformation. The next two chapters explore the evidence for and against the possible correlation of in vivo tumorigenicity to in vitro changes in the cytoskeletal system; anchorage-dependent growth; plasminogen activator production; agglutinability by lectins; and cell surface and plasma membrane properties. The regulation of cell proliferation and the relationships between ion movement and energy metabolism in normal and transformed cells are then examined, along with the transformation of normal cells by infection with new genetic material from tumor viruses. The remaining chapters focus on selected cellular properties that have been purported to differ between the normal and transformed cell, with particular reference to cyclic nucleotides; polyamine metabolism; cell viscosity; mobility of cellular water; intracellular pH; and element concentration. This monograph will be of interest to biologists and medical practitioners devoted to understanding cancer cell biology and cancer therapy.
Book Synopsis Rediscovering Cancer: From Mechanism to Therapy by : Sayali Mukherjee
Download or read book Rediscovering Cancer: From Mechanism to Therapy written by Sayali Mukherjee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-04 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a snapshot of some of the most important ongoing research in cancer. With cancer as the second leading cause of death worldwide, extensive research is going on globally to decipher the molecular mechanism underlying cancer that will help in finding better targets for drug therapy. The book brings together new research on molecular mechanism and cancer therapeutics in one place. With chapters from experts in their respective fields, chapters cover molecular mechanisms, etiology, prognosis, detection, and treatment of cancer. Emphasis has been given to the intricate mechanism behind the deregulation of cell division, disruption of cell cycle check points, mutation in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, apoptosis, and erratic cell signaling. The book discusses in detail topics such as angiogenesis and tumor microenvironment, which are increasingly receiving attention, especially in the field of neoplastic vascularization and metastasis. The book also includes chapters detailing the current understanding and the future perspective of cancer stem cells.
Book Synopsis Stem Cells – From Hype to Real Hope by : Khawaja Husnain Haider
Download or read book Stem Cells – From Hype to Real Hope written by Khawaja Husnain Haider and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of the bench experience of leading experts from various research labs involved in the cutting edge area of research. The authors describe the use of stem cells both as part of the combinatorial therapeutic intervention approach and as tools (disease model) during drug development, highlighting the shift from a conventional symptomatic treatment strategy to addressing the root cause of the disease process. The book is a continuum of the previously published book entitled "Stem Cells: from Drug to Drug Discovery" which was published in 2017.
Author :Constantinos Koumenis Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :146145915X Total Pages :293 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (614 download)
Book Synopsis Tumor Microenvironment and Cellular Stress by : Constantinos Koumenis
Download or read book Tumor Microenvironment and Cellular Stress written by Constantinos Koumenis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-23 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collection of chapters in this proceeding volume reflects the latest research presented at the Aegean meeting on Tumor Microenvironment and Cellular Stress held in Crete in Fall of 2012. The book provides critical insight to how the tumor microenvironment affects tumor metabolism, cell stemness, cell viability, genomic instability and more. Additional topics include identifying common pathways that are potential candidates for therapeutic intervention, which will stimulate collaboration between groups that are more focused on elucidation of biochemical aspects of stress biology and groups that study the pathophysiological aspects of stress pathways or engaged in drug discovery.
Book Synopsis Molecular and Cell Biology of Cancer by : Rita Fior
Download or read book Molecular and Cell Biology of Cancer written by Rita Fior and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook takes you on a journey to the basic concepts of cancer biology. It combines developmental, evolutionary and cell biology perspectives, to then wrap-up with an integrated clinical approach. The book starts with an introductory chapter, looking at cancer in a nut shell. The subsequent chapters are detailed and the idea of cancer as a mass of somatic cells undergoing a micro-evolutionary Darwinian process is explored. Further, the main Hanahan and Weinberg “Hallmarks of Cancer” are revisited. In most chapters, the fundamental experiments that led to key concepts, connecting basic biology and biomedicine are highlighted. In the book’s closing section all of these concepts are integrated in clinical studies, where molecular diagnosis as well as the various classical and modern therapeutic strategies are addressed. The book is written in an easy-to-read language, like a one-on-one conversation between the writer and the reader, without compromising the scientific accuracy. Therefore, this book is suited not only for advanced undergraduates and master students but also for patients or curious lay people looking for a further understanding of this shattering disease
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