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Author : Maria-Cristina Patron
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Risk Measures and Optimal Strategies for Discrete Hedging written by Maria-Cristina Patron and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Artur Sepp
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book When You Hedge Discretely written by Artur Sepp and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We consider the delta-hedging strategy for a vanilla option under the discrete hedging and transaction costs, assuming that an option is delta-hedged using the Black-Scholes-Merton model with the log-normal volatility implied by the market price of the option. We analyze the expected profit-and-loss (P&L) of the delta-hedging strategy assuming the four possible dynamics of asset returns under the statistical measure: the log-normal diffusion, the jump-diffusion, the stochastic volatility and the stochastic volatility with jumps. For all of the four models, we derive analytic formulas for the expected P&L, expected transaction costs, and P&L volatility assuming hedging at fixed times. Using these formulas, we formulate the problem of finding the optimal hedging frequency to maximize the Sharpe ratio of the delta-hedging strategy. Also, we show that the Sharpe ratio of the delta-hedging strategy can be improved by incorporating the price and delta bands for the rebalancing of the delta-hedge and provide analytical approximations for computing the optimal bands in our optimization approach. As illustrations, we show that our method provides a very good approximation to the actual Sharpe ratio obtained by Monte Carlo simulations under the time-based re-hedging. In contrary to Monte Carlo simulations, our analytic approach provide a fast and an accurate way to estimate the risk-reward characteristic of the delta-hedging strategy for real time computations.
Author : Hans Föllmer
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110218054
Total Pages : 557 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Stochastic Finance written by Hans Föllmer and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-01-28 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to financial mathematics. It is intended for graduate students in mathematics and for researchers working in academia and industry. The focus on stochastic models in discrete time has two immediate benefits. First, the probabilistic machinery is simpler, and one can discuss right away some of the key problems in the theory of pricing and hedging of financial derivatives. Second, the paradigm of a complete financial market, where all derivatives admit a perfect hedge, becomes the exception rather than the rule. Thus, the need to confront the intrinsic risks arising from market incomleteness appears at a very early stage. The first part of the book contains a study of a simple one-period model, which also serves as a building block for later developments. Topics include the characterization of arbitrage-free markets, preferences on asset profiles, an introduction to equilibrium analysis, and monetary measures of financial risk. In the second part, the idea of dynamic hedging of contingent claims is developed in a multiperiod framework. Topics include martingale measures, pricing formulas for derivatives, American options, superhedging, and hedging strategies with minimal shortfall risk. This third revised and extended edition now contains more than one hundred exercises. It also includes new material on risk measures and the related issue of model uncertainty, in particular a new chapter on dynamic risk measures and new sections on robust utility maximization and on efficient hedging with convex risk measures.
Author : Gang Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book The Determination of an Optimal Hedge Ratio and a Generalized Measure of Risk written by Gang Li and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of futures contracts as hedging instruments to reduce risk has been the focus of much research. Various risk measures have been developed and have subsequently been employed in an effort to create hedging strategies and to calculate optimal hedge ratios. This thesis proposes a more generalized risk model to measure the risk of hedged assets. The five-parameter model presented herein assumes that each investor has a different target return, level of risk aversion, and degree of sensitivity to lower and higher partial moments. The optimal hedging activity for each investor should then seek to minimize the unique generalized risk measure. This paper utilizes an out-of-sample test on a hedged position in the S & P500 index in the period from December 1982 to December 2004. Tests are conducted to determine whether the change of target returns and sensitivity parameters will affect optimal hedge ratios. In addition, whether hedging effectiveness changes significantly in-sample versus out-of-sample, and between each model and a naïve hedging strategy is investigated. Also, mean returns of hedged portfolios are compared for various models. This thesis makes three important contributions. First, this study is the first to implement both higher and lower partial moments in the determination of optimal hedge ratios. Second, an out-of-sample test is considered while most studies use only in-sample tests. Third, this thesis is the first to use discontinuous sample periods to separate market conditions and to analyze hedging performance in bull and bear markets.
Author : Nicholas H. Bingham
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1447138562
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)
Download or read book Risk-Neutral Valuation written by Nicholas H. Bingham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition - completely up to date with new exercises - provides a comprehensive and self-contained treatment of the probabilistic theory behind the risk-neutral valuation principle and its application to the pricing and hedging of financial derivatives. On the probabilistic side, both discrete- and continuous-time stochastic processes are treated, with special emphasis on martingale theory, stochastic integration and change-of-measure techniques. Based on firm probabilistic foundations, general properties of discrete- and continuous-time financial market models are discussed.
Author : Francois Duc
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470740795
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)
Download or read book Market Risk Management for Hedge Funds written by Francois Duc and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-04-01 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a cutting edge introduction to market risk management for Hedge Funds, Hedge Funds of Funds, and the numerous new indices and clones launching coming to market on a near daily basis. It will present the fundamentals of quantitative risk measures by analysing the range of Value-at-Risk (VaR) models used today, addressing the robustness of each model, and looking at new risk measures available to more effectively manage risk in a hedge fund portfolio. The book begins by analysing the current state of the hedge fund industry - at the ongoing institutionalisation of the market, and at its latest developments. It then moves on to examine the range of risks, risk controls, and risk management strategies currently employed by practitioners, and focuses on particular risks embedded in the more classic investment strategies such as Long/Short, Convertible Arbitrage, Fixed Income Arbitrage, Short selling and risk arbitrage. Addressed along side these are other risks common to hedge funds, including liquidity risk, leverage risk and counterparty risk. The book then moves on to examine more closely two models which provide the underpinning for market risk management in investment today - Style Value-at-Risk and Implicit Value-at-Risk. As well as full quantitative analysis and backtesting of each methodology, the authors go on to propose a new style model for style and implicit Var, complete with analysis, real life examples and backtesting. The authors then go on to discuss annualisation issues and risk return before moving on to propose a new model based on the authors own Best Choice Implicit VaR approach, incorporating quantitative analysis, market results and backtesting and also its potential for new hedge fund clone products. This book is the only guide to VaR for Hedge Funds and will prove to be an invaluable resource as we embark into an era of increasing volatility and uncertainty.
Author : John R. Birge
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080553252
Total Pages : 1026 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (532 download)
Download or read book Handbooks in Operations Research and Management Science: Financial Engineering written by John R. Birge and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-11-16 with total page 1026 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The remarkable growth of financial markets over the past decades has been accompanied by an equally remarkable explosion in financial engineering, the interdisciplinary field focusing on applications of mathematical and statistical modeling and computational technology to problems in the financial services industry. The goals of financial engineering research are to develop empirically realistic stochastic models describing dynamics of financial risk variables, such as asset prices, foreign exchange rates, and interest rates, and to develop analytical, computational and statistical methods and tools to implement the models and employ them to design and evaluate financial products and processes to manage risk and to meet financial goals. This handbook describes the latest developments in this rapidly evolving field in the areas of modeling and pricing financial derivatives, building models of interest rates and credit risk, pricing and hedging in incomplete markets, risk management, and portfolio optimization. Leading researchers in each of these areas provide their perspective on the state of the art in terms of analysis, computation, and practical relevance. The authors describe essential results to date, fundamental methods and tools, as well as new views of the existing literature, opportunities, and challenges for future research.
Author : Henrik Hult
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146144103X
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Risk and Portfolio Analysis written by Henrik Hult and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-20 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investment and risk management problems are fundamental problems for financial institutions and involve both speculative and hedging decisions. A structured approach to these problems naturally leads one to the field of applied mathematics in order to translate subjective probability beliefs and attitudes towards risk and reward into actual decisions. In Risk and Portfolio Analysis the authors present sound principles and useful methods for making investment and risk management decisions in the presence of hedgeable and non-hedgeable risks using the simplest possible principles, methods, and models that still capture the essential features of the real-world problems. They use rigorous, yet elementary mathematics, avoiding technically advanced approaches which have no clear methodological purpose and are practically irrelevant. The material progresses systematically and topics such as the pricing and hedging of derivative contracts, investment and hedging principles from portfolio theory, and risk measurement and multivariate models from risk management are covered appropriately. The theory is combined with numerous real-world examples that illustrate how the principles, methods, and models can be combined to approach concrete problems and to draw useful conclusions. Exercises are included at the end of the chapters to help reinforce the text and provide insight. This book will serve advanced undergraduate and graduate students, and practitioners in insurance, finance as well as regulators. Prerequisites include undergraduate level courses in linear algebra, analysis, statistics and probability.
Author : Tianjiao Gao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Optimal Hedging Strategy for Risk Management on a Network written by Tianjiao Gao and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we derive and assess a framework in which a firm's financial environment is an integral part of its hedging decisions. In the framework, the characteristics of firms in the network and their interconnections affect the firm's risk management strategy through impact on contract cost and efficacy of protection. We apply the model to an investment fund's decision making problem for transferring equity risk to a set of banks and obtain its optimal hedging decision based on a risk-return tradeoff analysis. We find hedge costs greatly influence the fund's choice of counterparties for contract: the cost advantage of a counterparty would award it a dominant role in the magnitude of protection sought from the counterparty. In the a posteriori analysis, we evaluate the hedge efficacy in terms of the counterparties' ability to honor the hedge contract. We investigate counter-party risk by introducing network-caused default probability and recovery rate to our model. We find that the objective and measures used for corporate risk management decide the optimality of hedge contract in the a posteriori analysis. Firms focusing on minimizing variance of firm value might consider a small deviation from the a priori optimal strategy; while those focussed on tail risk tend to stay with the a priori optimal strategy.
Author : Oleg V. Bychuk
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111808537X
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Hedging Market Exposures written by Oleg V. Bychuk and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identify and understand the risks facing your portfolio, how to quantify them, and the best tools to hedge them This book scrutinizes the various risks confronting a portfolio, equips the reader with the tools necessary to identify and understand these risks, and discusses the best ways to hedge them. The book does not require a specialized mathematical foundation, and so will appeal to both the generalist and specialist alike. For the generalist, who may not have a deep knowledge of mathematics, the book illustrates, through the copious use of examples, how to identify risks that can sometimes be hidden, and provides practical examples of quantifying and hedging exposures. For the specialist, the authors provide a detailed discussion of the mathematical foundations of risk management, and draw on their experience of hedging complex multi-asset class portfolios, providing practical advice and insights. Provides a clear description of the risks faced by managers with equity, fixed income, commodity, credit and foreign exchange exposures Elaborates methods of quantifying these risks Discusses the various tools available for hedging, and how to choose optimal hedging instruments Illuminates hidden risks such as counterparty, operational, human behavior and model risks, and expounds the importance and instability of model assumptions, such as market correlations, and their attendant dangers Explains in clear yet effective terms the language of quantitative finance and enables a non-quantitative investment professional to communicate effectively with professional risk managers, "quants", clients and others Providing thorough coverage of asset modeling, hedging principles, hedging instruments, and practical portfolio management, Hedging Market Exposures helps portfolio managers, bankers, transactors and finance and accounting executives understand the risks their business faces and the ways to quantify and control them.
Author : Slobodan Jovanovic
Publisher : Harriman House Limited
ISBN 13 : 0857193295
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (571 download)
Download or read book Hedging Commodities written by Slobodan Jovanovic and published by Harriman House Limited. This book was released on 2014-02-03 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an invaluable resource of hedging case studies and examples, explaining with clarity and coherence how various instruments - such as futures and options - are used in different market scenarios to contain, control and eliminate price risk exposure. Its core objective is to elucidate hedging transactions and provide a systematic, comprehensive view on hedge performance. When it comes to hedge strategies specifically, great effort has been employed to create new instruments and concepts that will prove to be superior to classic methods and interpretations. The concept of hedge patterns - introduced here - proves it is possible to tabulate a hedging strategy and interpret its use with diagrams, so each example is shown visually with the result of radical clarity. A compelling visual pattern is also attached to each case study to give you the ability to compare different solutions and apply a best-fit hedging strategy in real-world situations. A diverse range of hedging transactions showing the ultimate payoff profiles and performance metrics are included. These have been designed to achieve the ultimate goal - to convey the necessary skills to allow business and risk management teams to develop proper hedging mechanisms and apply them in practice.
Author : Jianfa Cong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book VaR-Based Optimal Partial Hedging written by Jianfa Cong and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hedging is one of the most important topics in finance. When a financial market is complete, every contingent claim can be hedged perfectly to eliminate any potential future obligations. When the financial market is incomplete, the investor may eliminate his risk exposure by superhedging. In practice, both hedging strategies are not satisfactory due to their high implementation costs which erode the chance of making any profit. A more practical and desirable strategy is to resort to the partial hedging which hedges the future obligation only partially. The quantile hedging of Follmer and Leukert (1999), which maximizes the probability of a successful hedge for a given budget constraint, is an example of the partial hedging. Inspired by the principle underlying the partial hedging, this paper proposes a general partial hedging model by minimizing any desirable risk measure of the total risk exposure of an investor. By confining to the Value-at-Risk (VaR) measure, analytic optimal partial hedging strategies are derived. The optimal partial hedging strategy is either a knock-out call strategy or a bull call spread strategy, depending on the admissible classes of hedging strategies. Our proposed VaR-based partial hedging model has the advantage of its simplicity and robustness. The optimal hedging strategy is easy to determine. Furthermore, the structure of the optimal hedging strategy is independent of the assumed market model. This is in contrast to the quantile hedging which is sensitive to the assumed model as well as the parameter values. Extensive numerical examples are provided to compare and contrast our proposed partial hedging to the quantile hedging.
Author : Hans Föllmer
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110463458
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Stochastic Finance written by Hans Föllmer and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2016-07-25 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to financial mathematics. It is intended for graduate students in mathematics and for researchers working in academia and industry. The focus on stochastic models in discrete time has two immediate benefits. First, the probabilistic machinery is simpler, and one can discuss right away some of the key problems in the theory of pricing and hedging of financial derivatives. Second, the paradigm of a complete financial market, where all derivatives admit a perfect hedge, becomes the exception rather than the rule. Thus, the need to confront the intrinsic risks arising from market incomleteness appears at a very early stage. The first part of the book contains a study of a simple one-period model, which also serves as a building block for later developments. Topics include the characterization of arbitrage-free markets, preferences on asset profiles, an introduction to equilibrium analysis, and monetary measures of financial risk. In the second part, the idea of dynamic hedging of contingent claims is developed in a multiperiod framework. Topics include martingale measures, pricing formulas for derivatives, American options, superhedging, and hedging strategies with minimal shortfall risk. This fourth, newly revised edition contains more than one hundred exercises. It also includes material on risk measures and the related issue of model uncertainty, in particular a chapter on dynamic risk measures and sections on robust utility maximization and on efficient hedging with convex risk measures. Contents: Part I: Mathematical finance in one period Arbitrage theory Preferences Optimality and equilibrium Monetary measures of risk Part II: Dynamic hedging Dynamic arbitrage theory American contingent claims Superhedging Efficient hedging Hedging under constraints Minimizing the hedging error Dynamic risk measures
Author : Johan Hagenbjörk
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 917929927X
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (792 download)
Download or read book Optimization-Based Models for Measuring and Hedging Risk in Fixed Income Markets written by Johan Hagenbjörk and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-12-09 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global fixed income market is an enormous financial market whose value by far exceeds that of the public stock markets. The interbank market consists of interest rate derivatives, whose primary purpose is to manage interest rate risk. The credit market primarily consists of the bond market, which links investors to companies, institutions, and governments with borrowing needs. This dissertation takes an optimization perspective upon modeling both these areas of the fixed-income market. Legislators on the national markets require financial actors to value their financial assets in accordance with market prices. Thus, prices of many assets, which are not publicly traded, must be determined mathematically. The financial quantities needed for pricing are not directly observable but must be measured through solving inverse optimization problems. These measurements are based on the available market prices, which are observed with various degrees of measurement noise. For the interbank market, the relevant financial quantities consist of term structures of interest rates, which are curves displaying the market rates for different maturities. For the bond market, credit risk is an additional factor that can be modeled through default intensity curves and term structures of recovery rates in case of default. By formulating suitable optimization models, the different underlying financial quantities can be measured in accordance with observable market prices, while conditions for economic realism are imposed. Measuring and managing risk is closely connected to the measurement of the underlying financial quantities. Through a data-driven method, we can show that six systematic risk factors can be used to explain almost all variance in the interest rate curves. By modeling the dynamics of these six risk factors, possible outcomes can be simulated in the form of term structure scenarios. For short-term simulation horizons, this results in a representation of the portfolio value distribution that is consistent with the realized outcomes from historically observed term structures. This enables more accurate measurements of interest rate risk, where our proposed method exhibits both lower risk and lower pricing errors compared to traditional models. We propose a method for decomposing changes in portfolio values for an arbitrary portfolio into the risk factors that affect the value of each instrument. By demonstrating the method for the six systematic risk factors identified for the interbank market, we show that almost all changes in portfolio value and portfolio variance can be attributed to these risk factors. Additional risk factors and approximation errors are gathered into two terms, which can be studied to ensure the quality of the performance attribution, and possibly improve it. To eliminate undesired risk within trading books, banks use hedging. Traditional methods do not take transaction costs into account. We, therefore, propose a method for managing the risks in the interbank market through a stochastic optimization model that considers transaction costs. This method is based on a scenario approximation of the optimization problem where the six systematic risk factors are simulated, and the portfolio variance is weighted against the transaction costs. This results in a method that is preferred over the traditional methods for all risk-averse investors. For the credit market, we use data from the bond market in combination with the interbank market to make accurate measurements of the financial quantities. We address the notoriously difficult problem of separating default risk from recovery risk. In addition to the previous identified six systematic risk factors for risk-free interests, we identify four risk factors that explain almost all variance in default intensities, while a single risk factor seems sufficient to model the recovery risk. Overall, this is a higher number of risk factors than is usually found in the literature. Through a simple model, we can measure the variance in bond prices in terms of these systematic risk factors, and through performance attribution, we relate these values to the empirically realized variances from the quoted bond prices. De globala ränte- och kreditmarknaderna är enorma finansiella marknader vars sammanlagda värden vida överstiger de publika aktiemarknadernas. Räntemarknaden består av räntederivat vars främsta användningsområde är hantering av ränterisker. Kreditmarknaden utgörs i första hand av obligationsmarknaden som syftar till att förmedla pengar från investerare till företag, institutioner och stater med upplåningsbehov. Denna avhandling fokuserar på att utifrån ett optimeringsperspektiv modellera både ränte- och obligationsmarknaden. Lagstiftarna på de nationella marknaderna kräver att de finansiella aktörerna värderar sina finansiella tillgångar i enlighet med marknadspriser. Därmed måste priserna på många instrument, som inte handlas publikt, beräknas matematiskt. De finansiella storheter som krävs för denna prissättning är inte direkt observerbara, utan måste mätas genom att lösa inversa optimeringsproblem. Dessa mätningar görs utifrån tillgängliga marknadspriser, som observeras med varierande grad av mätbrus. För räntemarknaden utgörs de relevanta finansiella storheterna av räntekurvor som åskådliggör marknadsräntorna för olika löptider. För obligationsmarknaden utgör kreditrisken en ytterligare faktor som modelleras via fallissemangsintensitetskurvor och kurvor kopplade till förväntat återvunnet kapital vid eventuellt fallissemang. Genom att formulera lämpliga optimeringsmodeller kan de olika underliggande finansiella storheterna mätas i enlighet med observerbara marknadspriser samtidigt som ekonomisk realism eftersträvas. Mätning och hantering av risker är nära kopplat till mätningen av de underliggande finansiella storheterna. Genom en datadriven metod kan vi visa att sex systematiska riskfaktorer kan användas för att förklara nästan all varians i räntekurvorna. Genom att modellera dynamiken i dessa sex riskfaktorer kan tänkbara utfall för räntekurvor simuleras. För kortsiktiga simuleringshorisonter resulterar detta i en representation av fördelningen av portföljvärden som väl överensstämmer med de realiserade utfallen från historiskt observerade räntekurvor. Detta möjliggör noggrannare mätningar av ränterisk där vår föreslagna metod uppvisar såväl lägre risk som mindre prissättningsfel jämfört med traditionella modeller. Vi föreslår en metod för att dekomponera portföljutvecklingen för en godtycklig portfölj till de riskfaktorer som påverkar värdet för respektive instrument. Genom att demonstrera metoden för de sex systematiska riskfaktorerna som identifierats för räntemarknaden visar vi att nästan all portföljutveckling och portföljvarians kan härledas till dessa riskfaktorer. Övriga riskfaktorer och approximationsfel samlas i två termer, vilka kan användas för att säkerställa och eventuellt förbättra kvaliteten i prestationshärledningen. För att eliminera oönskad risk i sina tradingböcker använder banker sig av hedging. Traditionella metoder tar ingen hänsyn till transaktionskostnader. Vi föreslår därför en metod för att hantera riskerna på räntemarknaden genom en stokastisk optimeringsmodell som också tar hänsyn till transaktionskostnader. Denna metod bygger på en scenarioapproximation av optimeringsproblemet där de sex systematiska riskfaktorerna simuleras och portföljvariansen vägs mot transaktionskostnaderna. Detta resulterar i en metod som, för alla riskaverta investerare, är att föredra framför de traditionella metoderna. På kreditmarknaden använder vi data från obligationsmarknaden i kombination räntemarknaden för att göra noggranna mätningar av de finansiella storheterna. Vi angriper det erkänt svåra problemet att separera fallissemangsrisk från återvinningsrisk. Förutom de tidigare sex systematiska riskfaktorerna för riskfri ränta, identifierar vi fyra riskfaktorer som förklarar nästan all varians i fallissemangsintensiteter, medan en enda riskfaktor tycks räcka för att modellera återvinningsrisken. Sammanlagt är detta ett större antal riskfaktorer än vad som brukar användas i litteraturen. Via en enkel modell kan vi mäta variansen i obligationspriser i termer av dessa systematiska riskfaktorer och genom prestationshärledningen relatera dessa värden till de empiriskt realiserade varianserna från kvoterade obligationspriser.
Author : Nassim Nicholas Taleb
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471152804
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (528 download)
Download or read book Dynamic Hedging written by Nassim Nicholas Taleb and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997-01-14 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destined to become a market classic, Dynamic Hedging is the only practical reference in exotic options hedgingand arbitrage for professional traders and money managers Watch the professionals. From central banks to brokerages to multinationals, institutional investors are flocking to a new generation of exotic and complex options contracts and derivatives. But the promise of ever larger profits also creates the potential for catastrophic trading losses. Now more than ever, the key to trading derivatives lies in implementing preventive risk management techniques that plan for and avoid these appalling downturns. Unlike other books that offer risk management for corporate treasurers, Dynamic Hedging targets the real-world needs of professional traders and money managers. Written by a leading options trader and derivatives risk advisor to global banks and exchanges, this book provides a practical, real-world methodology for monitoring and managing all the risks associated with portfolio management. Nassim Nicholas Taleb is the founder of Empirica Capital LLC, a hedge fund operator, and a fellow at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences of New York University. He has held a variety of senior derivative trading positions in New York and London and worked as an independent floor trader in Chicago. Dr. Taleb was inducted in February 2001 in the Derivatives Strategy Hall of Fame. He received an MBA from the Wharton School and a Ph.D. from University Paris-Dauphine.
Author : Katharyn Arabella Boyle
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Risk Minimization Hedging Methods Using Options written by Katharyn Arabella Boyle and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jingong Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Risk Management with Basis Risk written by Jingong Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basis risk occurs naturally in a variety of financial and actuarial applications, and it introduces additional complexity to the risk management problems. Current literature on quantifying and managing basis risk is still quite limited, and one class of important questions that remains open is how to conduct effective risk mitigation when basis risk is involved and perfect hedging is either impossible or too expensive. The theme of this thesis is to study risk management problems in the presence of basis risk under three settings: 1) hedging equity-linked financial derivatives; 2) hedging longevity risk; and 3) index insurance design. First we consider the problem of hedging a vanilla European option using a liquidly traded asset which is not the underlying asset but correlates to the underlying and we investigate an optimal construction of hedging portfolio involving such an asset. The mean-variance criterion is adopted to evaluate the hedging performance, and a subgame Nash equilibrium is used to define the optimal solution. The problem is solved by resorting to a dynamic programming procedure and a change-of-measure technique. A closed-form optimal control process is obtained under a general diffusion model. The solution we obtain is highly tractable and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the analytical solution exists for dynamic hedging of general vanilla European options with basis risk under the mean-variance criterion. Examples on hedging European call options are presented to foster the feasibility and importance of our optimal hedging strategy in the presence of basis risk. We then explore the problem of optimal dynamic longevity hedge. From a pension plan sponsor's perspective, we study dynamic hedging strategies for longevity risk using standardized securities in a discrete-time setting. The hedging securities are linked to a population which may differ from the underlying population of the pension plan, and thus basis risk arises. Drawing from the technique of dynamic programming, we develop a framework which allows us to obtain analytical optimal dynamic hedging strategies to achieve the minimum variance of hedging error. For the first time in the literature, analytical optimal solutions are obtained for such a hedging problem. The most striking advantage of the method lies in its flexibility. While q-forwards are considered in the specific implementation in the paper, our method is readily applicable to other securities such as longevity swaps. Further, our method is implementable for a variety of longevity models including Lee-Carter, Cairns-Blake-Dowd (CBD) and their variants. Extensive numerical experiments show that our hedging method significantly outperforms the standard “delta” hedging strategy which is commonly adopted in the literature. Lastly we study the problem of optimal index insurance design under an expected utility maximization framework. For general utility functions, we formally prove the existence and uniqueness of optimal contract, and develop an effective numerical procedure to calculate the optimal solution. For exponential utility and quadratic utility functions, we obtain analytical expression of the optimal indemnity function. Our results show that the indemnity can be a highly non-linear and even non-monotonic function of the index variable in order to align with the actuarial loss variable so as to achieve the best reduction in basis risk. Due to the generality of model setup, our proposed method is readily applicable to a variety of insurance applications including index-linked mortality securities, weather index agriculture insurance and index-based catastrophe insurance. Our method is illustrated by a numerical example where weather index insurance is designed for protection against the adverse rice yield using temperature and precipitation as the underlying indices. Numerical results show that our optimal index insurance significantly outperforms linear-type index insurance contracts in terms of reducing basis risk.
