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Rhythmic Action Synchronizes Memory Replay During Reinforcement Learning
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Book Synopsis Rhythms of the Brain by : G. Buzsáki
Download or read book Rhythms of the Brain written by G. Buzsáki and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of mechanisms in the brain that allow complicated things to happen in a coordinated fashion have produced some of the most spectacular discoveries in neuroscience. This book provides eloquent support for the idea that spontaneous neuron activity, far from being mere noise, is actually the source of our cognitive abilities. It takes a fresh look at the coevolution of structure and function in the mammalian brain, illustrating how self-emerged oscillatory timing is the brain's fundamental organizer of neuronal information. The small-world-like connectivity of the cerebral cortex allows for global computation on multiple spatial and temporal scales. The perpetual interactions among the multiple network oscillators keep cortical systems in a highly sensitive "metastable" state and provide energy-efficient synchronizing mechanisms via weak links. In a sequence of "cycles," György Buzsáki guides the reader from the physics of oscillations through neuronal assembly organization to complex cognitive processing and memory storage. His clear, fluid writing-accessible to any reader with some scientific knowledge-is supplemented by extensive footnotes and references that make it just as gratifying and instructive a read for the specialist. The coherent view of a single author who has been at the forefront of research in this exciting field, this volume is essential reading for anyone interested in our rapidly evolving understanding of the brain.
Book Synopsis The CA3 Region of the Hippocampus: How is it? What is it for? How does it do it? by : Enrico Cherubini
Download or read book The CA3 Region of the Hippocampus: How is it? What is it for? How does it do it? written by Enrico Cherubini and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-08-19 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The CA3 hippocampal region receives information from the entorhinal cortex either directly from the perforant path or indirectly from the dentate gyrus via the mossy fibers (MFs). According to their specific targets (principal/mossy cells or interneurons), MFs terminate with large boutons or small filopodial extensions, respectively. MF-CA3 synapses are characterized by a low probability of release and pronounced frequency-dependent facilitation. In addition MF terminals are endowed with mGluRs that regulate their own release. We will describe the intrinsic membrane properties of pyramidal cells, which can sometimes fire in bursts, together with the geometry of their dendritic arborization. The single layer of pyramidal cells is quite distinct from the six-layered neocortical arrangement. The resulting aligned dendrites provides the substrate for laminated excitatory inputs. They also underlie a precise, diversity of inhibitory control which we will also describe in detail. The CA3 region has an especially rich internal connectivity, with recurrent excitatory and inhibitory loops. In recent years both in vivo and in vitro studies have allowed to better understand functional properties of the CA3 auto-associative network and its role in information processing. This circuit is implicated in encoding spatial representations and episodic memories. It generates physiological population synchronies, including gamma, theta and sharp-waves that are presumed to associate firing in selected assemblies of cells in different behavioral conditions. The CA3 region is susceptible to neurodegeneration during aging and after stresses such as infection or injury. Loss of some CA3 neurones has striking effects on mossy fiber inputs and can facilitate the generation of pathologic synchrony within the CA3 micro-circuit. The aim of this special topic is to bring together experts on the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the wiring properties of the CA3 hippocampal microcircuit in both physiological and pathological conditions, synaptic plasticity, behavior and cognition.We will particularly emphasize the dual glutamatergic and GABAergic phenotype of MF-CA3 synapses at early developmental stages and the steps that regulate the integration of newly generated neurons into the adult dentate gyrus-CA3 circuit.
Book Synopsis Beyond the Cognitive Map by : A. David Redish
Download or read book Beyond the Cognitive Map written by A. David Redish and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are currently two major theories about the role of the hippocampus, a distinctive structure in the back of the temporal lobe. One says that it stores a cognitive map, the other that it is a key locus for the temporary storage of episodic memories. A. David Redish takes the approach that understanding the role of the hippocampus in space will make it possible to address its role in less easily quantifiable areas such as memory. Basing his investigation on the study of rodent navigation--one of the primary domains for understanding information processing in the brain--he places the hippocampus in its anatomical context as part of a greater functional system. Redish draws on the extensive experimental and theoretical work of the last 100 years to paint a coherent picture of rodent navigation. His presentation encompasses multiple levels of analysis, from single-unit recording results to behavioral tasks to computational modeling. From this foundation, he proposes a novel understanding of the role of the hippocampus in rodents that can shed light on the role of the hippocampus in primates, explaining data from primate studies and human neurology. The book will be of interest not only to neuroscientists and psychologists, but also to researchers in computer science, robotics, artificial intelligence, and artificial life.
Book Synopsis Goal-Directed Decision Making by : Richard W. Morris
Download or read book Goal-Directed Decision Making written by Richard W. Morris and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-23 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Goal-Directed Decision Making: Computations and Neural Circuits examines the role of goal-directed choice. It begins with an examination of the computations performed by associated circuits, but then moves on to in-depth examinations on how goal-directed learning interacts with other forms of choice and response selection. This is the only book that embraces the multidisciplinary nature of this area of decision-making, integrating our knowledge of goal-directed decision-making from basic, computational, clinical, and ethology research into a single resource that is invaluable for neuroscientists, psychologists and computer scientists alike. The book presents discussions on the broader field of decision-making and how it has expanded to incorporate ideas related to flexible behaviors, such as cognitive control, economic choice, and Bayesian inference, as well as the influences that motivation, context and cues have on behavior and decision-making. - Details the neural circuits functionally involved in goal-directed decision-making and the computations these circuits perform - Discusses changes in goal-directed decision-making spurred by development and disorders, and within real-world applications, including social contexts and addiction - Synthesizes neuroscience, psychology and computer science research to offer a unique perspective on the central and emerging issues in goal-directed decision-making
Book Synopsis Memory, Amnesia, and the Hippocampal System by : Neal J. Cohen
Download or read book Memory, Amnesia, and the Hippocampal System written by Neal J. Cohen and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 1182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this sweeping synthesis, Neal J. Cohen and Howard Eichenbaum bring together converging findings from neuropsychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science that provide the critical clues and constraints for developing a more comprehensive understanding of memory. Specifically, they offer a cognitive neuroscience theory of memory that accounts for the nature of memory impairment exhibited in human amnesia and animal models of amnesia, that specifies the functional role played by the hippocampal system in memory, and that provides further understanding of the componential structure of memory.The authors' central thesis is that the hippocampal system mediates a capacity for declarative memory, the kind of memory that in humans supports conscious recollection and the explicit and flexible expression of memories. They argue that this capacity emerges from a representation of critical relations among items in memory, and that such a relational representation supports the ability to make inferences and generalizations from memory, and to manipulate and flexibly express memory in countless ways. In articulating such a description of the fundamental nature of declarative representation and of the mnemonic capabilities to which it gives rise, the authors' theory constitutes a major extension and elaboration of the earlier procedural-declarative account of memory.Support for this view is taken from a variety of experimental studies of amnesia in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. Additional support is drawn from observations concerning the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the hippocampal system. The data taken from divergent literatures are shown to converge on the central theme of hippocampal involvement in declarative memory across species and across behavioral paradigms.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Brain Microcircuits by : Gordon M. Shepherd
Download or read book Handbook of Brain Microcircuits written by Gordon M. Shepherd and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to focus on principles, each chapter in this work is brief, organized around 1-3 wiring diagrams of the key circuits, with several pages of text that distil the functional significance of each microcircuit
Download or read book Music and Memory written by Bob Snyder and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Divided into two parts, this book shows how human memory influences the organization of music. The first part presents ideas about memory and perception from cognitive psychology and the second part of the book shows how these concepts are exemplified in music.
Book Synopsis Science of Memory by : Henry L. Roediger III
Download or read book Science of Memory written by Henry L. Roediger III and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-04-26 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists currently study memory from many different perspectives: neurobiological, ethological, animal conditioning, cognitive, behavioral neuroscience, social, and cultural. The aim of this book is to help initiate a new science of memory by bringing these perspectives together to create a unified understanding of the topic. The book began with a conference where leading practitioners from all these major approaches met to analyze and discuss 16 concepts that are crucial to our understanding of memory. Each of these 16 concepts is addressed in a section of the book, and in the 66 succinct chapters that fill these sections, a leading researcher addresses the section's concept by clearly stating his or her position on it, elucidating how it is used, and discussing how it should be used in future research. For some concepts, there is general agreement among practitioners from different fields and levels of analysis, but for others there is general disagreement and much controversy. A final chapter in each section, also written by a leading researcher, integrates the various viewpoints offered on the section's concept, then draws conclusions about the concept. This groundbreaking volume will be an indispensable reference for all the students and researchers who will build upon the foundation it provides for the new science of memory.
Book Synopsis The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map by : John O'Keefe
Download or read book The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map written by John O'Keefe and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1978 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sleep-Wake Neurobiology and Pharmacology by : Hans-Peter Landolt
Download or read book Sleep-Wake Neurobiology and Pharmacology written by Hans-Peter Landolt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume connects current ideas and concepts about sleep functions and circadian rhythms with the search for novel target-selective sleep-wake therapeutics. To do so, it provides a timely, state-of-the-art overview of sleep-wake mechanisms in health and disease, ongoing developments in drug discovery, and their prospects for the clinical treatment of sleep-disordered patients. It particularly focuses on the concept that sleep and wakefulness mutually affect each other, and the future therapeutic interventions with either sleep- or wake-promoting agents that are expected to not only improve the quality of sleep but also the waking behavior, cognition, mood and other sleep-associated physiological functions. The chapter 'Sleep Physiology, Circadian Rhythms, Waking Performance and the Development of Sleep-Wake Therapeutics' available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com
Book Synopsis Temporal Coding in the Brain by : G. Buzsaki
Download or read book Temporal Coding in the Brain written by G. Buzsaki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temporal coding in the brain documents a revolution now occurring in the neurosciences. How does parallel processing of information bind together the complex nature of the outer and our inner worlds? Do intrinsic oscillations and transient cooperative states of neurons represent the physiological basis of cognitive and motor functions of the brain? Some answers to these challenging issues are provided in this book by leading world experts of brain function. A common denominator of the works presented in this volume is the nature and mechanisms of neuronal cooperation in the temporal domain. The topics range from simple organisms to the human brain. The volume is intended for investigators and graduate students in neurophysiology, cognitive neuroscience, neural computation and neurology.
Download or read book Blindsight written by Peter Watts and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2006-10-03 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hugo and Shirley Jackson award-winning Peter Watts stands on the cutting edge of hard SF with his acclaimed novel, Blindsight Two months since the stars fell... Two months of silence, while a world held its breath. Now some half-derelict space probe, sparking fitfully past Neptune's orbit, hears a whisper from the edge of the solar system: a faint signal sweeping the cosmos like a lighthouse beam. Whatever's out there isn't talking to us. It's talking to some distant star, perhaps. Or perhaps to something closer, something en route. So who do you send to force introductions with unknown and unknowable alien intellect that doesn't wish to be met? You send a linguist with multiple personalities, her brain surgically partitioned into separate, sentient processing cores. You send a biologist so radically interfaced with machinery that he sees x-rays and tastes ultrasound. You send a pacifist warrior in the faint hope she won't be needed. You send a monster to command them all, an extinct hominid predator once called vampire, recalled from the grave with the voodoo of recombinant genetics and the blood of sociopaths. And you send a synthesist—an informational topologist with half his mind gone—as an interface between here and there. Pray they can be trusted with the fate of a world. They may be more alien than the thing they've been sent to find. At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.
Book Synopsis The Hippocampus in Clinical Neuroscience by : K. Szabo
Download or read book The Hippocampus in Clinical Neuroscience written by K. Szabo and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2014-04-23 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hippocampus is one of the most intriguing structures of the human brain. Damage to this part causes symptoms ranging from transient disorders accompanied by tiny lesions to severely debilitating cognitive disorders with marked tissue loss. This publication provides a predominantly clinical approach to the complex workings of the hippocampus from different perspectives, ranging from basic principles to specific diseases. The first part of the book summarizes current knowledge regarding the structure and physiology of the hippocampus and establishes the ties to basic neuroscience. The second part deals with the function and assessment of the human hippocampus, including memory function, neuropsychological measures, and conventional and functional imaging studies. The chapters of the third part are devoted to the hippocampus in neurological disorders, e.g. the interaction between stress and memory function, and the pathological conditions of common as well as selected rare neurological diseases affecting the hippocampus. The book is highly recommended to clinical neurologists who wish to gain a broad understanding of this complex and fascinating organ in terms of basic principles, modern imaging findings, and specific diseases.
Book Synopsis Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory Consolidation by : Nikolai Axmacher
Download or read book Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory Consolidation written by Nikolai Axmacher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-09 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume provides an overview the state-of-the-art in the field of cognitive neuroscience of memory consolidation. In a number of sections, the editors collect contributions of leading researchers . The topical focus lies on current issues of interest such as memory consolidation including working and long-term memory. In particular, the role of sleep in relation to memory consolidation will be addressed. The target audience primarily comprises research experts in the field of cognitive neuroscience but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.
Book Synopsis Space,Time and Memory in the Hippocampal Formation by : Dori Derdikman
Download or read book Space,Time and Memory in the Hippocampal Formation written by Dori Derdikman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of new cell types, such as grid and time cells, in the hippocampus has been accompanied by major anatomical and theoretical insights in the recent years. This book provides comprehensive, up-to-date information about the hippocampal formation and especially the neural basis of episodic memory, spatial location (the formation of the cognitive map) and temporal representation. The first part of the book describes the information flow from pre-hippocampal areas into the hippocampus, the second part discusses the different types of hippocampal processing and finally, the third part depicts the influence that the hippocampal processing has on other brain structures that are perhaps more closely tied to explicit cognitive or behavioral output. This book is intended for neuroscientists, especially for those who are involved in research on the hippocampus, as well as for behavioral scientists and neurologists.
Book Synopsis Radical Embodied Cognitive Science by : Anthony Chemero
Download or read book Radical Embodied Cognitive Science written by Anthony Chemero and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-08-19 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A proposal for a new way to do cognitive science argues that cognition should be described in terms of agent-environment dynamics rather than computation and representation. While philosophers of mind have been arguing over the status of mental representations in cognitive science, cognitive scientists have been quietly engaged in studying perception, action, and cognition without explaining them in terms of mental representation. In this book, Anthony Chemero describes this nonrepresentational approach (which he terms radical embodied cognitive science), puts it in historical and conceptual context, and applies it to traditional problems in the philosophy of mind. Radical embodied cognitive science is a direct descendant of the American naturalist psychology of William James and John Dewey, and follows them in viewing perception and cognition to be understandable only in terms of action in the environment. Chemero argues that cognition should be described in terms of agent-environment dynamics rather than in terms of computation and representation. After outlining this orientation to cognition, Chemero proposes a methodology: dynamical systems theory, which would explain things dynamically and without reference to representation. He also advances a background theory: Gibsonian ecological psychology, “shored up” and clarified. Chemero then looks at some traditional philosophical problems (reductionism, epistemological skepticism, metaphysical realism, consciousness) through the lens of radical embodied cognitive science and concludes that the comparative ease with which it resolves these problems, combined with its empirical promise, makes this approach to cognitive science a rewarding one. “Jerry Fodor is my favorite philosopher,” Chemero writes in his preface, adding, “I think that Jerry Fodor is wrong about nearly everything.” With this book, Chemero explains nonrepresentational, dynamical, ecological cognitive science as clearly and as rigorously as Jerry Fodor explained computational cognitive science in his classic work The Language of Thought.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Thinking by : Gregor Schöner
Download or read book Dynamic Thinking written by Gregor Schöner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book describes a new theoretical approach--Dynamic Field Theory (DFT)--that explains how people think and act"--
