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Resolving Residential Mortgage Distress
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Book Synopsis Resolving Residential Mortgage Distress by : Mr.Jochen R. Andritzky
Download or read book Resolving Residential Mortgage Distress written by Mr.Jochen R. Andritzky and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-12-17 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In housing crises, high mortgage debt can feed a vicious circle of falling housing prices and declining consumption and incomes, leading to higher mortgage defaults and deeper recessions. In such situations, resolution policies may need to be adapted to help contain negative feedback loops while minimizing overall loan losses and moral hazard. Drawing on recent experiences from Iceland, Ireland, Spain, and the United States, this paper discusses how economic trade-offs affecting mortgage resolution differ in crises. Depending on country circumstances, the economic benefits of temporary forbearance and loan modifications for struggling households could outweigh their costs.
Book Synopsis Resolving the Foreclosure Crisis by : Adam J. Levitin
Download or read book Resolving the Foreclosure Crisis written by Adam J. Levitin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over a century, bankruptcy has been the primary legal mechanism for resolving consumer financial distress. In the current foreclosure crisis, however, the bankruptcy system has been ineffective because of the special protection it gives most home mortgages. Debtors may modify the terms of all debts in bankruptcy except those secured by mortgages on their principal residences. A bankrupt debtor who wishes to keep her house must pay the mortgage according to its original terms down to the last penny. As a result, many homeowners who are unable to meet their mortgage payments are losing their homes in foreclosure, thereby creating significant economic and social deadweight costs and further depressing the housing market.This Article empirically tests the economic assumption underlying the policy against bankruptcy modification of home-mortgage debtmdash;that protecting lenders from losses in bankruptcy encourages them to lend more and at lower rates, and thus encourages homeownership. The data show that the assumption is mistaken; permitting modification would have little or no impact on mortgage credit cost or availability. Because lenders face smaller losses from bankruptcy modification than from foreclosure, the market is unlikely to price against bankruptcy modification. In light of market neutrality, the Article argues that permitting modification of home mortgages in bankruptcy presents the best solution to the foreclosure crisis. Unlike any other proposed response, bankruptcy modification offers immediate relief, solves the market problems created by securitization, addresses both problems of payment-reset shock and negative equity, screens out speculators, spreads burdens between borrowers and lenders, and avoids the costs and moral hazard of a government bailout. As the foreclosure crisis deepens, bankruptcy modification presents the best and least invasive method of stabilizing the housing market.
Book Synopsis Resolving Mortgage Distress After COVID-19 by :
Download or read book Resolving Mortgage Distress After COVID-19 written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyse micro data on Irish mortgages and distressed households' balance sheets in the last decade to assess the debt resolution process in the Irish mortgage market in the lead up to the COVID-19 shock. We highlight the widespread engagement of Irish borrowers with debt resolution mechanisms during a decade in which one sixth of mortgage accounts were restructured by 2016. Lenders favoured short-term mortgage modifications at the beginning of the decade and three-quarters of performing mortgages with short-term modifications in 2011-2012 remained performing at end-2017. However, close to half of these cases involved a subsequent longer-term restructure, consistent with concerns that short-term modification alone is not sufficient to ensure mortgage sustainability. In other cases, an over-reliance on unsustainable short-term arrangements translated into longer-term arrears accumulation. Turning to the financial distress of households seeking a resolution to their arrears, we find an average income fall of roughly one third since mortgage origination and that one third had already reduced their non-housing expenditures to below the recommended minimum level used in the personal insolvency system. Finally, we show that larger cuts in repayment burdens and lower ex-post payment-to-income ratios are both highly predictive of successful long-term restructures.
Book Synopsis The Right Tool for the Job? Mortgage Distress and Personal Insolvency During the European Debt Crisis by : Mr. Wolfgang Bergthaler
Download or read book The Right Tool for the Job? Mortgage Distress and Personal Insolvency During the European Debt Crisis written by Mr. Wolfgang Bergthaler and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-05-05 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European debt crisis in the early to mid 2010s brought to the fore the issue of household debt distress: in the countries affected, widespread over-indebdtedness resulted in serious financial and social challenges. The crisis was primarily a mortgage debt crisis, but in several cases, the legal response was based on the introduction of personal insolvency procedures. This paper examines the challenges in designing and implementing legal reforms in this area to promote a better understanding of the main considerations in resolving personal insolvency and distressed mortgage debt in the context of crises. Lessons from the European crisis may prove valuable when dealing with the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine on household debt distress.
Book Synopsis Consumer and SME Credit Law by : Nora Beausang
Download or read book Consumer and SME Credit Law written by Nora Beausang and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-16 with total page 2649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With 2000+ pages of guidance, this important new textbook provides an extensive and in-depth guide to the current labyrinthine regulatory regime relating to consumer and SME credit (by way of cash loans) and protection generally, including the Consumer Protection Code, the Consumer Credit Act (housing loans and non-housing loans), the EU Consumer Credit Regulations, the EU Mortgage Credit Regulations and the Central Bank Housing Loan Regulations. Other lending-related conduct of business requirements are also covered in detail, including the Code of Conduct on Mortgage Arrears, the Lending to SME Regulations, the Code on Related Parties Lending and the Credit Reporting Act, together with applicable EBA/ECB Guidelines dealing with loan origination, product oversight and governance, non-performing exposures/loans and arrears. The regulated activities triggering authorisation as a retail credit firm or credit servicing firm are also addressed in detail. The book additionally extends beyond lending to have application to the wider business of regulated firms in the financial services arena, dealing in detail with issues including the general principles and requirements of the Consumer Protection Code,the fitness and probity regime including the area of minimum competency, distance marketing requirements and other background to the regulatory regime in Ireland including the increased regulatory focus on the culture of regulated firms and product oversight and governance. The available redress/recourse mechanisms are also covered, including the Financial Services and Pensions Ombudsman, the Credit Review Office, the regulatory and other consequences of breach of applicable requirements and the significant risk management area for regulated firms of their customers' statutory right to redress on breach of financial services legislation. In addition, the book has relevance to professionals dealing with consumers in any contractual context including extensive treatment of how the concept of 'consumer' has developed under common law, the unfair commercial practices regime and the increasingly topical area of unfair contract terms legislation. Relevant case law of the Irish courts and other common law jurisdictions, together with an expanding corpus of decisions from the CJEU, are addressed in detail. This book's practical style is designed to assist bankers, other regulated firms, lawyers, compliance professionals and regulators in the application of a complex area. Rather than simply setting out the separate requirements, the book seeks to navigate the at times contradictory legislative and regulatory strands to give (in so far as is possible) a coherent sense of how they integrate. Much of the content is unique and cannot be found in any other publication. An essential addition to the library of every lender, practitioner and compliance and regulatory risk professional, particularly in the areas of consumer and SME credit.
Book Synopsis Non-Performing Loans and Resolving Private Sector Insolvency by : Platon Monokroussos
Download or read book Non-Performing Loans and Resolving Private Sector Insolvency written by Platon Monokroussos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the issue of private sector over-indebtedness following the recent financial crisis. It addresses the various challenges for policymakers, investors and economic agents affected by applied remedial policies as the private non-financial sector in Europe continues to face increased challenges in servicing its debt, with the problem mainly concentrated in several countries in the EU periphery and Eastern Europe. Chapters from expert contributors address reduced investment as firms concentrate on deleveraging and repairing their balance sheets, curtailed consumer spending, depressed collateral values and weak credit creation. They examine effective policies to facilitate private sector debt restructuring which may involve significant upfront costs in terms of time to implement and committed budgetary resources, as well as necessary reforms required to improve the broader institutional framework and judicial capacity. The book also explores the issue of over indebtedness in the household sector, contributing to the literature in establishing best practice principles for household debt.
Author :International Monetary Fund. European Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1475565933 Total Pages :97 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (755 download)
Book Synopsis Ireland by : International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Download or read book Ireland written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses Ireland’s Eleventh Review Under the Extended Arrangement. Policy implementation remains on track but recent weak GDP data point to a slower growth recovery. Real GDP declined in the first quarter, reflecting a fall in exports and weak domestic demand. Nonetheless, fiscal results remain on track and sovereign and bank bond yields have risen relatively modestly in response to declining global risk appetite. A range of other economic indicators are more encouraging, suggesting lower but still positive growth in 2013, though uncertainty remains. Growth projections for 2014 are also lowered. The IMF staff supports the authorities’ request for completion of the eleventh review.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Commercial and Administrative Law Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :200 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Straightening Out the Mortgage Mess by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Commercial and Administrative Law
Download or read book Straightening Out the Mortgage Mess written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Commercial and Administrative Law and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Foreclosure Echo by : Linda E. Fisher
Download or read book The Foreclosure Echo written by Linda E. Fisher and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-18 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fisher and Fox demonstrate how ordinary people experienced the foreclosure crisis and how lenders and public institutions failed to protect them.
Book Synopsis Money, Trade and Finance by : Ioanna T. Kokores
Download or read book Money, Trade and Finance written by Ioanna T. Kokores and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-25 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses several aspects on the efficient resource allocation in the aftermath of the global financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis. The main focus of the volume is on recent European Union (EU) experience highlighting the interrelation between inherent structural rigidities and practical limitations in the conduct of sound economic policy. Special reference is made to Greece (evidencing unprecedented experience), the EU periphery countries and the US. This book will be of interest to academic and central bank researchers, business practitioners (in consultancy and finance) and graduate students, as it is a good example of how scholarly dialogue can contribute to contemporary high-quality policy debate on sound liquidity provision and financial stability in the Eurozone, as well as the effective ways to combat recession in the EU periphery countries.
Book Synopsis A Modern Guide to Financial Shocks and Crises by : Ferri, Giovanni
Download or read book A Modern Guide to Financial Shocks and Crises written by Ferri, Giovanni and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-14 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a comprehensive guide to financial shocks and crises, this book explores their increasing occurrence in current market economies, as well as their power to wrench the macroeconomy. The book discusses three critical questions: what causes financial shocks; which channels may exacerbate their impact; and what policies could help avoid them or limit their negative effect on the economy and society at large.
Author :International Monetary Fund. European Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1498399894 Total Pages :27 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (983 download)
Book Synopsis IMF Multi-Country Report by : International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Download or read book IMF Multi-Country Report written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-01-07 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the experiences of four European countries that have had large house-price declines in recent years. In particular, it examines the experiences of Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Spain—four countries in which the house-price cycle has been especially large and that share a similar institutional environment (a common monetary policy and the EU’s institutional framework)—with a view to exploring how policies can best support economic recovery in the wake of a house-price bust. The paper draws on and synthesizes related Selected Issues papers that are being or have been drafted as part of the 2014 Article IV consultations with these countries. These countries’ experiences share similarities, but also important differences. Shocks to house prices, unemployment, and bank balance sheets were most severe in Ireland and Spain, reflecting in part a higher amplitude of residential construction. However, the boom- bust cycle has, together with other shocks, left all four countries facing significant output gaps, as well as elevated levels of private-sector debt that pose headwinds for growth. Promoting recovery following a house-price bust requires a multi-pronged strategy. Large house-price busts can leave countries facing wide output gaps, a highly indebted private sector, and weaker bank balance sheets. Addressing these problems simultaneously can be challenging, as efforts often involve trade-offs (e.g., faster deleveraging can widen output gaps). A careful and multi-pronged strategy is thus required to minimize trade-offs and accelerate sustainable recovery. Important progress has been made in this regard in all four countries.
Author :International Monetary Fund. European Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :148433275X Total Pages :46 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis Cyprus by : International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Download or read book Cyprus written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the economic effects of weak claims enforcement for Cyprus. Claims enforcement in Cyprus is considerably less efficient than in most European Union countries. The banking crisis, which led to a spike in the number of pending litigious civil and commercial cases, could be a factor in the low enforcement efficiency. For Cyprus, piecemeal reform of the enforcement framework may have limited success, and a wholesale review is likely needed. Adding updated components may not fit well with the underlying civil procedure. Instead a comprehensive review, with a focus on limiting case suspensions allowed under interim applications and considering an alternative compensation basis for lawyers should be considered.
Download or read book Bankruptcy written by Joseph Spooner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-11 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excessive household debt has allowed for economic growth, but this model has become increasingly unstable. Spooner examines bankruptcy law as a potential solution.
Author :International Monetary Fund. European Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1498332234 Total Pages :52 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (983 download)
Book Synopsis Denmark by : International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Download or read book Denmark written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-12-09 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper examines the household debt situation in Denmark and factors that have contributed to the high level of household debt in the country. Various factors seem to account for the size of household debt, including large pension assets, a highly developed mortgage market, the availability of flexible mortgage products such as deferred amortization loans, indirect subsidies through tax preferences for home ownership, and a regulated rental market that limits mobility. The paper highlights that high household debt could pose direct risks to financial stability if the number of mortgage loan defaults rises sharply in the face of adverse shocks.
Book Synopsis Personal Insolvency in the 21st Century by : Iain Ramsay
Download or read book Personal Insolvency in the 21st Century written by Iain Ramsay and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-05-04 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1979 the world has witnessed a remarkable cycle of personal insolvency law reform. Changes in capitalist economies, financial crises and political interest groups all contributed to this cycle of reform. This book examines the role of interest groups and distinct narratives in shaping reform in different countries while drawing attention to the role of timing, path dependency and unintended consequences in the development of personal insolvency law. The book presents case studies of personal insolvency law in the US, France, Sweden, and England and Wales. It then analyses how, following the Great Recession of 2008, international financial institutions paid greater attention to the significance of household debt in contributing to financial instability and the role of individual insolvency law in providing a fresh start. Personal insolvency law reform became part of EU responses to the eurozone crisis and the EU has proposed harmonisation of individual insolvency law to promote entrepreneurialism. This book examines the extent to which these developments represent an emerging international commonsense about personal insolvency and its relationship to neo-liberalism. Finally, this book discusses whether the international emergence of individual personal insolvency law represents a progressive step or a band-aid for the costs of neo-liberal policies, where a significant number of people live close to the precipice of over-indebtedness.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 : Total Pages :179 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (2 download)
Book Synopsis Operational Guidance Note On Program Design and Conditionality by : International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
Download or read book Operational Guidance Note On Program Design and Conditionality written by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-01-30 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This note aims to provide guidance on the key principles and considerations underlying the design of Fund-supported programs. The note expands on the previous operational guidance notes on conditionality published over 2003-2014, incorporating lessons from the 2018-19 Review of Conditionality, and other recent key policy developments including the recommendation of the Management’s Implementation Plan in response to Independent Evaluation Office (IEO)’s report on growth and adjustment in IMF-supported programs. The note in particular highlights operational advice to (i) improve the realism of macroeconomic forecast in programs and fostering a more systematic analysis of contingency plans and risks; (ii) improve the focus, depth, implementation, and tailoring of structural conditions (SCs), with due consideration of growth effects; and (iii) help strengthen the ownership of country authorities. Designed as a comprehensive reference and primer on program design and conditionality in an accessible and transparent manner, the note refers in summary to a broad range of economic and policy considerations over the lifecycle of Fund-supported programs. As with all guidance notes, the relevant IMF Executive Board Decisions remain the primary legal authority on matters covered in this note.
