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Research Decisions And Estimation With Confidence And Power
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Book Synopsis Statistics with Confidence by : Douglas Altman
Download or read book Statistics with Confidence written by Douglas Altman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-06-03 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly popular introduction to confidence intervals has been thoroughly updated and expanded. It includes methods for using confidence intervals, with illustrative worked examples and extensive guidelines and checklists to help the novice.
Book Synopsis Determining Sample Size and Power in Research Studies by : J. P. Verma
Download or read book Determining Sample Size and Power in Research Studies written by J. P. Verma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-20 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses sample size and power in the context of research, offering valuable insights for graduate and doctoral students as well as researchers in any discipline where data is generated to investigate research questions. It explains how to enhance the authenticity of research by estimating the sample size and reporting the power of the tests used. Further, it discusses the issue of sample size determination in survey studies as well as in hypothesis testing experiments so that readers can grasp the concept of statistical errors, minimum detectable difference, effect size, one-tail and two-tail tests and the power of the test. The book also highlights the importance of fixing these boundary conditions in enhancing the authenticity of research findings and improving the chances of research papers being accepted by respected journals. Further, it explores the significance of sample size by showing the power achieved in selected doctoral studies. Procedure has been discussed to fix power in the hypothesis testing experiment. One should usually have power at least 0.8 in the study because having power less than this will have the issue of practical significance of findings. If the power in any study is less than 0.5 then it would be better to test the hypothesis by tossing a coin instead of organizing the experiment. It also discusses determining sample size and power using the freeware G*Power software, based on twenty-one examples using different analyses, like t-test, parametric and non-parametric correlations, multivariate regression, logistic regression, independent and repeated measures ANOVA, mixed design, MANOVA and chi-square.
Book Synopsis Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions by : Julian P. T. Higgins
Download or read book Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions written by Julian P. T. Higgins and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2008-11-24 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthcare providers, consumers, researchers and policy makers are inundated with unmanageable amounts of information, including evidence from healthcare research. It has become impossible for all to have the time and resources to find, appraise and interpret this evidence and incorporate it into healthcare decisions. Cochrane Reviews respond to this challenge by identifying, appraising and synthesizing research-based evidence and presenting it in a standardized format, published in The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions contains methodological guidance for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane intervention reviews. Written in a clear and accessible format, it is the essential manual for all those preparing, maintaining and reading Cochrane reviews. Many of the principles and methods described here are appropriate for systematic reviews applied to other types of research and to systematic reviews of interventions undertaken by others. It is hoped therefore that this book will be invaluable to all those who want to understand the role of systematic reviews, critically appraise published reviews or perform reviews themselves.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Research Design by : Neil J. Salkind
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Research Design written by Neil J. Salkind and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page 1779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Comprising more than 500 entries, the Encyclopedia of Research Design explains how to make decisions about research design, undertake research projects in an ethical manner, interpret and draw valid inferences from data, and evaluate experiment design strategies and results. Two additional features carry this encyclopedia far above other works in the field: bibliographic entries devoted to significant articles in the history of research design and reviews of contemporary tools, such as software and statistical procedures, used to analyze results. It covers the spectrum of research design strategies, from material presented in introductory classes to topics necessary in graduate research; it addresses cross- and multidisciplinary research needs, with many examples drawn from the social and behavioral sciences, neurosciences, and biomedical and life sciences; it provides summaries of advantages and disadvantages of often-used strategies; and it uses hundreds of sample tables, figures, and equations based on real-life cases."--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Confidence Intervals by : Michael Smithson
Download or read book Confidence Intervals written by Michael Smithson and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2003 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smithson first introduces the basis of the confidence interval framework and then provides the criteria for "best" confidence intervals, along with the trade-offs between confidence and precision. Next, using a reader-friendly style with lots of worked out examples from various disciplines, he covers such pertinent topics as: the transformation principle whereby a confidence interval for a parameter may be used to construct an interval for any monotonic transformation of that parameter; confidence intervals on distributions whose shape changes with the value of the parameter being estimated; and, the relationship between confidence interval and significance testing frameworks, particularly regarding power.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309486165 Total Pages :257 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Reproducibility and Replicability in Science by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Reproducibility and Replicability in Science written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-10-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.
Book Synopsis Principles and Practice of Clinical Research by : John I. Gallin
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Clinical Research written by John I. Gallin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-05-31 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This expanded third edition provides an introduction to the conduct of clinical research as well as more comprehensive and expansive content about the infrastructure necessary for a successful clinical research organization or enterprise. With authors who are experts in clinical research in both the public and private sectors, this publication provides essential information to clinical investigators who wish to develop and conduct well designed patient-based research protocols that comply with rigorous study design, ethical, and regulatory requirements.
Book Synopsis What If There Were No Significance Tests? by : Lisa L. Harlow
Download or read book What If There Were No Significance Tests? written by Lisa L. Harlow and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-02 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classic edition of What If There Were No Significance Tests? highlights current statistical inference practices. Four areas are featured as essential for making inferences: sound judgment, meaningful research questions, relevant design, and assessing fit in multiple ways. Other options (data visualization, replication or meta-analysis), other features (mediation, moderation, multiple levels or classes), and other approaches (Bayesian analysis, simulation, data mining, qualitative inquiry) are also suggested. The Classic Edition’s new Introduction demonstrates the ongoing relevance of the topic and the charge to move away from an exclusive focus on NHST, along with new methods to help make significance testing more accessible to a wider body of researchers to improve our ability to make more accurate statistical inferences. Part 1 presents an overview of significance testing issues. The next part discusses the debate in which significance testing should be rejected or retained. The third part outlines various methods that may supplement significance testing procedures. Part 4 discusses Bayesian approaches and methods and the use of confidence intervals versus significance tests. The book concludes with philosophy of science perspectives. Rather than providing definitive prescriptions, the chapters are largely suggestive of general issues, concerns, and application guidelines. The editors allow readers to choose the best way to conduct hypothesis testing in their respective fields. For anyone doing research in the social sciences, this book is bound to become "must" reading. Ideal for use as a supplement for graduate courses in statistics or quantitative analysis taught in psychology, education, business, nursing, medicine, and the social sciences, the book also benefits independent researchers in the behavioral and social sciences and those who teach statistics.
Book Synopsis Federally Funded Research: Decisions for a Decade by :
Download or read book Federally Funded Research: Decisions for a Decade written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1991 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Introduction to the New Statistics by : Geoff Cumming
Download or read book Introduction to the New Statistics written by Geoff Cumming and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first introductory statistics text to use an estimation approach from the start to help readers understand effect sizes, confidence intervals (CIs), and meta-analysis (‘the new statistics’). It is also the first text to explain the new and exciting Open Science practices, which encourage replication and enhance the trustworthiness of research. In addition, the book explains NHST fully so students can understand published research. Numerous real research examples are used throughout. The book uses today’s most effective learning strategies and promotes critical thinking, comprehension, and retention, to deepen users’ understanding of statistics and modern research methods. The free ESCI (Exploratory Software for Confidence Intervals) software makes concepts visually vivid, and provides calculation and graphing facilities. The book can be used with or without ESCI. Other highlights include: - Coverage of both estimation and NHST approaches, and how to easily translate between the two. - Some exercises use ESCI to analyze data and create graphs including CIs, for best understanding of estimation methods. -Videos of the authors describing key concepts and demonstrating use of ESCI provide an engaging learning tool for traditional or flipped classrooms. -In-chapter exercises and quizzes with related commentary allow students to learn by doing, and to monitor their progress. -End-of-chapter exercises and commentary, many using real data, give practice for using the new statistics to analyze data, as well as for applying research judgment in realistic contexts. -Don’t fool yourself tips help students avoid common errors. -Red Flags highlight the meaning of "significance" and what p values actually mean. -Chapter outlines, defined key terms, sidebars of key points, and summarized take-home messages provide a study tool at exam time. -http://www.routledge.com/cw/cumming offers for students: ESCI downloads; data sets; key term flashcards; tips for using SPSS for analyzing data; and videos. For instructors it offers: tips for teaching the new statistics and Open Science; additional homework exercises; assessment items; answer keys for homework and assessment items; and downloadable text images; and PowerPoint lecture slides. Intended for introduction to statistics, data analysis, or quantitative methods courses in psychology, education, and other social and health sciences, researchers interested in understanding the new statistics will also appreciate this book. No familiarity with introductory statistics is assumed.
Book Synopsis U.S. Government Research & Development Reports by :
Download or read book U.S. Government Research & Development Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Interdisciplinary Research on Climate and Energy Decision Making by : M. Granger Morgan
Download or read book Interdisciplinary Research on Climate and Energy Decision Making written by M. Granger Morgan and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-16 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the role and importance of interdisciplinary research in addressing key issues in climate and energy decision making. For over 30 years, an interdisciplinary team of faculty and students anchored at Carnegie Mellon University, joined by investigators and students from a number of other collaborating institutions across North America, Europe, and Australia, have worked together to better understand the global changes that are being caused by both human activities and natural causes. This book tells the story of their successful interdisciplinary work. With each chapter written in the first person, the authors have three key objectives: (1) to document and provide an accessible account of how they have framed and addressed a range of the key problems that are posed by the human dimensions of global change; (2) to illustrate how investigators and graduate students have worked together productively across different disciplines and locations on common problems; and (3) to encourage funders and scholars across the world to undertake similar large- scale interdisciplinary research activities to meet the world’s largest challenges. Exploring topics such as energy efficiency, public health, and climate adaptation, and with a final chapter dedicated to lessons learned, this innovative volume will be of great interest to students and scholars of climate change, energy transitions and environmental studies more broadly.
Book Synopsis Quantifying the User Experience by : Jeff Sauro
Download or read book Quantifying the User Experience written by Jeff Sauro and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-03-16 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The primary purpose of this book is to provide a statistical resource for those who measure the behavior and attitudes of people as they interact with interfaces. The focus is on methods applicable to practical user research, based on our experience, investigations, and reviews of the latest statistical literature"--
Book Synopsis Sample Size Calculations for Clustered and Longitudinal Outcomes in Clinical Research by : Chul Ahn
Download or read book Sample Size Calculations for Clustered and Longitudinal Outcomes in Clinical Research written by Chul Ahn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-09 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how to determine sample size for studies with correlated outcomes, which are widely implemented in medical, epidemiological, and behavioral studies. For clustered studies, the authors provide sample size formulas that account for variable cluster sizes and within-cluster correlation. For longitudinal studies, they present sample size formulas that account for within-subject correlation among repeated measurements and various missing data patterns. For multiple levels of clustering, the authors describe how randomization impacts trial administration, analysis, and sample size requirement.
Book Synopsis Applying Decision Research to Improve Clinical Outcomes, Psychological Assessment, and Clinical Prediction by : David Faust
Download or read book Applying Decision Research to Improve Clinical Outcomes, Psychological Assessment, and Clinical Prediction written by David Faust and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-03-26 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mental health professionals often must make judgments or decisions involving vital matters. Is an individual likely to act violently? Has a child been sexually abused? Is a police officer fit to carry a gun? An explosion of research in clinical and cognitive psychology provides practical means for enhancing the accuracy of clinical decision making and prediction and thereby improving outcomes and the quality of care. Unfortunately, this research has not been broadly disseminated in the mental health field. The book is designed to familiarize readers with essential findings from decision science and its practical, immediate applications in the mental health field.
Book Synopsis Brain States and Neural Mechanisms of Consciousness by : Olivia Gosseries
Download or read book Brain States and Neural Mechanisms of Consciousness written by Olivia Gosseries and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-09-30 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Scientific Research Methods in Geography and Environmental Studies by : Daniel Montello
Download or read book An Introduction to Scientific Research Methods in Geography and Environmental Studies written by Daniel Montello and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Covers a broad range of subjects that undergraduates in the discipline should be familiar and comfortable with upon graduation. From chapters on the scientific method and fundamental research concepts, to experimental design, sampling and statistical analysis, the text offers an excellent introduction to the key concepts of geographical research. The content is applicable for students at the beginning of their studies right through to planning and conducting dissertations. The book has also been of particular support in designing my level 1 and 2 tutorials which cover similar ground to several of the chapters." - Joseph Mallalieu, School of Geography, Leeds University "Montello and Sutton is one of the best texts I′ve used in seminars on research methodology. The text offers a clear balance of quantitative vs. qualitative and physical vs. human which I′ve found particularly valuable. The chapters on research ethics, scientific communication, information technologies and data visualization are excellent." - Kenneth E. Foote, Department of Geography, University of Colorado at Boulder This is a broad and integrative introduction to the conduct and interpretation of scientific research, covering both geography and environmental studies. Written for undergraduate and postgraduate students, it: Explains both the conceptual and the technical aspects of research, as well as all phases of the research process Combines approaches in physical geography and environmental science, human geography and human-environment relations, and geographic and environmental information techniques (such as GIS, cartography, and remote sensing) Combines natural and social scientific approaches common to subjects in geography and environmental studies Includes case studies of actual research projects to demonstrate the breadth of approaches taken It will be core reading for students studying scientific research methods in geography, environmental studies and related disciplines such as planning and earth science.
