Rhetorics, Literacies, and Narratives of Sustainability

Download Rhetorics, Literacies, and Narratives of Sustainability PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135275688
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (352 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rhetorics, Literacies, and Narratives of Sustainability by : Peter N. Goggin

Download or read book Rhetorics, Literacies, and Narratives of Sustainability written by Peter N. Goggin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-02-23 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Touching on topics including conservation efforts in specific locales; social and political constructions of rhetorical place and space; town planning and zoning issues; and rhetorics of environmental remediation and sustainability, this collection provides rhetoricians and environmentalists a window into the discourse on sustainability.

Narratives of Educating for Sustainability in Unsustainable Environments

Download Narratives of Educating for Sustainability in Unsustainable Environments PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MSU Press
ISBN 13 : 1628953152
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (289 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Narratives of Educating for Sustainability in Unsustainable Environments by : Jane Haladay

Download or read book Narratives of Educating for Sustainability in Unsustainable Environments written by Jane Haladay and published by MSU Press. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through pedagogical narratives, literary analyses, reflective essays, and collaborative dialogues, Narratives of Educating for Sustainability in Unsustainable Environments explores the professional and intellectual tensions of curricula, pedagogies, and personal practices that honor the relationships of interspecies ecologies, reinhabit and reconceive wounded landscapes and wounding institutions, and allow us to reattune ourselves to new yet ancient frameworks for sustainability. For the writers here, fostering sustainability in higher education means focusing on place, creating positive relationships with humans and other beings, and creating administrative structures that will maintain new approaches for the long-term, showing how teaching environmentally is at once intensely site-specific yet powerfully global, deeply personal yet visibly public. Narratives of Educating for Sustainability in Unsustainable Environments confronts the contexts that make environmental pedagogies difficult, the challenges to the well-being of the teacher-scholar, and the corrosive academic structures that compartmentalize knowledge and people. The collection simultaneously offers models for working through and within these challenges to advance understandings and ways of being on local, global, and personal levels that will turn the planetary tide toward effective and shared sustainability.

Environmental Rhetoric and Ecologies of Place

Download Environmental Rhetoric and Ecologies of Place PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135922721
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (359 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Environmental Rhetoric and Ecologies of Place by : Peter N. Goggin

Download or read book Environmental Rhetoric and Ecologies of Place written by Peter N. Goggin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how rhetoric, and environmental rhetoric in particular, informs and is informed by local and global ecologies contributes to our conversations about sustainability and resilience — the preservation and conservation of the earth and the future of human society. This book explores some of the complex relationships, collaborations, compromises, and contradictions between human endeavor and situated discourses, identities and landscapes, social justice and natural resources, movement and geographies, unpacking and grappling with the complexities of rhetoric of presence. Making a significant contribution to exploring the complex discursive constructions of environmental rhetorics and place-based rhetorics, this collection considers discourses, actions, and adaptations concerning environmental regulations and development, sustainability, exploitation, and conservation of energy resources. Essays visit arguments on cultural values, social justice, environmental advocacy, and identity as political constructions of rhetorical place and space. Rural and urban case studies contribute to discussions of the ethics and identities of environment, and the rhetorics of environmental cartography and glocalization. Contributors represent a range of specialization across a variety of scholarly research in such fields as communication studies, rhetorical theory, social/cultural geography, technical/professional communication, cartography, anthropology, linguistics, comparative literature/ecocriticism, literacy studies, digital rhetoric/media studies, and discourse analysis. Thus, this book goes beyond the assumption that rhetorics are situated, and challenges us to consider not only how and why they are situated, but what we mean when we theorize notions of situated, place-based rhetorics.

Rhetoric Across Borders

Download Rhetoric Across Borders PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Parlor Press LLC
ISBN 13 : 1602357390
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rhetoric Across Borders by : Anne Teresa Demo

Download or read book Rhetoric Across Borders written by Anne Teresa Demo and published by Parlor Press LLC. This book was released on 2015-07-15 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rhetoric Across Borders features a select representation of 27 essays and excerpts from the “In Conversation” panels at the Rhetoric Society of America’s 2014 conference on “Border Rhetorics.”

Recontextualized Knowledge

Download Recontextualized Knowledge PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110676346
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Recontextualized Knowledge by : Olaf Kramer

Download or read book Recontextualized Knowledge written by Olaf Kramer and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recontextualized Knowledge aims to analyze the communicative situations involved in the popularization of scientific knowledge: their settings, audiences, and the adaptive process of recontextualization in science communication. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this publication brings together essays from rhetoric, linguistics, and psychology as well as political and education sciences to serve as an in-depth exploration of today's communicative situations in science communication.

Environmental Preservation and the Grey Cliffs Conflict

Download Environmental Preservation and the Grey Cliffs Conflict PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University Press of Colorado
ISBN 13 : 1646425766
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (464 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Environmental Preservation and the Grey Cliffs Conflict by : Kristin D. Pickering

Download or read book Environmental Preservation and the Grey Cliffs Conflict written by Kristin D. Pickering and published by University Press of Colorado. This book was released on 2024-02-15 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a qualitative, ethnographic, observational case study approach, Environmental Preservation and the Grey Cliffs Conflictpresents an analysis of the conflict negotiation between the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and a local community that struggled to address a deteriorating Corps-managed recreational lake area in Tennessee known as “Grey Cliffs.” Viewing the dispute from the perspective of a new member of the community and a specialist in technical communication and professional writing, Kristin Pickering provides a unique perspective on this communication process. Though environmental degradation and unauthorized use threatened the Grey Cliffs recreational lake area to the point that the Corps considered closure, community members valued it highly and wanted to keep it open. The community near this damaged and crime-ridden area needed help rejuvenating its landscape and image, but the Corps and community were sharply divided on how to maintain this beloved geographic space because of the stakeholders’ different cultural backgrounds and values, as well as the narratives used to discuss them. By co-constructing and aligning narratives, values, and ethos over time—a difficult and lengthy process—the Corps and community succeeded, and Grey Cliffs remains open to all. Focusing on field notes, participant interviews, and analysis of various texts created throughout the conflict, Pickering applies rhetorical analysis and a grounded theory approach to regulation, identity, sustainability, and community values to analyze this communication process. Illustrating the positive change that can occur when governmental organizations and rural communities work together to construct shared values and engage in a rhetoric of relationship that preserves the environment, Environmental Preservation and the Grey Cliffs Conflict provides key recommendations for resolving environmental conflicts within local communities, especially for those working in technical and professional communication, organizational communication, environmental science, and public policy.

Unsustainable

Download Unsustainable PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 0739172565
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Unsustainable by : Jessica Restaino

Download or read book Unsustainable written by Jessica Restaino and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2013 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unsustainable: Re-imagining Community Literacy, Public Writing, Service-Learning, and the University, edited by Jessica Restaino and Laurie Cella, explores short-lived university/community writing projects in an effort to rethink the long-held "gold standard" of long-term sustainability in community writing work. Contributors examine their own efforts in order to provide alternate models for understanding, assessing, and enacting university/community writing projects that, for a range of reasons, fall outside of traditional practice. This collection considers what has become an increasingly unified call for praxis, where scholar-practitioners explore a specific project that fell short of theorized "best practice" sustainability in order to determine not only the nature of what remains--how and why we might find value in a community-based writing project that lacks long-term sustainability, for example--but also how or why we might rethink, redefine, and reevaluate best practice ideals in the first place. In so doing, the contributors are at once responding to what has been an increasing acknowledgment in the field that, for a variety of reasons, many community-based writing projects do not go as initially planned, and also applying--in praxis--a framework for thinking about and studying such projects. Unsustainable represents the kind of scholarly work that some of the most recognizable names in the field have been calling for over the past five years. This book affirms that unpredictability is an indispensable factor in the field, and argues that such unpredictability presents--in fact, demands--a theoretical approach that takes these practical experiences as its base.

Mapping Christian Rhetorics

Download Mapping Christian Rhetorics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317670841
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mapping Christian Rhetorics by : Michael-John DePalma

Download or read book Mapping Christian Rhetorics written by Michael-John DePalma and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-10 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continued importance of Christian rhetorics in political, social, pedagogical, and civic affairs suggests that such rhetorics not only belong on the map of rhetorical studies, but are indeed essential to the geography of rhetorical studies in the twenty-first century. This collection argues that concerning ourselves with religious rhetorics in general and Christian rhetorics in particular tells us something about rhetoric itself—its boundaries, its characteristics, its functionings. In assembling original research on the intersections of rhetoric and Christianity from prominent and emerging scholars, Mapping Christian Rhetorics seeks to locate religion more centrally within the geography of rhetorical studies in the twenty-first century. It does so by acknowledging work on Christian rhetorics that has been overlooked or ignored; connecting domains of knowledge and research areas pertaining to Christian rhetorics that may remain disconnected or under connected; and charting new avenues of inquiry about Christian rhetorics that might invigorate theory-building, teaching, research, and civic engagement. In dividing the terrain of Christian rhetorics into four categories—theory, education, methodology, and civic engagement—Mapping Christian Rhetorics aims to foster connections among these areas of inquiry and spur future future collaboration between scholars of religious rhetoric in a range of research areas.

Rhetorics of Names and Naming

Download Rhetorics of Names and Naming PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317436059
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rhetorics of Names and Naming by : Star Medzerian Vanguri

Download or read book Rhetorics of Names and Naming written by Star Medzerian Vanguri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-01-29 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume takes up rhetorical approaches to our primarily linguistic understanding of how names work, considering how theories of materiality in rhetoric enrich conceptions of the name as word or symbol and help explain the processes of name bestowal, accumulation, loss, and theft. Contributors theorize the formation, modification, and recontexualization of names as a result of technological and cultural change, and consider the ways in which naming influences identity and affects/grants power.

Reading, Writing, and the Rhetorics of Whiteness

Download Reading, Writing, and the Rhetorics of Whiteness PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136630597
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (366 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reading, Writing, and the Rhetorics of Whiteness by : Wendy Ryden

Download or read book Reading, Writing, and the Rhetorics of Whiteness written by Wendy Ryden and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-01 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, Ryden and Marshall bring together the field of composition and rhetoric with critical whiteness studies to show that in our "post race" era whiteness and racism not only survive but actually thrive in higher education. As they examine the effects of racism on contemporary literacy practices and the rhetoric by which white privilege maintains and reproduces itself, Ryden and Marshall consider topics ranging from the emotional investment in whiteness to the role of personal narrative in reconstituting racist identities to critiques of the foundational premises of writing programs steeped in repudiation of despised discourses. Marshall and Ryden alternate chapters to sustain a multi-layered dialogue that traces the rhetorical complexities and contradictions of teaching English and writing in a university setting. Their lived experiences as faculty and administrators serve to underscore the complex code of whiteness even as they push to decode it and demonstrate how their own pedagogical practices are raced and racialized in multiple ways. Collectively, the essays ask instructors and administrators to consider more carefully the pernicious nature of whiteness in their professional activities and how it informs our practices.

The American Adrenaline Narrative

Download The American Adrenaline Narrative PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 0820356980
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The American Adrenaline Narrative by : Kristin J. Jacobson

Download or read book The American Adrenaline Narrative written by Kristin J. Jacobson and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2020-06-01 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American Adrenaline Narrative considers the nature of perilous outdoor adventure tales, their gendered biases, and how they simultaneously promote and hinder ecological sustainability. To explore these themes, Kristin J. Jacobson defines and compares adrenaline narratives by a range of American authors published after the first Earth Day in 1970, a time frame selected as a watershed moment for the contemporary American environmental movement. The forty-plus years since that day also mark the rise in the popularity and marketing of many things as “extreme,” including sports, jobs, travel, beverages, gum, makeovers, laundry detergent, and even the environmental movement itself. Jacobson maps the American eco-imagination via adrenaline narratives, grounding them in the traditional literary practice of close reading analysis and in ecofeminism. She surveys a range of popular and lesser-known primary texts by American authors, including best-selling books, such as Jon Krakauer’s Into Thin Air and Aron Ralston’s Between a Rock and a Hard Place, and lesser-known texts, such as Patricia C. McCairen’s Canyon Solitude, Eddy L. Harris’s Mississippi Solo, and Stacy Allison’s Beyond the Limits. She also discusses such narratives as they appear in print and online articles and magazines, feature-length and short films, television shows, amateur videos, social networking site posts, fiction, advertising, and blogs. Jacobson contends that these stories constitute a distinctive genre because—unlike traditional nature, travel, and sports writing— adrenaline narratives sustain heightened risk or the element of the “extreme” within a natural setting. Additionally, these narratives provide important insight into the American environmental imagination’s connection to masculinity and adventure—knowledge that helps us grasp the current climate crisis and how narrative understanding provides a needed intervention.

Adaptive Rhetoric

Download Adaptive Rhetoric PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317918029
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (179 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Adaptive Rhetoric by : Alex C. Parrish

Download or read book Adaptive Rhetoric written by Alex C. Parrish and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rhetorical scholarship has for decades relied solely on culture to explain persuasive behavior. While this focus allows for deep explorations of historical circumstance, it neglects the powerful effects of biology on rhetorical behavior – how our bodies and brains help shape and constrain rhetorical acts. Not only is the cultural model incomplete, but it tacitly endorses the fallacy of human exceptionalism. By introducing evolutionary biology into the study of rhetoric, this book serves as a model of a biocultural paradigm. Being mindful of biological and cultural influences allows for a deeper view of rhetoric, one that is aware of the ubiquity of persuasive behavior in nature. Human and nonhuman animals, and even some plants, persuade to survive - to live, love, and cooperate. That this broad spectrum of rhetorical behavior exists in the animal world demonstrates how much we can learn from evolutionary biology. By incorporating scholarship on animal signaling into the study of rhetoric, the author explores how communication has evolved, and how numerous different species of animals employ similar persuasive tactics in order to overcome similar problems. This cross-species study of rhetoric allows us to trace the origins of our own persuasive behaviors, providing us with a deeper history of rhetoric that transcends the written and the televised, and reveals the artifacts of our communicative past.

Vernacular Christian Rhetoric and Civil Discourse

Download Vernacular Christian Rhetoric and Civil Discourse PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317357116
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Vernacular Christian Rhetoric and Civil Discourse by : Jeffrey M. Ringer

Download or read book Vernacular Christian Rhetoric and Civil Discourse written by Jeffrey M. Ringer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-02-05 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vernacular Christian Rhetoric and Civil Discourse seeks to address the current gap in American public discourse between secular liberals and religiously committed citizens by focusing on the academic and public writing of millennial evangelical Christian students. Analysis of such writing reveals that the evangelical Christian faith of contemporary college students—and the rhetorical practice motivated by it—is marked by an openness to social context and pluralism that offers possibilities for civil discourse. Based on case studies of evangelical Christian student writers, contextualized within nationally-representative trends as reported by the National Study of Youth and Religion, and grounded in scholarship from rhetorical theory, composition studies, folklore studies, and sociology of religion, this book offers rhetorical educators a new terministic screen that reveals the complex processes at work within our students’ vernacular constructions of religious faith.

Software Evangelism and the Rhetoric of Morality

Download Software Evangelism and the Rhetoric of Morality PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134491492
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Software Evangelism and the Rhetoric of Morality by : Jennifer Helene Maher

Download or read book Software Evangelism and the Rhetoric of Morality written by Jennifer Helene Maher and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining the layers of meaning encoded in software and the rhetoric surrounding it, this book offers a much-needed perspective on the intersections between software, morality, and politics. In software development culture, evangelism typically denotes a rhetorical practice that aims to convert software developers, as well as non-technical lay users, from one platform to another (e.g., from the operating system Microsoft Windows to Linux). This book argues that software evangelism, like its religious counterpart, must also be understood as constructing moral and political values that extend well beyond the boundaries of the development culture. Unlike previous studies that locate such values in the effects of code in-use or in certain types of code like free and open source (FOSS) software, Maher argues that all code is meaningful beyond its technical, executable functions. To facilitate this analysis, this study builds a theory of evangelism and illustrates this theory at work in the proprietary software industry and FOSS communities. As an example of political liberalism at work at the level of code, these evangelical rhetorics of software construct competing conceptions of what is good that fall within a shared belief in what is just. Maher illustrates how these beliefs in goodness and justice do not always execute in replicable ways, as the different ways of decoding software evangelisms in the contexts of Brazil and China reveal. Demonstrating how software evangelisms exert a transformative force on the world, one comparable in significance to code itself, this book highlights the importance of rhetoric in even the most seemingly a-rhetorical of technical endeavors and foregrounds the crucial need for rhetorical literacy in the digital age.

Rhetoric and Ethics in the Cybernetic Age

Download Rhetoric and Ethics in the Cybernetic Age PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135022666
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rhetoric and Ethics in the Cybernetic Age by : Jeff Pruchnic

Download or read book Rhetoric and Ethics in the Cybernetic Age written by Jeff Pruchnic and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has become increasingly difficult to ignore the ways that the centrality of new media and technologies — from the global networking of information systems and social media to new possibilities for altering human genetics — seem to make obsolete our traditional ways of thinking about ethics and persuasive communication inherited from earlier humanist paradigms. This book argues that rather than devoting our critical energies towards critiquing humanist touchstones, we should instead examine the ways in which media and technologies have always worked as crucial cultural forces in shaping ethics and rhetoric. Pruchnic combines this historical itinerary with critical interrogations of diverse cultural and technological sites — the logic of video games and artificial intelligence, the ethics of life extension in contemporary medicine, the transition to computer-automated trading in world stock markets, the state of critical theory in the contemporary humanities — along with innovative analyses of the works of such figures as the Greek Sophists, Kenneth Burke, Martin Heidegger, Michel Foucault, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Gilles Deleuze. This book argues that our best strategies for crafting persuasive communication and producing ethical relations between individuals will be those that creatively replicate and appropriate, rather than resist, the logics of dominant forms of media and technology.

Sexual Rhetorics

Download Sexual Rhetorics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317442679
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sexual Rhetorics by : Jonathan Alexander

Download or read book Sexual Rhetorics written by Jonathan Alexander and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-10-16 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual rhetoric is the self-conscious and critical engagement with discourses of sexuality that exposes both their naturalization and their queering, their torquing to create different or counter-discourses, giving voice and agency to multiple and complex sexual experiences. This volume explores the intersection of rhetoric and sexuality through the varieties of methods available in the fields of rhetoric and writing studies, including case studies, theoretical questioning, ethnographies, or close (and distant) readings of "texts" that help us think through the rhetorical force of sexuality and the sexual force of rhetoric.

Rhetorical Delivery and Digital Technologies

Download Rhetorical Delivery and Digital Technologies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317407091
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rhetorical Delivery and Digital Technologies by : Sean Morey

Download or read book Rhetorical Delivery and Digital Technologies written by Sean Morey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-11-19 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book theorizes digital logics and applications for the rhetorical canon of delivery. Digital writing technologies invite a re-evaluation about what delivery can offer to rhetorical studies and writing practices. Sean Morey argues that what delivery provides is access to the unspeakable, unconscious elements of rhetoric, not primarily through emotion or feeling as is usually offered by previous studies, but affect, a domain of sensation implicit in the (overlooked) original Greek term for delivery, hypokrisis. Moreover, the primary means for delivering affect is both the logic and technology of a network, construed as modern, digital networks, but also networks of associations between humans and nonhuman objects. Casting delivery in this light offers new rhetorical trajectories that promote its incorporation into digital networked-bodies. Given its provocative and broad reframing of delivery, this book provides original, robust ways to understand rhetorical delivery not only through a lens of digital writing technologies, but all historical means of enacting delivery, offering implications that will ultimately affect how scholars of rhetoric will come to view not only the other canons of rhetoric, but rhetoric as a whole.