Reseaux Sociaux Et Geographie Economique

Author : Marie Lalanne
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (869 download)

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Download or read book Essais Sur L'économie Des Réseaux Sociaux Et Du Genre written by Marie Lalanne and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates one factor that may differ across men and women and may contribute to their differentlabor market outcomes: social networks. The objective of this work is twofold. On the one hand, it is important tounderstand whether men and women differ in the way they form their social networks. On the other hand, it isnecessary to pay particular attention to how men and women use their social networks for job-related benefits, inorder to understand whether social networks form part of the explanation behind persistent gender differences inthe labor market.The first chapter tries to assess whether men and women differ in terms of their social network formation. It teststwo hypotheses, based on sexual selection theory, about gender differences in individual choices with respect tosocial interactions that require investment (of time or economic resources). The differential selectivity hypothesispredicts that women invest less than men in interactions with new partners, all other things being equal. Thedifferential opportunism hypothesis predicts that women's investments in social interactions are less responsive toinformation about the likely economic payoff to these investments. Both hypotheses, if true, imply importantdifferences in the formation of social networks by women and men. Evidence is found in support of the twohypotheses, using two cohorts of a total of 363 students that were matched randomly over two rounds withpartners to play trust games.The second chapter investigates whether social networks yield different salary benefits for some 22,000 male andfemale senior executive and non-executive board members in European and US firms. The number of currentlyinfluential individuals with whom executive men have previously worked has a large positive impact on their salary,while the impact for executive women is significantly weaker, and statistically distinguishable from zero only incertain years. These findings also hold for non-salaried remuneration. Using a placebo measure of individuals whowere employed in the same firm as the individuals, but at different times, it is shown that the network measuresreflect genuine connections and not merely unobserved individual characteristics. In contrast to executives, nonexecutiveboard members do not display systematic gender differences in the effectiveness with which theyleverage their links into remuneration. The possible mechanisms at play are explored, and it appears that the firmswhich do the most to integrate women into positions of executive power appear to rely less on networks forrecruitment.The third chapter focuses on the role of social networks in outside board appointments. Using data on US publiclyquoted companies from 2003 to 2012, prior employment links between candidates and the current directors sittingon the board are uncovered by studying the employment history of candidates and board members anddetermining whether they have previously worked together. This works shows that having historical connectionswith board members increases the probability of being appointed as an outside director, and knowing the CEO inparticular increases this probability further. On the contrary, being connected with members of the nominationcommittee in particular does not improve the chances of being appointed to the board above and beyond theeffect of knowing any board member. Future research should determine whether the effect of social networks onoutside board appointments is detrimental or not for firm performance and corporate governance in general.