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Resorcinol Formaldehyde Adsorption Of Cesium Cs From Hanford Waste Solutions Part I
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Book Synopsis RESORCINOL-FORMALDEHYDE ADSORPTION OF CESIUM (Cs+) FROM HANFORD WASTE SOLUTIONS-PART I by :
Download or read book RESORCINOL-FORMALDEHYDE ADSORPTION OF CESIUM (Cs+) FROM HANFORD WASTE SOLUTIONS-PART I written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Batch equilibrium measurements were conducted with a granular Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF) resin to determine the distribution coefficients (Kds) for cesium. In the tests, Hanford Site actual waste sample containing radioactive cesium and a pretreated waste sample that was spiked with non-radioactive cesium were used. Initial concentrations of non-radioactive cesium in the waste sample were varied to generate an equilibrium isotherm for cesium. Two additional tests were conducted using a liquid to solid phase ratio of 10 and a contact time of 120 hours. The measured distribution coefficient (Kd) for radioactive cesium (137Cs) was 948 mL/g; the Kd for non-radioactive cesium (133Cs) was 1039 mL/g. The Kd for non-radioactive cesium decreased from 1039 to 691 mL/g as the initial cesium concentration increased. Very little change of the Kd was observed at initial cesium concentrations above 64 mg/mL. The maximum sorption capacity for cesium on granular RF resin was 1.17 mmole/g dry resin. T his value was calculated from the fit of the equilibrium isotherm data to the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation. Previously, a total capacity of 2.84 mmole/g was calculated by Bibler and Wallace for air-dried RF resin.
Book Synopsis Determination of Cesium (CS+) Adsorption Kinetics and Equilibrium Isotherms from Hanford Waste Simulants Using Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF) Resins by :
Download or read book Determination of Cesium (CS+) Adsorption Kinetics and Equilibrium Isotherms from Hanford Waste Simulants Using Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF) Resins written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the results of cesium sorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherm tests with resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin using Tank AN-105 simulated waste. These tests were conducted at the Savannah River Technology Center in support of the Hanford River Protection Project - Waste Treatment Plant (RPP-WTP). A crucial part of the current treatment process involves the removal of cesium from waste tank supernate solutions using columns containing SuperLig 644 resin. Due to concerns about the chemical and hydraulic performance of SuperLig 644 resin in large-scale operations, RF resin was evaluated as a potential alternative to the baseline material. Extensive testing was conducted at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory on various RF samples (both granular and spherical) obtained from different vendors. Three RF samples (two spherical and one granular) were subsequently delivered to SRTC based on initial screening results at PNNL, which indicated good performance for these materials. A small number of tests were then conducted at SRTC on the RF resin using non-radioactive simulant solutions to support development of a preliminary column performance model.
Book Synopsis Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin for the Removal of Cesium from Hanford Tank Waste by : WILLIAM. WILMARTH
Download or read book Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin for the Removal of Cesium from Hanford Tank Waste written by WILLIAM. WILMARTH and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spherical Resorcinol-formaldehyde Resin Testing for Cesium Removal from Hanford Tank Waste Simulants by : S. K. Fiskum
Download or read book Spherical Resorcinol-formaldehyde Resin Testing for Cesium Removal from Hanford Tank Waste Simulants written by S. K. Fiskum and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ion Exchange Modeling Of Cesium Removal From Hanford Waste Using Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin by :
Download or read book Ion Exchange Modeling Of Cesium Removal From Hanford Waste Using Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses the expected performance of spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF) ion exchange resin for the removal of cesium from alkaline Hanford radioactive waste. Predictions of full scale column performance in a carousel mode are made for the Hot Commissioning, Envelope B, and Subsequent Operations waste compositions under nominal operating conditions and for perturbations from the nominal. Only the loading phase of the process cycle is addressed in this report. Pertinent bench-scale column tests, kinetic experiments, and batch equilibrium experiments are used to estimate model parameters and to benchmark the ion-exchange model. The methodology and application presented in this report reflect the expected behavior of spherical RF resin manufactured at the intermediate-scale (i.e., approximately 100 gallon batch size; batch 5E-370/641). It is generally believed that scale-up to production-scale in resin manufacturing will result in similarly behaving resin batches whose chemical selectivity is unaffected while total capacity per gram of resin may vary some. As such, the full-scale facility predictions provided within this report should provide reasonable estimates of production-scale column performance.
Book Synopsis Preliminary Flowsheet: Ion Exchange for Separation of Cesium from Hanford Tank Waste Using Resorcinol-formaldehyde Resin by :
Download or read book Preliminary Flowsheet: Ion Exchange for Separation of Cesium from Hanford Tank Waste Using Resorcinol-formaldehyde Resin written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cesium Isotherm Testing with Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin at High Sodium Concentrations by :
Download or read book Cesium Isotherm Testing with Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin at High Sodium Concentrations written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) is developing a Low-Activity Waste Pretreatment System (LAWPS) to provide low-activity waste (LAW) directly to the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) Low-Activity Waste Facility for immobilization. The pretreatment that will be conducted on tank waste supernate at the LAWPS facility entails filtration to remove entrained solids and cesium (Cs) ion exchange to remove Cs from the product sent to the WTP. Currently, spherical resorcinol-formaldehyde (sRF) resin (Microbeads AS, Skedsmokorset, Norway) is the Cs ion exchange resin of choice. Most work on Cs ion exchange efficacy in Hanford tank waste has been conducted at nominally 5 M sodium (Na). WRPS is examining the possibility of processing supernatant at high Na concentrations--up to 8 M Na--to maximize processing efficiency through the LAWPS. Minimal Cs ion exchange work has been conducted at 6 M and 8 M Na concentrations.
Book Synopsis MODELING AN ION EXCHANGE PROCESS FOR CESIUM REMOVAL FROM ALKALINE RADIOACTIVE WASTE SOLUTIONS. by :
Download or read book MODELING AN ION EXCHANGE PROCESS FOR CESIUM REMOVAL FROM ALKALINE RADIOACTIVE WASTE SOLUTIONS. written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The performance of spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde ion-exchange resin for the removal of cesium from alkaline radioactive waste solutions has been investigated through computer modeling. Cesium adsorption isotherms were obtained by fitting experimental data using a thermodynamic framework. Results show that ion-exchange is an efficient method for cesium removal from highly alkaline radioactive waste solutions. On average, two 1300 liter columns operating in series are able to treat 690,000 liters of waste with an initial cesium concentration of 0.09 mM in 11 days achieving a decontamination factor of over 50,000. The study also tested the sensitivity of ion-exchange column performance to variations in flow rate, temperature and column dimensions. Modeling results can be used to optimize design of the ion exchange system.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Waste Cleanup Technologies and Opportunities by : Robert Noyes
Download or read book Nuclear Waste Cleanup Technologies and Opportunities written by Robert Noyes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the largest, most complicated and expensive environmental problems in the United States is the cleanup of nuclear wastes. The US Department of Energy (DOE) has approximately 4,000 contaminated sites covering tens of thousands of acres and replete with contaminated hazardous or radioactive waste, soil, or structures. In addition to high-level waste, it has more than 250,000 cubic meters of transuranic waste and millions of cubic meters of low-level radio-active waste. In addition, DOE is responsible for thousands of facilities awaiting decontamination, decommissioning, and dismantling. DOE and its predecessors have been involved in the management of radioactive wastes since 1943, when such wastes were first generated in significant quantities as by-products of nuclear weapons production. Waste connected with DOE's nuclear weapons complex has been accumulating as a result of various operations spanning over five decades. The cost estimates for nuclear waste cleanup in the United States have been rapidly rising. It has recently been estimated to be in a range from $200 to $350 billion. Costs could vary considerably based on future philosophies as to whether to isolate certain sites (the ""iron fence"" philosophy), or clean them up to a pristine condition (the ""greenfields"" philosophy). Funding will also be based on Congressional action that may reduce environmental cleanup, based on budget considerations.
Book Synopsis Cesium Removal from Acidic Radioactive Waste Solutions by : M. W. Wilding
Download or read book Cesium Removal from Acidic Radioactive Waste Solutions written by M. W. Wilding and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis REMOVAL OF CESIUM FROM SAVANNAH RIVER SITE WASTE WITH SPHERICAL RESORCINOL FORMALDEHYDE ION EXCHANGE RESIN EXPERIMENTAL TESTS. by :
Download or read book REMOVAL OF CESIUM FROM SAVANNAH RIVER SITE WASTE WITH SPHERICAL RESORCINOL FORMALDEHYDE ION EXCHANGE RESIN EXPERIMENTAL TESTS. written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A principal goal at the Savannah River Site (SRS) is to safely dispose of the large volume of liquid nuclear waste held in many storage tanks. In-tank ion exchange (IX) columns are being considered for cesium removal. The spherical form of resorcinol formaldehyde ion exchange resin (sRF) is being evaluated for decontamination of dissolved saltcake waste at SRS, which is generally lower in potassium and organic components than Hanford waste. The sRF performance with SRS waste was evaluated in two phases: resin batch contacts and IX column testing with both simulated and actual dissolved salt waste. The tests, equipment, and results are discussed.
Book Synopsis Removal of Cesium from Aluminum Decladding Wastes Generated in Irradiated Target Processing Using a Fixed-bed Column of Resorcinol-formaldehyde Resin by :
Download or read book Removal of Cesium from Aluminum Decladding Wastes Generated in Irradiated Target Processing Using a Fixed-bed Column of Resorcinol-formaldehyde Resin written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The removal of cesium (Cs) from a low-level liquid waste (LLLW) with a cation-exchange column was demonstrated using a resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin. The RF resin was developed at the Westinghouse Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) and is highly specific for the removal of Cs from an alkaline waste of high sodium content. It was determined that the RF resin would be suitable for removing Cs, the largest gamma radiation contributor, from the LLLW generated at the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Presently, the disposal of the LLLW is limited due to the amount of Cs contained in the waste. Cesium removal from the waste solution offers immediate benefits by conserving valuable tank space and would allow cask shipments of the treated waste should the present Laboratory pipelines become unavailable in the future. Preliminary laboratory tests of the RF resins, supplied from two different sources, were used to design a full-scale cation-exchange column for the removal of Cs from a Mark 42 SRL fuel element dejacketing waste solution. The in-cell tests reproduced the preliminary bench-scale test results. The initial Cs breakthrough range was 85--92 column volumes (CV). The resin capacity for Cs was found to be (approximately)0.35 meq per gram of resin. A 1.5-liter resin bed loaded a combined (approximately)1,300 Ci of 134Cs and 137Cs. A distribution coefficient of (approximately)110 CV was determined, based on a 50% Cs breakthrough point. The kinetics of the system was studied by examining the rate parameters; however, it was decided that several more tests would be necessary to define the mass transfer characteristics of the system.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Temperature of SuperLig (R) 644 Cesium Removal from Simulated Hanford Tank Waste Supernate by :
Download or read book The Effect of Temperature of SuperLig (R) 644 Cesium Removal from Simulated Hanford Tank Waste Supernate written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Batch kinetic and column experiments have been carried out at 25, 35, and 45 Degrees C to examine the effect of temperature on SuperLig(R) 644 cesium (Cs) removal from simulated Hanford tank waste supernate. The simulated solution mimicked the composition of the low-activity waste supernate from tank 241-AN-105 in the U.S. DOE Hanford site. Small quantities of toxic metals, such as Cd, Cr, Fe, and Pb were spiked into the simulant to evaluate the metal's competitiveness with Cs for sorption on SuperLig(R) 644 resin. The results indicated that the temperature affects the removal of Cs and metal ions, although the effect was not the same for all metal ions. The extent of Cs removal decreased with an increase in temperature. The Cs capacity at breakthrough point was 0.015, 0.013, and 0.011-mmole/g dry resin at 25, 35 and 45 Degrees C, respectively. The column was effectively eluted to less than 1 Percent (0.1 C/Co) of the feed concentration with approximately 10 BVs of 0.5 M nitric acid. The resin showed limited affinity for toxic metal ions (Cr, Cd, Fe, and Pb) as compared to Cs. Based on the batch kinetic data, the Cs uptake of the resin was not hampered by the presence of the toxic metals in solution.
Book Synopsis Evaluation and Comparison of SuperLig[reg-sign] 644, Resorcinol-formaldehyde and CS-100 Ion Exchange Materials for the Removal of Cesium from Simulated Alkaline Supernate by :
Download or read book Evaluation and Comparison of SuperLig[reg-sign] 644, Resorcinol-formaldehyde and CS-100 Ion Exchange Materials for the Removal of Cesium from Simulated Alkaline Supernate written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PNL evaluated three polymeric materials for Cs removal efficiency from a simulated Hanford Neutralized Current Acid Waste (NCAW) supernatant liquid using 200 mL ion exchange columns. Cs loadings (mmole Cs/g resin) were 0.20, 0.18, and 0.039 for Super Lig 644, R-F, and CS-100 (0.045, 0.070, 0.011 mmole Cs/mL resin). Elution of each resin material with 0.5 M HNO[sub 3] required 3.5, 7.0, and 3.2 cv to reach 0.1 C/C[sub 0] for the respective materials, resulting in volume compressions of 27, 20, and 6.9. Peak Cs concentrations during elution was 185, 38.5, and 27.8 C/C[sub 0]. SuperLig 644 had the highest Cs loading per gram in NCAW and the greatest volume compression on aci elution. Because of high density and poor elution, R-F had the highest Cs loading per unit volume and lower volume compression. CS-100, the baseline material for Cs removal at Hanford, was inferior to both SuperLig 644 and R-F in terms of Cs loading and selectivity over sodium.
Book Synopsis Hanford Tank Waste Supernatant Cesium Removal Test Plan by :
Download or read book Hanford Tank Waste Supernatant Cesium Removal Test Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document provides the test plan for the preparation and conduct of a cesium removal test using Hanford DSSF supernatant liquor from tank 241-AW-101 in a bench-scale column. Cesium sorbents to be tested include resorcinol-formaldehyde resin and crystalline silicotitanate.
Book Synopsis Test Procedures and Instructions for Hanford Tank Waste Supernatant Cesium Removal by :
Download or read book Test Procedures and Instructions for Hanford Tank Waste Supernatant Cesium Removal written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document provides specific test procedures and instructions to implement the test plan for the preparation and conduct of a cesium removal test using Hanford Double-Shell Slurry Feed supernatant liquor from tank 251-AW-101 in a bench-scale column. Cesium sorbents to be tested include resorcinol-formaldehyde resin and crystalline silicotitanate. The test plan for which this provides instructions is WHC-SD-RE-TP-022, Hanford Tank Waste Supernatant Cesium Removal Test Plan.
Book Synopsis A Preliminary Study of Cesium Sorption from Acid Waste Solutions Utilizing Phosphate Exchanges by : Yvonne M. Jones
Download or read book A Preliminary Study of Cesium Sorption from Acid Waste Solutions Utilizing Phosphate Exchanges written by Yvonne M. Jones and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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