Resolving Conflicts Arising From The Privatization Of Environmental Data

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Resolving Conflicts Arising from the Privatization of Environmental Data

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309086647
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Resolving Conflicts Arising from the Privatization of Environmental Data by : National Research Council

Download or read book Resolving Conflicts Arising from the Privatization of Environmental Data written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reliable collections of science-based environmental information are vital for many groups of users and for a number of purposes. For example, electric utility companies predict demand during heat waves, structural engineers design buildings to withstand hurricanes and earthquakes, water managers monitor each winter's snow pack, and farmers plant and harvest crops based on daily weather predictions. Understanding the impact of human activities on climate, water, ecosystems, and species diversity, and assessing how natural systems may respond in the future are becoming increasingly important for public policy decisions. Environmental information systems gather factual information, transform it into information products, and distribute the products to users. Typical uses of the information require long-term consistency; hence the operation of the information system requires a long-term commitment from an institution, agency, or corporation. The need to keep costs down provides a strong motivation for creating multipurpose information systems that satisfy scientific, commercial and operational requirements, rather than systems that address narrow objectives. Resolving Conflicts Arising from the Privatization of Environmental Data focuses on such shared systems.

Resolving Conflicts Arising from the Privatization of Environmental Data

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309075831
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Resolving Conflicts Arising from the Privatization of Environmental Data by : National Research Council

Download or read book Resolving Conflicts Arising from the Privatization of Environmental Data written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-02-01 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reliable collections of science-based environmental information are vital for many groups of users and for a number of purposes. For example, electric utility companies predict demand during heat waves, structural engineers design buildings to withstand hurricanes and earthquakes, water managers monitor each winter's snow pack, and farmers plant and harvest crops based on daily weather predictions. Understanding the impact of human activities on climate, water, ecosystems, and species diversity, and assessing how natural systems may respond in the future are becoming increasingly important for public policy decisions. Environmental information systems gather factual information, transform it into information products, and distribute the products to users. Typical uses of the information require long-term consistency; hence the operation of the information system requires a long-term commitment from an institution, agency, or corporation. The need to keep costs down provides a strong motivation for creating multipurpose information systems that satisfy scientific, commercial and operational requirements, rather than systems that address narrow objectives. Resolving Conflicts Arising from the Privatization of Environmental Data focuses on such shared systems.

Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309102308
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China by : National Research Council

Download or read book Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-10-08 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preservation of and open access to digital scientific resources are essential to global research, yet the challenges in storing and maintaining access to these collections are substantial. China faces major hurdles in this regard. A workshop held in June 2004 in Beijing convened scientific information managers, digital archiving experts, national science policy and funding officials, and representatives of development organizations to explore the scientific and technical, legal and policy, institutional and economic, and management aspects of creating sustainable and accessible archives of digital health and environmental data in China.

Fair Weather

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030916852X
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Fair Weather by : National Research Council

Download or read book Fair Weather written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of evolving U.S. policy have led to three sectors providing weather servicesâ€"NOAA (primarily the National Weather Service [NWS]), academic institutions, and private companies. This three-sector system has produced a scope and diversity of weather services in the United States second to none. However, rapid scientific and technological change is changing the capabilities of the sectors and creating occasional friction. Fair Weather: Effective Partnerships in Weather and Climate Services examines the roles of the three sectors in providing weather and climate services, the barriers to interaction among the sectors, and the impact of scientific and technological advances on the weather enterprise. Readers from all three sectors will be interested in the analysis and recommendations provided in Fair Weather.

Environmental Data Management at NOAA

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309112095
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Data Management at NOAA by : National Research Council

Download or read book Environmental Data Management at NOAA written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-12-16 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) collects, manages, and disseminates a wide range of climate, weather, ecosystem and other environmental data that are used by scientists, engineers, resource managers, policy makers, and others in the United States and around the world. The increasing volume and diversity of NOAA's data holdings - which include everything from satellite images of clouds to the stomach contents of fish - and a large number of users present NOAA with substantial data management challenges. NOAA asked the National Research Council to help identify the observations, model output, and other environmental information that must be preserved in perpetuity and made readily accessible, as opposed to data with more limited storage lifetime and accessibility requirements. This report offers nine general principles for effective environmental data management, along with a number of more specific guidelines and examples that explain and illustrate how these principles could be applied at NOAA.

The Role of Scientific and Technical Data and Information in the Public Domain

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030908850X
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Scientific and Technical Data and Information in the Public Domain by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Role of Scientific and Technical Data and Information in the Public Domain written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-09-29 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This symposium brought together leading experts and managers from the public and private sectors who are involved in the creation, dissemination, and use of scientific and technical data and information (STI) to: (1) describe and discuss the role and the benefits and costsâ€"both economic and otherâ€"of the public domain in STI in the research and education context, (2) to identify and analyze the legal, economic, and technological pressures on the public domain in STI in research and education, (3) describe and discuss existing and proposed approaches to preserving the public domain in STI in the United States, and (4) identify issues that may require further analysis.

Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309085152
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing by : National Research Council

Download or read book Toward New Partnerships In Remote Sensing written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-10-18 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technical, scientific, policy, and institutional environment for conducting Earth science research has been changing rapidly over the past few decades. Changes in the technical environment are due both to the advent of new types and sources of remote sensing data, which have higher spatial and spectral resolution, and to the development of vastly expanded capabilities in data access, visualization, spatial data integration, and data management. The scientific environment is changing because of the strong emphasis on global change research, both nationally and internationally, and the evolving data requirements for that research. And the policy and institutional environment for the production of Earth observation data is changing with the diversification of both remote sensing data and the institutions that produce the data. In this report, the Space Studies Board's Steering Committee on Space Applications and Commercialization explores the implications of this changing environment, examining the opportunities and challenges it presents.

Licensing Geographic Data and Services

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309092671
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Licensing Geographic Data and Services by : National Research Council

Download or read book Licensing Geographic Data and Services written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-11-13 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geographic data are used in all sectors of society to support a huge range of applications ranging from emergency response to land-use planning to location-based services. In the past, government agencies typically acquired ownership of such data from private-sector and other data producers and distributed these data without restriction. Licensing-whereby the producer may restrict redistribution-has emerged as an alternative business model that agencies must now consider among a suite of procurement options. The report highlights licensing perspectives and experiences of major stakeholder groups and examines the pros and cons of licensing. It concludes that licensing may be a viable option in some instances and advises agencies on how to best serve societal interests.

Open Space

Author : Mariel Borowitz
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262551195
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Open Space by : Mariel Borowitz

Download or read book Open Space written by Mariel Borowitz and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2024-02-06 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of environmental satellite data sharing policies, offering a model of data-sharing policy development, case and practical recommendations for increasing global data sharing. Key to understanding and addressing climate change is continuous and precise monitoring of environmental conditions. Satellites play an important role in collecting climate data, offering comprehensive global coverage that can't be matched by in situ observation. And yet, as Mariel Borowitz shows in this book, much satellite data is not freely available but restricted; this remains true despite the data-sharing advocacy of international organizations and a global open data movement. Borowitz examines policies governing the sharing of environmental satellite data, offering a model of data-sharing policy development and applying it in case studies from the United States, Europe, and Japan—countries responsible for nearly half of the unclassified government Earth observation satellites. Borowitz develops a model that centers on the government agency as the primary actor while taking into account the roles of such outside actors as other government officials and non-governmental actors, as well as the economic, security, and normative attributes of the data itself. The case studies include the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA), and the United States Geological Survey (USGS); the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT); and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA). Finally, she considers the policy implications of her findings for the future and provides recommendations on how to increase global sharing of satellite data.

Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309147824
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-11-17 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As digital technologies are expanding the power and reach of research, they are also raising complex issues. These include complications in ensuring the validity of research data; standards that do not keep pace with the high rate of innovation; restrictions on data sharing that reduce the ability of researchers to verify results and build on previous research; and huge increases in the amount of data being generated, creating severe challenges in preserving that data for long-term use. Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age examines the consequences of the changes affecting research data with respect to three issues - integrity, accessibility, and stewardship-and finds a need for a new approach to the design and the management of research projects. The report recommends that all researchers receive appropriate training in the management of research data, and calls on researchers to make all research data, methods, and other information underlying results publicly accessible in a timely manner. The book also sees the stewardship of research data as a critical long-term task for the research enterprise and its stakeholders. Individual researchers, research institutions, research sponsors, professional societies, and journals involved in scientific, engineering, and medical research will find this book an essential guide to the principles affecting research data in the digital age.

Putting People on the Map

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309104149
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Putting People on the Map by : National Research Council

Download or read book Putting People on the Map written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-03-22 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precise, accurate spatial information linked to social and behavioral data is revolutionizing social science by opening new questions for investigation and improving understanding of human behavior in its environmental context. At the same time, precise spatial data make it more likely that individuals can be identified, breaching the promise of confidentiality made when the data were collected. Because norms of science and government agencies favor open access to all scientific data, the tension between the benefits of open access and the risks associated with potential breach of confidentiality pose significant challenges to researchers, research sponsors, scientific institutions, and data archivists. Putting People on the Map finds that several technical approaches for making data available while limiting risk have potential, but none is adequate on its own or in combination. This book offers recommendations for education, training, research, and practice to researchers, professional societies, federal agencies, institutional review boards, and data stewards.

A Research Agenda for Geographic Information Science

Author : Robert B. McMaster
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000611590
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis A Research Agenda for Geographic Information Science by : Robert B. McMaster

Download or read book A Research Agenda for Geographic Information Science written by Robert B. McMaster and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-08-30 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A close relationship exists between GIS and numerous applications, including cartography, photogrammetry, geodesy, surveying, computer and information science, and statistics, among others. Scientists coined the term "geographic information science (GIScience)" to describe the theory behind these fields. A Research Agenda for Geographic Information

Public Sector Information in the Digital Age

Author : Georg Aichholzer
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781781956557
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (565 download)

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Book Synopsis Public Sector Information in the Digital Age by : Georg Aichholzer

Download or read book Public Sector Information in the Digital Age written by Georg Aichholzer and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2004-12-20 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely volume reviews key issues and developments in the controversial area of public sector information (PSI). It addresses the fundamental themes, challenges and conflicts surrounding the access to, and use of, PSI in the new digital era. Using detailed empirical analyses and case studies from across Europe and the USA, the authors focus on the crucial policy, economic, legal and social issues. The public sector is the biggest single producer and holder of information including administrative and government documents, regulatory texts, political data and public registers. The authors demonstrate that this huge store of information is a key resource for a broad range of stakeholders such as citizens, civic organisations, private businesses and public sector agencies. They argue that charging the marginal cost of dissemination, a policy favoured in the US, will lead to optimal economic growth in society and will far outweigh the immediate perceived benefits of aggressive cost recovery.

Accomplishments of the U.S. Global Change Research Program

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309455014
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Accomplishments of the U.S. Global Change Research Program by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Accomplishments of the U.S. Global Change Research Program written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-03-13 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) is an interagency program, established by the Global Change Research Act (GCRA) of 1990, mandated by Congress to "assist the Nation and the world to understand, assess, predict, and respond to human-induced and natural processes of global change". Since the USGCRP began, scientific understanding of global change has increased and the information needs of the nation have changed dramatically. A better understanding of what is changing and why can help decision makers in the public and private sectors cope with ongoing change. Accomplishments of the U.S. Global Change Research Program highlights the growth of global change science in the quarter century that the USGCRP has been in existence, and documents some of its contributions to that growth through its primary functions of interagency planning and coordination, and of synthesis of research and practice to inform decision making.

The Law and Theory of Trade Secrecy

Author : Rochelle C. Dreyfuss
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0857933078
Total Pages : 639 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (579 download)

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Book Synopsis The Law and Theory of Trade Secrecy by : Rochelle C. Dreyfuss

Download or read book The Law and Theory of Trade Secrecy written by Rochelle C. Dreyfuss and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely Handbook marks a major shift in innovation studies, moving the focus of attention from the standard intellectual property regimes of copyright, patent, and trademark, to an exploration of trade secrecy and the laws governing know-how, tacit knowledge, and confidential relationships. The editors introduce the long tradition of trade secrecy protection and its emerging importance as a focus of scholarly inquiry. The book then presents theoretical, doctrinal, and comparative considerations of the foundations of trade secrecy, before moving on to study the impact of trade secrecy regimes on innovation and on other social values. Coverage includes topics such as sharing norms, expressive interests, culture, politics, competition, health, and the environment. This important Handbook offers the first modern exploration of trade secrecy law and will strongly appeal to intellectual property academics, and to students and lawyers practicing in the intellectual property area. Professors in competition law, constitutional law and environmental law will also find much to interest them in this book, as will innovation theorists.

Property Law and Economics

Author : Boudewijn Bouckaert
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1849806519
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (498 download)

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Book Synopsis Property Law and Economics by : Boudewijn Bouckaert

Download or read book Property Law and Economics written by Boudewijn Bouckaert and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains illuminating and carefully written literature reviews on the central topics of the economics of property rights and institutions. As a bonus, it includes two fascinating chapters on topics off the beaten path slavery and new types of property rights in environmental goods. This book will be indispensible for students and experienced scholars alike. Eric Posner, University of Chicago Law School, US This study covers property law and property rights, providing a full summary and comprehensive bibliography of the existing law, together with discussion from an economic perspective on the most important aspects of property law. Leading experts have brought together their knowledge and insight on a full range of issues including comparative property law and the history of property law to create a truly autonomous interdisciplinary resource. This essential reference work will strongly appeal to scholars and students enrolled in academic programmes of law and economics. Academic lawyers involved in research and teaching of private (common) law, practicing lawyers in the field of real estate law, as well as economists involved in researching development economics and transition economics will also find this an invaluable resource.

Precise Geodetic Infrastructure

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309163293
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Precise Geodetic Infrastructure by : National Research Council

Download or read book Precise Geodetic Infrastructure written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-10-25 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geodesy is the science of accurately measuring and understanding three fundamental properties of Earth: its geometric shape, its orientation in space, and its gravity field, as well as the changes of these properties with time. Over the past half century, the United States, in cooperation with international partners, has led the development of geodetic techniques and instrumentation. Geodetic observing systems provide a significant benefit to society in a wide array of military, research, civil, and commercial areas, including sea level change monitoring, autonomous navigation, tighter low flying routes for strategic aircraft, precision agriculture, civil surveying, earthquake monitoring, forest structural mapping and biomass estimation, and improved floodplain mapping. Recognizing the growing reliance of a wide range of scientific and societal endeavors on infrastructure for precise geodesy, and recognizing geodetic infrastructure as a shared national resource, this book provides an independent assessment of the benefits provided by geodetic observations and networks, as well as a plan for the future development and support of the infrastructure needed to meet the demand for increasingly greater precision. Precise Geodetic Infrastructure makes a series of focused recommendations for upgrading and improving specific elements of the infrastructure, for enhancing the role of the United States in international geodetic services, for evaluating the requirements for a geodetic workforce for the coming decades, and for providing national coordination and advocacy for the various agencies and organizations that contribute to the geodetic infrastructure.