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Research On Traffic Sign Retroreflective Sheeting Performance
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Book Synopsis Research on Traffic Sign Retroreflective Sheeting Performance by : H. Gene Hawkins
Download or read book Research on Traffic Sign Retroreflective Sheeting Performance written by H. Gene Hawkins and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sign retroreflectivity is an important characteristic of traffic signs, and it is a critical factor in defining the effectiveness of signs in a nighttime environment. This synthesis summarizes previous research on various aspects of sign sheeting retroreflectivity in nine areas: basic retroreflectivity science; retroreflectivity materials, specifications, and measurement; sign performance; sign degradation, minimum retroreflectivity; field measurement of sign retroreflectivity; economic benefits; fluorescent materials; and safety. The synthesis of previous research serves as the basis for recommendations for selecting sign sheeting based on sheeting grade and roadway environment.
Book Synopsis Service Life of Retroreflective Traffic Signs by : Kent L. Black
Download or read book Service Life of Retroreflective Traffic Signs written by Kent L. Black and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to predict coefficient of retroreflection (RA) values for inservice traffic signs is critical for the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) Sign Management System (SMS). Within the SMS, tools for predicting inservice retroreflective performance of traffic signs and for determining the motorist's visual needs are required. The research which focuses on the motorist's needs in terms of traffic sign luminance, legibility distance, conspicuity, etc., is on-going by others. The project reported on here evaluated the effects of climatological and geographic variables on sign sheeting deterioration. A national data collection effort was undertaken. Data samples from 6,275 traffic signs were collected across the country.
Book Synopsis A Retroreflective Sheeting Selection Technique for Nighttime Drivers' Needs by : Susan C. Paulus
Download or read book A Retroreflective Sheeting Selection Technique for Nighttime Drivers' Needs written by Susan C. Paulus and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, the author developed a retroreflective sheeting selection technique for traffic signs. Previous research was used to determine the luminance needed by drivers (demand luminance). The author used roadways scenarios to determine the amount of luminance the retroreflective sheeting on a sign would produce (supply luminance). A spreadsheet was developed to determine the performance of different retroreflective sheeting types by comparing the demand and supply luminance for specific roadway scenarios. Using the results of previous studies, three demand luminance levels were created: replacement, adequate, and desirable. The replacement level represents the level of luminance when a sign needs to be replaced and is 2.5 cd/m2. The adequate level is the recommended amount of luminance when installing new traffic signs and is 10 cd/m2. The desirable level is the approximate level when additional luminance has diminishing returns and is 30 cd/m2. Supply luminance on a specific traffic sign was determined by evaluating roadway geometries, sign placement, retroreflective sheeting type and vehicle data. The author reviewed roadway geometries in Texas to estimate typical number of lanes, shoulder widths and horizontal curvature in the US. Sign placement from the MUTCD determined the typical lateral placements, sign heights, and sign twists. Vehicle data included vehicle dimensions and headlamp type. Both the supply and demand luminance were determined for a specific viewing distance for a given scenario. The viewing distance is the distance a driver needs to read or recognize a sign to respond properly. In addition, the type of sign, alphanumeric or symbol, determined how this distance was calculated. The author developed four sign groups to calculate the distance required to read and respond to a traffic sign, including 1) Stop required, 2) Reduction in speed required, 3) Read the message provided, and 4) Change of lane required. For symbol signs, the minimum required visibility distance (MRVD) was determined for the sign group and for text signs, the viewing distance at a legibility index (LI) of 30 ft/in was found. At these distances, the author calculated the supply luminance and then compared it to the demand luminance levels to determine the performance level. The author developed the Retroreflective Sheeting Selection Spreadsheet (RSSS) to allow others to use the methodology presented in this thesis. RSSS allows users to input the roadway data, vehicle data, and sign data. RSSS takes this information and looks up the supply luminance for the scenario. RSSS then compares the supply luminance to the demand luminance levels and outputs the retroreflective sheeting performance level for the scenario.
Book Synopsis Updated Minimum Retroreflectivity Levels for Traffic Signs by : Paul John Carlson
Download or read book Updated Minimum Retroreflectivity Levels for Traffic Signs written by Paul John Carlson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report includes an updated set of recommended MR levels for traffic signs based on recent developments in vehicle headlamps, vehicle types/sizes, nighttime driver needs, and newer sheeting materials. The updated MR levels are also based on more robust computer modeling of retroreflective sheeting performance.
Book Synopsis A Review of Kansas Department of Transportation Reflective Sheeting Policy by : Eugene R. Russell
Download or read book A Review of Kansas Department of Transportation Reflective Sheeting Policy written by Eugene R. Russell and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this study was to determine the best, cost-effective policy, consistent with safety, for sign sheeting material to be used on signs and construction work zone traffic control devices on State highways in Kansas. The investigation consisted of reviewing literature, contacting knowledgeable traffic engineers and research, conducting a survey of selected States' practice, conducting a life-cycle cost analysis, and reviewing a previous reflective sheeting study conducted for the Kansas Department of Transportation (Bellomo-McGee Inc., 1988).
Book Synopsis Implementation Strategies for Sign Retroreflectivity Standards by : Kent L. Black
Download or read book Implementation Strategies for Sign Retroreflectivity Standards written by Kent L. Black and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1992 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Retroreflective Sheeting Materials on Highway Signs by : Donna Tranchida
Download or read book Retroreflective Sheeting Materials on Highway Signs written by Donna Tranchida and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a road research project, older drivers were asked to read street names as soon as they were able as they were approaching an intersection. The signs were always on the farsides of the intersection but could be either on the right or left side. Intersections of three levels of compplexity were used. A repeated measures design was used. The implications for driving safety were discussed in the context of visual information processing workload, divided attention and multitasking.
Book Synopsis Reflective Sign Sheeting Study by : Stephen F. Shober
Download or read book Reflective Sign Sheeting Study written by Stephen F. Shober and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Road Traffic Signs. Testing and Performance of Microprismatic Retroreflective Sheeting Materials. Specification by : British Standards Institute Staff
Download or read book Road Traffic Signs. Testing and Performance of Microprismatic Retroreflective Sheeting Materials. Specification written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 2005-05-25 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Road signs, Reflective materials, Retroreflective materials, Sheet materials, Performance, Chromaticity, Luminance, Optical properties of materials, Photometry (light measurement), Optical measurement, Visibility
Book Synopsis Practices to Manage Traffic Sign Retroreflectivity by : Jonathan M. Re
Download or read book Practices to Manage Traffic Sign Retroreflectivity written by Jonathan M. Re and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2012 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 431: Practices to Manage Traffic Sign Retroreflectivity includes examples of practices that illustrate how different types of transportation agencies might meet federal retroreflectivity requirements for traffic signs.
Book Synopsis Retroreflective Requirements for Traffic Signs - a STOP Case Study. Final Report by : Juan M. Morales
Download or read book Retroreflective Requirements for Traffic Signs - a STOP Case Study. Final Report written by Juan M. Morales and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study determined the performance of STOP signs based on their retroreflective properties. Thirty-five 30-inch STOP signs, including engineering grade and high intensity, were measured in the laboratory to determine their retroreflective properties. A subset of ten signs was taken to the field to determine how far they could be recognized by paid subjects. Mathematical relationships between the various retroreflective properties and recognition distance were developed. The overall specific intensity per unit area (SIA) was found to be a good measure for estimating the recognition distance of STOP signs.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Effect of Clearview Font and Retro-reflective Sheeting Materials on Legibility Distance by : Rakshit N. Gowda
Download or read book Evaluation of the Effect of Clearview Font and Retro-reflective Sheeting Materials on Legibility Distance written by Rakshit N. Gowda and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last several decades, the number of drivers and the number of senior citizens driving on U.S highways has increased significantly along with the number of traffic signs. The median age of the drivers has also increased due to the aging population. Traffic signs provide a plethora of necessary information - directions, guidance, warnings, regulations, and recreation. With today's congestion and higher speed, it's very important to recognize the need for brighter and easier to read signs to increase safety among drivers. In the recent years, there has been innovation in the field of traffic engineering, giving rise to numerous innovations in retro-reflective sheeting materials and fonts. It is important to identify the combination of font and retro-reflective sheeting material, which performs best by increasing the legibility distance between the driver and the sign during both day and night time conditions. The objective of the research was to determine the combination of font (among Clearview 5-W, Series E-Modified and Clearview 5-W-R) and retro-reflective sheeting materials (DG3, Type 4 and Type 1) that produces maximum legibility distance. The objective was also to study the safety benefits of the Clearview font. Both field and computer based tests were carried out to find out which combination of font and retro-reflective material produced maximum legibility distance. From field tests it was found that the Clearview 5-W-R font along with Type 1 reflective material produced the maximum legibility distance in day time conditions, whereas Clearview 5-W-R along with Type 4 reflective material produced the maximum legibility distance at night conditions. It was also seen that while the Type 1 sheeting material performed well during day time, it failed to produce good results during night time. In fact it ended up as the worst performing sheeting material during night time. Based on these observations, it is recommended to use the Clearview 5-W-R in combination with Type 4 retro-reflective sheeting as it showed the most consistent performance compared to all other combinations of fonts and DG3 or Type 1 retro-reflective material.
Book Synopsis Review of Retroreflective Sign Sheeting Materials, Practices and Policies. Final Report by : Gerardo W. Flintsch
Download or read book Review of Retroreflective Sign Sheeting Materials, Practices and Policies. Final Report written by Gerardo W. Flintsch and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impact Assessment of Revised Retroreflectivity Requirements for Highway Signs in Montana by : John Michael Mounce
Download or read book Impact Assessment of Revised Retroreflectivity Requirements for Highway Signs in Montana written by John Michael Mounce and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this report is to give a preliminary assessment of the impact that revised retroreflectivity requirements will have on the State of Montana. Conclusions and recommendations are made future management and handling of sign inventory data in Montana. This objective is addressed through the following tasks: Task A: Review, assimilation and analyses of current literature available on a nationwide basis; Task B: Discussion of results from a multi state phone solicitation regarding state sign management practices and policies; Task C: An assessment of sign reflectivity inspection equipment and sampling methodology; and Task D: Evaluation of Montana sign inventory on the basis of current practices and condition of a limited sampling of signs. Recommendations of this report include upgrading of, or improvements to Montana Department of Transportation sign management system and multi-district statewide retroreflective sampling to better determine the impacts revised standards may have.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Retroreflective Sheetings for Use on Roadway Traffic Signs : Final Report by : Samir A. Ahmed
Download or read book Evaluation of Retroreflective Sheetings for Use on Roadway Traffic Signs : Final Report written by Samir A. Ahmed and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Retroreflective Materials and Devices for Road Traffic Control Purposes by : Standards Australia (Organization)
Download or read book Retroreflective Materials and Devices for Road Traffic Control Purposes written by Standards Australia (Organization) and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Specifies the performance requirements for retroreflective sheeting used in the manufacture of road signs and related traffic control devices. It does not apply to retroreflective pavement markings"--Standards New Zealand website.
Book Synopsis A Determination of the Appropriateness of Virginia's Retroreflective Sign Sheeting Specification for Fluorescent Orange Construction and Maintenance Signs by : Stephen C. Brich
Download or read book A Determination of the Appropriateness of Virginia's Retroreflective Sign Sheeting Specification for Fluorescent Orange Construction and Maintenance Signs written by Stephen C. Brich and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To ensure the safe and efficient movement of traffic through a highway network during nighttime conditions, traffic signs are either illuminated or made retroreflective. The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) requires that retroreflective sheeting used on construction and maintenance activity signs be a fluorescent prismatic lens type capable of being retroreflective at entrance angles as great as 50 deg with observation angles of 0.2 and 0.5 deg. Because the validity of the 50-deg entrance angle requirement was questioned, this research was conducted to determine if VDOT's specification is appropriate. Since this project was concerned with fluorescent orange construction and maintenance signs, 232 work zones in Virginia for the 1999 construction season were identified and inventoried. From these sites, 1,865 signs were investigated. The information collected included position, offset, height, shape and dimensions, whether tilted forward or back, rotation and twist, and the number of approach lanes facing the sign. This information was compiled in a spreadsheet, and a vector-based model was developed to determine the entrance, observation, rotation, and orientation angles for each sign. The results indicated that VDOT's 50-deg entrance angle requirement is not appropriate for fluorescent orange construction and maintenance signs. However, the results also indicated that more emphasis should be placed on observation angle requirements than on entrance angle requirements. Every motorist on the approach to a sign will have an observation angle of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and possibly 2.0 deg depending on the type of vehicle being driven. The study recommends that VDOT specify a 40-deg entrance angle and a 1.0-deg observation angle for prismatic fluorescent orange work zone signs. In addition, the study recommends that the specification include requirements for orientation and rotation angles.
