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Research Decisions And Estimation With Confidence And Power
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Book Synopsis Research Decisions and Estimation With Confidence and Power by : L E MacCarter
Download or read book Research Decisions and Estimation With Confidence and Power written by L E MacCarter and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2021-07-19 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Decisions and Estimation with Confidence and Power: This book is about research with an emphasis on inference, sample size, confidence intervals, and a rational approach to power, offered at an affordable price for students everywhere. It explores current controversies in inferential statistics. It deals with sample size estimation for a wide variety of experimental situations. An updated general statistics text/reference that emphasizes the latest approaches to a priori sample size and power Can be used as a text for majors or non-majors in statistics, as a curriculum for any level of statistical training, or as a reference for researchers 560+ pages at a price researchers and students anywhere can afford New material researched from classical and recent literature (extensive citations and index) Avoids the use of the unfortunately common "large," "medium," and "small," which has been discredited for decades, including by the tacit admission of its author, Cohen (1988, p25) Discusses ways to avoid pitfalls due to the lack of robustness of the ANOVA, the fact that data is almost never normal etc.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Research Design by : Neil J. Salkind
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Research Design written by Neil J. Salkind and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page 1779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Comprising more than 500 entries, the Encyclopedia of Research Design explains how to make decisions about research design, undertake research projects in an ethical manner, interpret and draw valid inferences from data, and evaluate experiment design strategies and results. Two additional features carry this encyclopedia far above other works in the field: bibliographic entries devoted to significant articles in the history of research design and reviews of contemporary tools, such as software and statistical procedures, used to analyze results. It covers the spectrum of research design strategies, from material presented in introductory classes to topics necessary in graduate research; it addresses cross- and multidisciplinary research needs, with many examples drawn from the social and behavioral sciences, neurosciences, and biomedical and life sciences; it provides summaries of advantages and disadvantages of often-used strategies; and it uses hundreds of sample tables, figures, and equations based on real-life cases."--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Confidence Intervals by : Michael Smithson
Download or read book Confidence Intervals written by Michael Smithson and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2003 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smithson first introduces the basis of the confidence interval framework and then provides the criteria for "best" confidence intervals, along with the trade-offs between confidence and precision. Next, using a reader-friendly style with lots of worked out examples from various disciplines, he covers such pertinent topics as: the transformation principle whereby a confidence interval for a parameter may be used to construct an interval for any monotonic transformation of that parameter; confidence intervals on distributions whose shape changes with the value of the parameter being estimated; and, the relationship between confidence interval and significance testing frameworks, particularly regarding power.
Book Synopsis Statistics with Confidence by : Douglas Altman
Download or read book Statistics with Confidence written by Douglas Altman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-06-03 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly popular introduction to confidence intervals has been thoroughly updated and expanded. It includes methods for using confidence intervals, with illustrative worked examples and extensive guidelines and checklists to help the novice.
Book Synopsis Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions by : Julian P. T. Higgins
Download or read book Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions written by Julian P. T. Higgins and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2008-11-24 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthcare providers, consumers, researchers and policy makers are inundated with unmanageable amounts of information, including evidence from healthcare research. It has become impossible for all to have the time and resources to find, appraise and interpret this evidence and incorporate it into healthcare decisions. Cochrane Reviews respond to this challenge by identifying, appraising and synthesizing research-based evidence and presenting it in a standardized format, published in The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions contains methodological guidance for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane intervention reviews. Written in a clear and accessible format, it is the essential manual for all those preparing, maintaining and reading Cochrane reviews. Many of the principles and methods described here are appropriate for systematic reviews applied to other types of research and to systematic reviews of interventions undertaken by others. It is hoped therefore that this book will be invaluable to all those who want to understand the role of systematic reviews, critically appraise published reviews or perform reviews themselves.
Book Synopsis Sample-Size Determination in Quantitative Social Work Research by : Patrick Dattalo
Download or read book Sample-Size Determination in Quantitative Social Work Research written by Patrick Dattalo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-11 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A researcher's decision about the sample to draw in a study may have an enormous impact on the results, and it rests on numerous statistical and practical considerations that can be difficult to juggle. Computer programs help, but no single software package exists that allows researchers to determine sample size across all statistical procedures. This pocket guide shows social work students, educators, and researchers how to prevent some of the mistakes that would result from a wrong sample size decision by describing and critiquing four main approaches to determining sample size. In concise, example-rich chapters, Dattalo covers sample-size determination using power analysis, confidence intervals, computer-intensive strategies, and ethical or cost considerations, as well as techniques for advanced and emerging statistical strategies such as structural equation modeling, multilevel analysis, repeated measures MANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA. He also offers strategies for mitigating pressures to increase sample size when doing so may not be feasible. Whether as an introduction to the process for students or as a refresher for experienced researchers, this practical guide is a perfect overview of a crucial but often overlooked step in empirical social work research.
Book Synopsis Research Design and Statistical Analysis by : Jerome L. Myers
Download or read book Research Design and Statistical Analysis written by Jerome L. Myers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 821 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Design and Statistical Analysis provides comprehensive coverage of the design principles and statistical concepts necessary to make sense of real data. The book’s goal is to provide a strong conceptual foundation to enable readers to generalize concepts to new research situations. Emphasis is placed on the underlying logic and assumptions of the analysis and what it tells the researcher, the limitations of the analysis, and the consequences of violating assumptions. Sampling, design efficiency, and statistical models are emphasized throughout. As per APA recommendations, emphasis is also placed on data exploration, effect size measures, confidence intervals, and using power analyses to determine sample size. "Real-world" data sets are used to illustrate data exploration, analysis, and interpretation. The book offers a rare blend of the underlying statistical assumptions, the consequences of their violations, and practical advice on dealing with them. Changes in the New Edition: Each section of the book concludes with a chapter that provides an integrated example of how to apply the concepts and procedures covered in the chapters of the section. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of alternative designs are discussed. A new chapter (1) reviews the major steps in planning and executing a study, and the implications of those decisions for subsequent analyses and interpretations. A new chapter (13) compares experimental designs to reinforce the connection between design and analysis and to help readers achieve the most efficient research study. A new chapter (27) on common errors in data analysis and interpretation. Increased emphasis on power analyses to determine sample size using the G*Power 3 program. Many new data sets and problems. More examples of the use of SPSS (PASW) Version 17, although the analyses exemplified are readily carried out by any of the major statistical software packages. A companion website with the data used in the text and the exercises in SPSS and Excel formats; SPSS syntax files for performing analyses; extra material on logistic and multiple regression; technical notes that develop some of the formulas; and a solutions manual and the text figures and tables for instructors only. Part 1 reviews research planning, data exploration, and basic concepts in statistics including sampling, hypothesis testing, measures of effect size, estimators, and confidence intervals. Part 2 presents between-subject designs. The statistical models underlying the analysis of variance for these designs are emphasized, along with the role of expected mean squares in estimating effects of variables, the interpretation of nteractions, and procedures for testing contrasts and controlling error rates. Part 3 focuses on repeated-measures designs and considers the advantages and disadvantages of different mixed designs. Part 4 presents detailed coverage of correlation and bivariate and multiple regression with emphasis on interpretation and common errors, and discusses the usefulness and limitations of these procedures as tools for prediction and for developing theory. This is one of the few books with coverage sufficient for a 2-semester course sequence in experimental design and statistics as taught in psychology, education, and other behavioral, social, and health sciences. Incorporating the analyses of both experimental and observational data provides continuity of concepts and notation. Prerequisites include courses on basic research methods and statistics. The book is also an excellent resource for practicing researchers.
Book Synopsis Determining Sample Size and Power in Research Studies by : J. P. Verma
Download or read book Determining Sample Size and Power in Research Studies written by J. P. Verma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-20 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses sample size and power in the context of research, offering valuable insights for graduate and doctoral students as well as researchers in any discipline where data is generated to investigate research questions. It explains how to enhance the authenticity of research by estimating the sample size and reporting the power of the tests used. Further, it discusses the issue of sample size determination in survey studies as well as in hypothesis testing experiments so that readers can grasp the concept of statistical errors, minimum detectable difference, effect size, one-tail and two-tail tests and the power of the test. The book also highlights the importance of fixing these boundary conditions in enhancing the authenticity of research findings and improving the chances of research papers being accepted by respected journals. Further, it explores the significance of sample size by showing the power achieved in selected doctoral studies. Procedure has been discussed to fix power in the hypothesis testing experiment. One should usually have power at least 0.8 in the study because having power less than this will have the issue of practical significance of findings. If the power in any study is less than 0.5 then it would be better to test the hypothesis by tossing a coin instead of organizing the experiment. It also discusses determining sample size and power using the freeware G*Power software, based on twenty-one examples using different analyses, like t-test, parametric and non-parametric correlations, multivariate regression, logistic regression, independent and repeated measures ANOVA, mixed design, MANOVA and chi-square.
Book Synopsis Quantifying the User Experience by : Jeff Sauro
Download or read book Quantifying the User Experience written by Jeff Sauro and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2016-07-12 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantifying the User Experience: Practical Statistics for User Research, Second Edition, provides practitioners and researchers with the information they need to confidently quantify, qualify, and justify their data. The book presents a practical guide on how to use statistics to solve common quantitative problems that arise in user research. It addresses questions users face every day, including, Is the current product more usable than our competition? Can we be sure at least 70% of users can complete the task on their first attempt? How long will it take users to purchase products on the website? This book provides a foundation for statistical theories and the best practices needed to apply them. The authors draw on decades of statistical literature from human factors, industrial engineering, and psychology, as well as their own published research, providing both concrete solutions (Excel formulas and links to their own web-calculators), along with an engaging discussion on the statistical reasons why tests work and how to effectively communicate results. Throughout this new edition, users will find updates on standardized usability questionnaires, a new chapter on general linear modeling (correlation, regression, and analysis of variance), with updated examples and case studies throughout. Completely updated to provide practical guidance on solving usability testing problems with statistics for any project, including those using Six Sigma practices Includes new and revised information on standardized usability questionnaires Includes a completely new chapter introducing correlation, regression, and analysis of variance Shows practitioners which test to use, why they work, and best practices for application, along with easy-to-use Excel formulas and web-calculators for analyzing data Recommends ways for researchers and practitioners to communicate results to stakeholders in plain English
Book Synopsis Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences by : Jacob Cohen
Download or read book Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences written by Jacob Cohen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical Power Analysis is a nontechnical guide to power analysis in research planning that provides users of applied statistics with the tools they need for more effective analysis. The Second Edition includes: * a chapter covering power analysis in set correlation and multivariate methods; * a chapter considering effect size, psychometric reliability, and the efficacy of "qualifying" dependent variables and; * expanded power and sample size tables for multiple regression/correlation.
Book Synopsis Principles and Practice of Clinical Research by : John I. Gallin
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Clinical Research written by John I. Gallin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-05-31 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This expanded third edition provides an introduction to the conduct of clinical research as well as more comprehensive and expansive content about the infrastructure necessary for a successful clinical research organization or enterprise. With authors who are experts in clinical research in both the public and private sectors, this publication provides essential information to clinical investigators who wish to develop and conduct well designed patient-based research protocols that comply with rigorous study design, ethical, and regulatory requirements.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Robust Estimation and Hypothesis Testing by : Rand R. Wilcox
Download or read book Introduction to Robust Estimation and Hypothesis Testing written by Rand R. Wilcox and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-09-02 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Robust Estimating and Hypothesis Testing, 4th Editon, is a ‘how-to’ on the application of robust methods using available software. Modern robust methods provide improved techniques for dealing with outliers, skewed distribution curvature and heteroscedasticity that can provide substantial gains in power as well as a deeper, more accurate and more nuanced understanding of data. Since the last edition, there have been numerous advances and improvements. They include new techniques for comparing groups and measuring effect size as well as new methods for comparing quantiles. Many new regression methods have been added that include both parametric and nonparametric techniques. The methods related to ANCOVA have been expanded considerably. New perspectives related to discrete distributions with a relatively small sample space are described as well as new results relevant to the shift function. The practical importance of these methods is illustrated using data from real world studies. The R package written for this book now contains over 1200 functions. New to this edition 35% revised content Covers many new and improved R functions New techniques that deal with a wide range of situations Extensive revisions to cover the latest developments in robust regression Covers latest improvements in ANOVA Includes newest rank-based methods Describes and illustrated easy to use software
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309486165 Total Pages :257 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Reproducibility and Replicability in Science by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Reproducibility and Replicability in Science written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-10-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.
Book Synopsis What If There Were No Significance Tests? by : Lisa L. Harlow
Download or read book What If There Were No Significance Tests? written by Lisa L. Harlow and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-02 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classic edition of What If There Were No Significance Tests? highlights current statistical inference practices. Four areas are featured as essential for making inferences: sound judgment, meaningful research questions, relevant design, and assessing fit in multiple ways. Other options (data visualization, replication or meta-analysis), other features (mediation, moderation, multiple levels or classes), and other approaches (Bayesian analysis, simulation, data mining, qualitative inquiry) are also suggested. The Classic Edition’s new Introduction demonstrates the ongoing relevance of the topic and the charge to move away from an exclusive focus on NHST, along with new methods to help make significance testing more accessible to a wider body of researchers to improve our ability to make more accurate statistical inferences. Part 1 presents an overview of significance testing issues. The next part discusses the debate in which significance testing should be rejected or retained. The third part outlines various methods that may supplement significance testing procedures. Part 4 discusses Bayesian approaches and methods and the use of confidence intervals versus significance tests. The book concludes with philosophy of science perspectives. Rather than providing definitive prescriptions, the chapters are largely suggestive of general issues, concerns, and application guidelines. The editors allow readers to choose the best way to conduct hypothesis testing in their respective fields. For anyone doing research in the social sciences, this book is bound to become "must" reading. Ideal for use as a supplement for graduate courses in statistics or quantitative analysis taught in psychology, education, business, nursing, medicine, and the social sciences, the book also benefits independent researchers in the behavioral and social sciences and those who teach statistics.
Book Synopsis Quantifying the User Experience by : Jeff Sauro
Download or read book Quantifying the User Experience written by Jeff Sauro and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-03-16 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The primary purpose of this book is to provide a statistical resource for those who measure the behavior and attitudes of people as they interact with interfaces. The focus is on methods applicable to practical user research, based on our experience, investigations, and reviews of the latest statistical literature"--
Book Synopsis Interdisciplinary Research on Climate and Energy Decision Making by : M. Granger Morgan
Download or read book Interdisciplinary Research on Climate and Energy Decision Making written by M. Granger Morgan and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-16 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the role and importance of interdisciplinary research in addressing key issues in climate and energy decision making. For over 30 years, an interdisciplinary team of faculty and students anchored at Carnegie Mellon University, joined by investigators and students from a number of other collaborating institutions across North America, Europe, and Australia, have worked together to better understand the global changes that are being caused by both human activities and natural causes. This book tells the story of their successful interdisciplinary work. With each chapter written in the first person, the authors have three key objectives: (1) to document and provide an accessible account of how they have framed and addressed a range of the key problems that are posed by the human dimensions of global change; (2) to illustrate how investigators and graduate students have worked together productively across different disciplines and locations on common problems; and (3) to encourage funders and scholars across the world to undertake similar large- scale interdisciplinary research activities to meet the world’s largest challenges. Exploring topics such as energy efficiency, public health, and climate adaptation, and with a final chapter dedicated to lessons learned, this innovative volume will be of great interest to students and scholars of climate change, energy transitions and environmental studies more broadly.
Book Synopsis Federally Funded Research: Decisions for a Decade by :
Download or read book Federally Funded Research: Decisions for a Decade written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1991 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
