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Riverbank Erosion Rates In The White Clay Creek Watershed Pa
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Book Synopsis Riverbank Erosion Rates in the White Clay Creek Watershed, PA by : Kristen McCarthy
Download or read book Riverbank Erosion Rates in the White Clay Creek Watershed, PA written by Kristen McCarthy and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The supply of sediment to stream channels and estuaries is currently a concern in the Christina River basin. The goal of this study is to provide one component of the sediment budget for the White Clay Creek watershed, a primary watershed in the Christina basin, by quantifying the rates of stream bank erosion and factors that control bank erosion rates. At carefully chosen field sites, bank erosion rates have been estimated using historical aerial imagery and exposed tree root dendrochronology techniques. To explain variations in measured bank erosion rates, a variety of controls are considered including riparian vegetation, near-bank velocity, bank material strength, and the effects of freeze-thaw processes. Results show that for banks with a considerable number of riparian trees the bank erosion rates stay below 12.5 cm/yr, while banks with either no trees, smaller trees, or a small number of trees have erosion rates that vary from 9.9 cm/yr to 36.1 cm/yr. No correlation can be found between near-bank velocity or bank strength versus erosion rates, and the same applies for those sites not dominated by riparian trees. There seems to be some correlation between the material in the basal layer of the bank and bank erosion rates with an average bank erosion rate of 17.0 cm/yr for banks with a basal layer of mostly mud, and 9.5 cm/yr for banks with a basal layer of mostly sand and gravel. The results of this study will later be used to estimate bank erosion rates for the entire White Clay Creek watershed.
Book Synopsis Quantifying the Effects of Freeze-thaw Processes on Riverbank Erosion in the White Clay Creek Watershed, Pa by : Zachary Cannon
Download or read book Quantifying the Effects of Freeze-thaw Processes on Riverbank Erosion in the White Clay Creek Watershed, Pa written by Zachary Cannon and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subaerial erosion of riverbank sediments in the Mid-Atlantic region of the eastern United States is of particular concern with regard to sediment supply and water quality. One process heretofore understudied in this region that may play a role in erosion is the freezing and thawing of riverbank sediments, a process that occurs repeatedly as a consequence of the region's temperate winters. Over the last two years, observations of needle, segregated, and pore-space ice on riverbanks of the White Clay Creek suggest that the region's silty and sandy soils are prone to riverbank erosion and sediment entrainment related to soil freeze-thaw processes. Prior studies have acknowledged that soil freeze-thaw likely contributes to riverbank erosion but without direct quantification. To better understand the climatic conditions driving these processes and to attempt to quantify their effect on sediment erosion, an array of techniques were employed, including measurement of near-surface temperature and soil water content, erosion pins, and close-range digital photogrammetry surveying to monitor change over days to weeks for two vertical riverbanks. Through the winters of 2017 to 2019, periods of rapid freezing followed by significant thawing of water-saturated banks were repeatedly observed. The applied photogrammetry surveying techniques allowed for topographic models with sufficient resolution to quantify centimeter-scale retreat and expansion over the course of freeze-thaw events, fluxes which were validated by traditional erosion pin surveying measurements. These observations help to quantify the heretofore underestimated importance of soil freeze-thaw processes to an overall sediment budget. Additionally, the techniques presented herein lay the groundwork for further study to examine the contribution of freeze-thaw cycling to overall bank erosion rates for the White Clay Creek.
Download or read book Gravel-Bed Rivers written by R. D. Hey and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Journal of Soil and Water Conservation by :
Download or read book Journal of Soil and Water Conservation written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vol. 25, no. 1 contains the society's Lincoln Chapter's Resource conservation glossary.
Book Synopsis Riparian Areas by : National Research Council
Download or read book Riparian Areas written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-10-10 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that wetlands be protected from degradation because of their important ecological functions including maintenance of high water quality and provision of fish and wildlife habitat. However, this protection generally does not encompass riparian areasâ€"the lands bordering rivers and lakesâ€"even though they often provide the same functions as wetlands. Growing recognition of the similarities in wetland and riparian area functioning and the differences in their legal protection led the NRC in 1999 to undertake a study of riparian areas, which has culminated in Riparian Areas: Functioning and Strategies for Management. The report is intended to heighten awareness of riparian areas commensurate with their ecological and societal values. The primary conclusion is that, because riparian areas perform a disproportionate number of biological and physical functions on a unit area basis, restoration of riparian functions along America's waterbodies should be a national goal.
Book Synopsis The Chesapeake & Delaware Canal by :
Download or read book The Chesapeake & Delaware Canal written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Appalachia by : Rudy Abramson
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Appalachia written by Rudy Abramson and published by Univ Tennessee Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 1852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Encyclopedia details subjects traditionally associated with Appalachia - folklore, handcrafts, mountain music, food, and coal mining - but goes far beyond regional stereotypes to treat such wide-ranging topics as the aerospace industry, Native American foodways, ethnic diversity in the coalfields, education reform, linguistic variation, and the contested notion of what it means to be Appalachian, both inside and outside the region." "Researched and developed by the Center for Appalachian Studies and Services at East Tennessee State University, this 1,864-page compendium includes all thirteen states that constitute the northern, central, and southern subregions of Appalachia - from New York to Mississippi. With entries on everything from Adventists to zinc mining, the Encyclopedia of Appalachia is a one-stop guide to all things Appalachian."--BOOK JACKET.
Book Synopsis Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems by : National Research Council
Download or read book Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aldo Leopold, father of the "land ethic," once said, "The time has come for science to busy itself with the earth itself. The first step is to reconstruct a sample of what we had to begin with." The concept he expressedâ€"restorationâ€"is defined in this comprehensive new volume that examines the prospects for repairing the damage society has done to the nation's aquatic resources: lakes, rivers and streams, and wetlands. Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems outlines a national strategy for aquatic restoration, with practical recommendations, and features case studies of aquatic restoration activities around the country. The committee examines: Key concepts and techniques used in restoration. Common factors in successful restoration efforts. Threats to the health of the nation's aquatic ecosystems. Approaches to evaluation before, during, and after a restoration project. The emerging specialties of restoration and landscape ecology.
Book Synopsis Stormwater Management Alternatives by : Joachim Toby Tourbier
Download or read book Stormwater Management Alternatives written by Joachim Toby Tourbier and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply by : National Research Council
Download or read book Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-17 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1997, New York City adopted a mammoth watershed agreement to protect its drinking water and avoid filtration of its large upstate surface water supply. Shortly thereafter, the NRC began an analysis of the agreement's scientific validity. The resulting book finds New York City's watershed agreement to be a good template for proactive watershed management that, if properly implemented, will maintain high water quality. However, it cautions that the agreement is not a guarantee of permanent filtration avoidance because of changing regulations, uncertainties regarding pollution sources, advances in treatment technologies, and natural variations in watershed conditions. The book recommends that New York City place its highest priority on pathogenic microorganisms in the watershed and direct its resources toward improving methods for detecting pathogens, understanding pathogen transport and fate, and demonstrating that best management practices will remove pathogens. Other recommendations, which are broadly applicable to surface water supplies across the country, target buffer zones, stormwater management, water quality monitoring, and effluent trading.
Book Synopsis Sampling Surface and Subsurface Particle-size Distributions in Wadable Gravel- and Cobble-bed Streams for Analyses in Sediment Transport, Hydraulics, and Streambed Monitoring by : Kristin Bunte
Download or read book Sampling Surface and Subsurface Particle-size Distributions in Wadable Gravel- and Cobble-bed Streams for Analyses in Sediment Transport, Hydraulics, and Streambed Monitoring written by Kristin Bunte and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reservoir Sedimentation by : G.W. Annandale
Download or read book Reservoir Sedimentation written by G.W. Annandale and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1987-01-01 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on reservoir sedimentation in recent years has been aimed mainly at water resources projects in developing countries. These countries, especially in Africa, often have to cope with long droughts, flash floods and severe erosion problems. Large reservoir capacities are required to capture water provided by flash floods so as to ensure the supply of water in periods of drought. The problem arising however is that these floods, due to their tremendous stream power, carry enormous volumes of sediment which, due to the size of reservoirs, are virtually deposited in toto in the reservoir basin, leading to fast deterioration of a costly investment. Accurate forecasting of reservoir behaviour is therefore of the utmost importance.This book fills a gap in current literature by providing in one volume comprehensive coverage of techniques required to practically investigate the effects sediment deposition in reservoirs has on the viability of water resources projects. Current techniques for practically estimating sediment yield from catchments, estimating the volume of sediment expected to deposit in reservoirs, predicting sediment distribution and calculating scour downstream of reservoirs are evaluated and presented. The liberal use of diagrams and graphs to explain the various techniques enhances understanding and makes practical application simple. A major feature of the book is the application of stream power theory to explain the process of reservoir sedimentation and to develop four new methods for predicting sediment distribution in reservoirs.The book is primarily directed at practising engineers involved in the planning and design of water resources projects and at post-graduate students interested in this field of study.
Book Synopsis Lowland Floodplain Rivers by : Paul Carling
Download or read book Lowland Floodplain Rivers written by Paul Carling and published by . This book was released on 1992-06-09 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays by international experts designed to reflect the holistic nature of the river valley. Examines the reach scale, channel dynamics, floodplain development and the relationship between channels, floodplains and man in a global context based on specific models. Emphasizes the requirements of the modeler and the necessity of detailed field observation.
Book Synopsis Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control by :
Download or read book Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Engineering with Nature by : Christopher Smith
Download or read book Engineering with Nature written by Christopher Smith and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book River Ice Breakup written by S. Beltaos and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The breakup of a river ice cover can be both fascinating and perilous, owing to ever-changing ice conditions and dynamic processes that sometimes lead to extreme flood events caused by ice jams. Though much progress has been made recently in the study of ice jams, less has been achieved on the more general, and more complex, problem of how to predict the entire breakup process, from the first ice movement to the last ice effect on river stage. This type of knowledge is essential to determining when and where ice jam threats may develop and when they may release and generate steep flood waves that can trigger ice runs and jamming further downstream. In turn, such understanding is invaluable to natural hazard reduction, ecosystem conservation and protection, and adaptation to climatic impacts. This book combines the existing information, previously scattered in various journals, conference proceedings, and technical reports. It contains contributions by several authors to achieve a comprehensive and balanced coverage, including qualitative and quantitative descriptions of relevant physical processes, forecasting methods and flood-frequency assessments, as well as ecological impacts and climatic considerations. The book should be of interest to readers of different backgrounds, both beginners and specialists. -- Publisher's website.
Book Synopsis The Ecology of Old Woman Creek, Ohio by : Charles E. Herdendorf
Download or read book The Ecology of Old Woman Creek, Ohio written by Charles E. Herdendorf and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive ecological study of a Lake Eric estuary and its watershed, including chapters on geology, soils, climatology, hydrolesy, biology, ecology, archaeology, history, and land use. This book serves as a site profile of the only Nation a Estuarine Research Reserve in the Great Lakes Resion. Over 200 color illustrations.
