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Resource Economies In Emerging Free Trade
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Author :Victor A. Konrad Publisher :[Orono, Me.] : Canadian-American Center, University of Maine ISBN 13 : Total Pages :355 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (299 download)
Book Synopsis Resource Economies in Emerging Free Trade : Proceedings of a Maine by : Victor A. Konrad
Download or read book Resource Economies in Emerging Free Trade : Proceedings of a Maine written by Victor A. Konrad and published by [Orono, Me.] : Canadian-American Center, University of Maine. This book was released on 1987 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Emerging Issues in Sustainable Development by : Mitsuo Matsushita
Download or read book Emerging Issues in Sustainable Development written by Mitsuo Matsushita and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-05 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to answer the questions: how do the rules of international treaties on trade and investment apply to the new laws and policies relating to energy-related trade, and do the rules of the multilateral system contribute to or detract from sustainable development? An emerging set of new problems in the law of international trade is how to reconcile the rules of the multilateral trading system with shortages of certain natural resources and the necessity to develop renewable energy resources. The chapters in this book provide a comprehensive analysis of the international trade issues presented by national trade laws and policies with regard to natural resources and energy. This book is about the extent to which we are interpreting existing rules to cover emerging problems and how the rules of the multilateral trading system can be adapted to achieve sustainable development in natural resources and energy. The book begins with a survey of selected national laws relating to recent restrictions on the export of natural resources, both resources used to produce energy as well as natural resources essential for industrial production. After examining the range of such laws in selected important countries, we turn to the application of the rules of the multilateral trading system to such export restrictions. We discuss the major rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO) as well as the natural resources rules in selected regional preferential free trade agreements. While there is not a comprehensive global legal regime on competition law, we believe it is also important to examine how selected national competition laws impact export restrictions on natural resources. This book will be a major contribution to the international dialogue on international economic law issues with respect to trade in natural resources and energy.
Book Synopsis Resource Economies in Emerging Free Trade by : Victor A. Konrad
Download or read book Resource Economies in Emerging Free Trade written by Victor A. Konrad and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Free Trade and Prosperity by : Arvind Panagariya
Download or read book Free Trade and Prosperity written by Arvind Panagariya and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arguments for protection and against free trade have seen a revival in developed countries such as the United States and Great Britain as well as developing countries such as India. Given the clear benefits trade openness has brought everywhere, this is a surprising development. The benefits of free trade are especially great for emerging market economies. FreeÂTrade and ProsperityÂoffers the first full-scale defense of pro-free-trade policies with developing countries at its center. Arvind Panagariya, a professor at Columbia University and former top economic advisor to the government of India, supplies a historically informed analysis of many longstanding but flawed arguments for protection. He starts with an insightful overview of the positive case for free trade, and then closely examines the various contentions of protectionists. One protectionist argument is that "infant" industries need time to grow and become competitive, and thus should be sheltered. Other arguments are that emerging markets are especially prone to coordination failures, they are in need of diversification of their production structures, and they suffer from market imperfections. The panoply of protectionist arguments, including those for import substitution industrialization, fails when subject to close logical and empirical scrutiny. Free trade and outward-oriented policies are preconditions to both sustained rapid growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries. Panagariya provides compelling evidence demonstrating the failures of protectionism and the promise of free trade using detailed case studies of successful countries such as Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, China and India. Low or declining barriers to free trade and high or rising shares of trade in total income have been key elements in the sustained rapid growth and poverty alleviation in these countries and many others. Free trade is like oxygen: the benefits are ubiquitous and not noticed until they are no longer there. This important book is an essential reminder of the costs of protectionism.
Book Synopsis The World Bank Research Observer by :
Download or read book The World Bank Research Observer written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The African Continental Free Trade Area: Potential Economic Impact and Challenges by : Mr.Lisandro Abrego
Download or read book The African Continental Free Trade Area: Potential Economic Impact and Challenges written by Mr.Lisandro Abrego and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-05-13 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political momentum towards Africa-wide free trade has been intensifying. In March 2018, over 40 countries signed the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement. Once fully implemented, the AfCFTA is expected to cover all 55 African countries, with a combined GDP of about US$2.2 trillion. This SDN takes stock of recent trade developments in Sub-Saharan Africa and assesses the potential benefits and costs of the AfCFTA, as well as challenges to its successful implementation. In addition to increased trade flows both in existing and new products, the AfCFTA has the potential to generate substantial economic benefits for African countries. These benefits include higher income arising from increased efficiency and productivity from improved resource allocation, higher cross-border investment flows, and technology transfers. Besides lowering import tariffs, to ensure these benefits, African countries will need reduce other trade barriers by making more efficient their customs procedures, reducing their wide infrastructure gaps, and improving their business climates. At the same time, policy measures should be taken to mitigate the differential impact of trade liberalization on certain groups as resources are reallocated in the economy and activities migrate to locations with comparatively lower costs.
Book Synopsis Chances and Risks of Free Trade Policies by : Philipp Rothe
Download or read book Chances and Risks of Free Trade Policies written by Philipp Rothe and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-08-13 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic Paper from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, , language: English, abstract: This paper examines the definition, history and status of free trade in the world today. In history a lot of countries acted in accordance with protectionist trade policies which means they had a lot of barriers, tariffs, and limits towards the trade with other countries. The aim was to protect their own economy. However, in today's world there is much more free trade which means "the buying and selling of goods, without limits on the amount of goods that one country can sell to another and without special taxes on the goods bought from a foreign country". The theory of free trade was first invented in 1776 by Adam Smith. And although it goes back to colonial times, free trade remained a theory for centuries. Ever since Adam Smith's concept of free trade, merchants tried to remove trade barriers between countries again and again. But especially during the industrialization period the countries used trade barriers to boost their economy. As late as after the second world war, the US for example started to lower import tariffs. The idea of lowering tariffs is that more trade takes place, countries can specialize economically in what they do best and afterwards exchange these products for goods that they don't produce most efficiently or that they don't have easily available. That in turn means the people are freer to choose their position in the economy, the worlds resources are used more efficient and the wealth of nations is growing. In a nutshell it means a country can compete in the global market by specializing to its fundamental economic strengths and by doing this increase economic growth. Some international institutions such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization (WTO) were founded to promote free trade in place of protectionism and so helped to build the world how it is today in terms of trading.
Book Synopsis Trade Policy Developments in the Middle East and North Africa by : Bernard M. Hoekman
Download or read book Trade Policy Developments in the Middle East and North Africa written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "While very diverse in many respects, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries nevertheless also share some common characteristics, including a number of important shared challenges for policymakers."The Middle East and North Africa region has great potential for economic growth and prosperity in the 21st century. Yet, this potential will not be realized unless governments and private sector leaders in the region forge partnerships for development. An indispensable resource for all those working within the international development community, especially within the Middle East and North Africa region, Trade Policy Developments in the Middle East and North Africa offers policy and institutional alternatives to help both parties achieve that goal.This volume describes and analyzes recent trade policy developments in the Middle East and North Africa. Contributorsalmost all economists from the regionreview recent trends in trade performance, assess current trade and investment regimes, and discuss some of the emerging microeconomic policy challenges that confront governments and firms seeking to export and trade. Topics addressed include the need and scope for using regional integration and economic free zones as a tool of development, mobilization of non-trade tax bases, efficient enforcement of product standards to ensure health and safety of citizens, and implementation of modern information technologies to facilitate customs clearance.This book is the second in a series from the Mediterranean Development Forum, a partnership of 10 Middle East and North Africa Region think tanks and the World Bank Institute. This volume will be of interest to development specialists, policymakers, and investors.
Book Synopsis Kicking Away the Ladder by : Ha-Joon Chang
Download or read book Kicking Away the Ladder written by Ha-Joon Chang and published by Anthem Press. This book was released on 2002-07-01 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How did the rich countries really become rich? In this provocative study, Ha-Joon Chang examines the great pressure on developing countries from the developed world to adopt certain 'good policies' and 'good institutions', seen today as necessary for economic development. His conclusions are compelling and disturbing: that developed countries are attempting to 'kick away the ladder' with which they have climbed to the top, thereby preventing developing countries from adopting policies and institutions that they themselves have used.
Book Synopsis Economic Diversification Policies in Natural Resource Rich Economies by : Sami Mahroum
Download or read book Economic Diversification Policies in Natural Resource Rich Economies written by Sami Mahroum and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-08-05 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic diversification remains at the top of the agenda for hundreds of regions around the world. From the single commodity economies of African countries and the Caribbean, to the many single industry regions of Europe and North America, as well as the oil and gas rich but volatile hydrocarbon economies. Economic diversification policies have been around for almost a century with varying degrees of success and failure. Economic Diversification Policies in Natural Resource Rich Economies takes a special interest in the policy experiences of a set of different countries that have extractive industries representing significant drivers of their economies and subsequently are significant contributors to government revenues. It explores twelve cases including upper-middle to high income economies such as Canada, Australia, Iceland and Norway, emerging economies such as Latin America, the GCC (Saudi and UAE), Kazakhstan, Malaysia and Russia, as well as the developing economy of Uganda. Each chapter provides a review of economic diversification experiences including policy environment, diversification strategies, desired outcomes, the role of government, and a critical evaluation of achievements. This book is suitable for those who study environmental economics, development economics and resource management.
Book Synopsis Elements for an Economic Theory of Free Trade Areas Between Developed and Developing Countries by : Ivan Martin
Download or read book Elements for an Economic Theory of Free Trade Areas Between Developed and Developing Countries written by Ivan Martin and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is experiencing an increasing number of free-trade areas between developed and developing countries (think of NAFTA, the Free Trade Area of the Americas, APEC, the Euromediterranean Partnership, or the free trade agreements between the EU and Turkey, Mexico, South Africa or Mercosur and between the United States and Jordan, most of them still in the transitory period before full implementation). However, most of these schemes are being implemented out of a blind confidence in the positive effects of trade liberalisation regardless of the framework conditions, without much true empirical evidence on their impact on developing countries, let alone a serious reconsideration of the standard trade integration (custom unions) theory to adapt it to the special circumstances of developing countries. Due to the high social transformation potential of international trade, this could ultimately prove a dangerous economic engineering experiment for the development prospects of less developed countries, particularly the smaller ones. After a brief summary of the conventional trade integration theory, the paper refers to five aspects of free-trade areas between developed and developing countries which are not tackled by the this theory and which could question its assumptions predictions: the (high) import and (low) export elasticities which might prove wrong the positive impact on the current account balance of trade liberalisation; the possible working of economies of agglomeration favouring concentration of economic activities in more developed areas of a free-trade area; the eventual preference for industry in low-competitiveness countries which without a certain level of protection might lose any chance of industrialisation; the impact of those free-trade areas on inward foreign direct investment into developing countries, which might be actually negative; and the macroeconomic and political sustainability (far from granted) of those free trade areas. The conclusion is that there is a need to adapt conventional trade integration theory to the particular case of free-trade areas between developed and developing countries, and this cannot be done from a purely trade theory perspective, but must also take into account development theory and political economy considerations. In any case, a preliminary analysis seems to indicate that this new framework could favour "deep" integration schemes (where trade liberalisation is supplemented by certain legislative harmonisation, monetary stabilisation schemes and even a sizeable resource transfer from developed to developing countries to support the transition process and compensate the losers) instead of the more frequent "hollow" integration processes (consisting of mere trade barriers removal).
Book Synopsis Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement by : Gene M. Grossman
Download or read book Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement written by Gene M. Grossman and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In general, a reduction in trade barriers will affect the environment by expanding the scale of economic activity, by altering the composition of economic activity and by initiating a change in the techniques of production. We present empirical evidence to assess the relative magnitudes of these three effects as they apply to further trade liberalization in Mexico. We first use comparable measures of three air pollutants in a cross-section of urban areas located in 42 countries to study the relationship between air quality and economic growth. We find for two pollutants (sulphur dioxide and 'smoke') that concentrations increase with per capita GDP at low levels of national income, but decrease with GDP growth at higher levels of income. We then study the determinants of the industry pattern of US imports from Mexico and of value added by Mexico's maquiladora sector. We investigate whether the size of pollution abatement costs in US industry influences the pattern of international trade and investment. Finally, we use the results from a computable general equilibrium model to study the likely compositional effect of a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on pollution in Mexico.
Download or read book Expanding NAFTA written by Carmen Zechner and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2002 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world economy has witnessed a sudden increase in free trade agreements, generating a renewed debate on their economic impact. In Expanding NAFTA Carmen Zechner focuses on the economic effects on Chile of the potential free trade agreement with the United States. The author creates a framework for analyzing the impact of economic integration between a developed and a developing country from the developing country's perspective. This book goes beyond earlier analyses of the static gains from free trade to examine the dynamic and more intangible effects that are critical to the welfare evaluation of trade agreements. Expanding NAFTA is an important contribution to the research on preferential trade liberalization and to understanding developing countries' trade policy choices. This book will be indispensable to anyone interested in trade policy making and the Chilean economy.
Book Synopsis Japan and a New World Economic Order by : Kyoshi Kojima
Download or read book Japan and a New World Economic Order written by Kyoshi Kojima and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: President Nixon’s new economic policy of August 1971, aggravated by the oil problem since October 1973 caused chaos and uncertainty in the international trade and currency system. There were fears of another 1930s style depression. In addition, a world food shortage and strident claims by developing countries for perpetual sovereignty over resources added another set of difficulties. This volume, written from Japan’s standpoint, suggests a new direction for the world and regional economic order. The book tackles two major issues in international economics: Firstly, traditional international trade theory aims only at static maximization in the use of world human and material resources, but, the author stresses more attention should be paid to such dynamic or developmental elements as population growth, immigration, natural resource development, improvement in transfer of technology, economies of scale, direct foreign investment and economic integration in order to create development centres or sectors in the world economy. Secondly, the author discusses how to combine a global and regional approach to economic integration.
Book Synopsis Methodology for Impact Assessment of Free Trade Agreements by : Michael G. Plummer
Download or read book Methodology for Impact Assessment of Free Trade Agreements written by Michael G. Plummer and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication displays the menu for choice of available methods to evaluate the impact of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). It caters mainly to policy makers from developing countries and aims to equip them with some economic knowledge and techniques that will enable them to conduct their own economic evaluation studies on existing or future FTAs, or to critically re-examine the results of impact assessment studies conducted by others, at the very least.
Book Synopsis The United States and the World Economy: Foreign Economic Policy for the Next Decade by : C. Fred Bergsten
Download or read book The United States and the World Economy: Foreign Economic Policy for the Next Decade written by C. Fred Bergsten and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 2005 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Globalisation and Emerging Economies Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa by : OECD
Download or read book Globalisation and Emerging Economies Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2009-03-19 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses key elements of the trade performance of the so-called BRIICS: Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa, in relation to the rest of the world, focusing on trade and other policies influencing that performance. It also presents a separate chapter for each country.
