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Research And Development In The United States
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Book Synopsis Allocating Federal Funds for Science and Technology by : National Research Council
Download or read book Allocating Federal Funds for Science and Technology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-11-22 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States faces a new challengeâ€"maintaining the vitality of its system for supporting science and technology despite fiscal stringency during the next several years. To address this change, the Senate Appropriations Committee requested a report from the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine to address "the criteria that should be used in judging the appropriate allocation of funds to research and development activities; to examine the appropriate balance among different types of institutions that conduct such research; and to look at the means of assuring continued objectivity in the allocation process." In this eagerly-awaited book, a committee of experts selected by the National Academies and the Institute responds with 13 recommendations that propose a new budgeting process and formulates a series of questions to address during that process. The committee also makes corollary recommendations about merit review, government oversight, linking research and development to government missions, the synergy between research and education, and other topics. The recommendations are aimed at rooting out obsolete and inadequate activities to free resources from good programs for even better ones, in the belief that "science and technology will be at least as important in the future as they have been in the past in dealing with problems that confront the nation." The authoring committee of this book was chaired by Frank Press, former President of the National Academy of Sciences (1981-1993) and Presidential Science and Technology Advisor (1977-1981).
Book Synopsis Research and Development Data Needs by : National Research Council
Download or read book Research and Development Data Needs written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-03-30 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report contains the proceedings of a one-day workshop organized by the National Research Council's Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP), in conjunction with a study by a panel of the NRC Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT). This combined activity was commissioned by the Science Resources Statistics Division (SRS) of the National Science Foundation (NSF) to recommend improvements in the Foundation's portfolio of surveys of research and development spending by the federal government, state governments, private industry, the nation's universities and colleges, and other nonprofit institutions.
Book Synopsis Measuring the Science and Engineering Enterprise by : National Research Council
Download or read book Measuring the Science and Engineering Enterprise written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-03-14 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The science and engineering enterprise has continued to evolve, responding over the last decade to increased economic globalization, a post-cold war military, federal budget fluctuations, and structural changes in the way science and engineering are conducted and innovations are adopted. This report suggests ways to revise the data collection activities of the Science Resources Studies Division (SRS) of the National Science Foundation to better capture the current realities of R&D funding and S&E human resources. The report's recommendations would improve the relevance of the data on graduate education, the labor market for scientists and engineers, and the funding and conduct of research and development, and thus better meet the data needs of policymakers, managers, and researchers.
Book Synopsis Practical Guide to Research and Development Tax Incentives by : Michael D. Rashkin
Download or read book Practical Guide to Research and Development Tax Incentives written by Michael D. Rashkin and published by CCH. This book was released on 2007 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CCH's Practical Guide to Research and Development Tax Incentives--Federal, State, and Foreign by Michael Rashkin, J.D., LL.M., provides something that has been missing in professional tax literature--authoritative, comprehensive coverage of this complex and evolving topic. This newly expanded resource is practical, easy to follow, easy to understand, and is particularly effective at clarifying and demystifying this complex subject. It provides well-written, detailed guidance on claiming the federal credit for increasing research activities and the deduction for R & D expenditures. In doing so, it explains the elements of qualified research, exclusions, computational rules, and basic research payment credits. Historically, the IRS has been vigilant in denying R & D credits. This resource explains how to satisfy the IRS's requirements, document the credit, and defend against IRS challenges. It also examines research incentives offered by individual states and describes the R & D incentives available in the major economies of the world, offering helpful charts that show the key differences among the various countries.
Book Synopsis Rising Above the Gathering Storm by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Rising Above the Gathering Storm written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-03-08 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a world where advanced knowledge is widespread and low-cost labor is readily available, U.S. advantages in the marketplace and in science and technology have begun to erode. A comprehensive and coordinated federal effort is urgently needed to bolster U.S. competitiveness and pre-eminence in these areas. This congressionally requested report by a pre-eminent committee makes four recommendations along with 20 implementation actions that federal policy-makers should take to create high-quality jobs and focus new science and technology efforts on meeting the nation's needs, especially in the area of clean, affordable energy: 1) Increase America's talent pool by vastly improving K-12 mathematics and science education; 2) Sustain and strengthen the nation's commitment to long-term basic research; 3) Develop, recruit, and retain top students, scientists, and engineers from both the U.S. and abroad; and 4) Ensure that the United States is the premier place in the world for innovation. Some actions will involve changing existing laws, while others will require financial support that would come from reallocating existing budgets or increasing them. Rising Above the Gathering Storm will be of great interest to federal and state government agencies, educators and schools, public decision makers, research sponsors, regulatory analysts, and scholars.
Book Synopsis Innovation and National Security by : Adam Segal
Download or read book Innovation and National Security written by Adam Segal and published by Council on Foreign Relations Press. This book was released on 2019-09-18 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past three-quarters of a century, the United States has led the world in technological innovation and development. The nation now risks falling behind its competitors, principally China. The United States needs to advance a national innovation strategy to ensure it remains the predominant power in a range of emerging technologies. Innovation and National Security: Keeping Our Edge outlines a strategy based on four pillars: restoring federal funding for research and development, attracting and educating a science and technology workforce, supporting technology adoption in the defense sector, and bolstering and scaling technology alliances and ecosystems. Failure could lead to a future in which rivals strengthen their militaries and threaten U.S. security interests, and new innovation centers replace the United States as the source of original ideas and inspiration for the world.
Book Synopsis Emerging and Readily Available Technologies and National Security by : National Academy of Engineering
Download or read book Emerging and Readily Available Technologies and National Security written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-05-29 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The summary version of Emerging and Readily Available Technologies and National Security distills the findings and recommendations of the complete report into a a booklet format. The full report is available here.
Book Synopsis Management of Research and Development Organizations by : Ravinder Kumar Jain
Download or read book Management of Research and Development Organizations written by Ravinder Kumar Jain and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition has been completely revised. The authors, noted authorities in the field, focus on ways to improve R&D organization productivity and foster excellence in such companies. They describe how to design jobs, organize hierarchies, resolve conflicts, motivate employees, and create an innovative work environment. Features extensive cross-cultural coverage of European and Pacific Rim R&D organizations and policies which greatly differ from the US. Includes an entirely new section on various strategic planning elements unique to an R&D organization along with a case study.
Book Synopsis Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry (A CBO Study) by : Congressional Budget Office
Download or read book Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry (A CBO Study) written by Congressional Budget Office and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2013-06-09 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceptions that the pace of new-drug development has slowed and that the pharmaceutical industry is highly profitable have sparked concerns that significant problems loom for future drug development. This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) study-prepared at the request of the Senate Majority Leader-reviews basic facts about the drug industry's recent spending on research and development (R&D) and its output of new drugs. The study also examines issues relating to the costs of R&D, the federal government's role in pharmaceutical research, the performance of the pharmaceutical industry in developing innovative drugs, and the role of expected profits in private firms' decisions about investing in drug R&D. In keeping with CBO's mandate to provide objective, impartial analysis, the study makes no recommendations. David H. Austin prepared this report under the supervision of Joseph Kile and David Moore. Colin Baker provided valuable consultation...
Book Synopsis Cooperative Research and Development: The Industry—University—Government Relationship by : Albert N. Link
Download or read book Cooperative Research and Development: The Industry—University—Government Relationship written by Albert N. Link and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We must all hang together or surely we will all hang separately. Benjamin Franklin The significant apathy that characterized relationships between indus try and universities and the adversarial nature of relationships between industry and government have both faded rapidly in the 1980s as the realities of global competition have surfaced in the United States. Both industry and government leaders articulate a number of constructs for regaining our competitiveness in world markets. One of the more fre quent strategies prescribed in this new competitiveness era is cooperation. Different individuals or groups may espouse different definitions, inter pretations, or areas of emphasis, but the overall importance of this concept is substantial. Although examples of cooperative research have existed for several decades, the number and variety of relationships have expanded rapidly in the 1980s as corporations, universities, and governments have embraced this strategy. Joint ventures involving two or three firms increased from under 200 per year in the 1970s to over 400 per year by the mid-1980s. Multiple-firm cooperative arrangements are a more recent phenomenon, made possible by the National Cooperative Research Act of 1984. By mid- 1988,81 of these industry-level consortia had formed under the provisions of the 1984 Act. The rapid growth in cooperative research and development (R&D) is primarily a response to the pressures of international competition. As a corporate strategy, cooperative R&D meets short-term needs for assets to implement new approaches for coping with intensifying competition.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics. Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :664 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Obligations for Research and Development, and R&D Plant, and R&D Plant, by Geographic Divisions and States, by Selected Federal Agencies, Fiscal Years 1961- by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics. Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Development
Download or read book Obligations for Research and Development, and R&D Plant, and R&D Plant, by Geographic Divisions and States, by Selected Federal Agencies, Fiscal Years 1961- written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics. Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Development and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Committee on Utilization of Technologies Developed at Russian Research and Educational Institutions Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309592348 Total Pages :149 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis Technology Commercialization by : Committee on Utilization of Technologies Developed at Russian Research and Educational Institutions
Download or read book Technology Commercialization written by Committee on Utilization of Technologies Developed at Russian Research and Educational Institutions and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-12-23 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of papersby American and Russian specialistsaddresses a variety of legal, regulatory, institutional, and financial issues that can promote or hinder technology commercialization. The book is the result of a series of workshops organized by the National Research Council with the Russian Academy of Sciences on commercialization of technologies, particularly those developed at research and educational institutions. Technology Commercialization concludes with a list of actions, programs, and policies which warrant further consideration as Russia tries to improve the success of technology commercialization. This book will be of interest to those concerned with small-business development in post-communist states, university technology management, and comparative technology commercialization.
Book Synopsis Obligations for Research and Development, and R & D Plant, by Geographic Divisions and States by Selected Federal Agencies, Fiscal Years by Selected Federal Agencies, Fiscal Years, 1961-1964 by : National Science Foundation (U.S.)
Download or read book Obligations for Research and Development, and R & D Plant, by Geographic Divisions and States by Selected Federal Agencies, Fiscal Years by Selected Federal Agencies, Fiscal Years, 1961-1964 written by National Science Foundation (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics. Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :124 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Toward a Science Policy for the United States by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics. Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Development
Download or read book Toward a Science Policy for the United States written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics. Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Development and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Project Management for Research and Development by : Lory Mitchell Wingate
Download or read book Project Management for Research and Development written by Lory Mitchell Wingate and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-05 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s leading organizations recognize the importance of research and development (R&D) to maintain and grow market share. If companies want to survive into the future, they must accelerate their R&D-to-market cycles or find themselves behind the competition. Project Management for Research and Development: Guiding Innovation for Positive R&D Outcomes explains how to apply proven project management methods to obtain positive outcomes in R&D and innovation projects. It addresses the specific factors companies must consider when using project management to scope, define, and manage R&D projects. It also offers best practices and case studies that illustrate actual applications of theory. This book details methods to help readers optimize results in R&D through the use of structured processes derived from the project management field and other complementary disciplines. Each chapter includes diagrams, surveys, checklists, and question-answer forms to guide readers in determining where their activity falls along a project spectrum and to help them structure their own R&D project. The methods presented in this book can easily be applied to innovation projects and creative endeavors. As there are limited sources of information on how to utilize project management methodology effectively in these types of projects, this book is an ideal resource for anyone looking to add structure and proven methods to enable R&D, innovation, and other creative activities.
Book Synopsis Contract Research and Development Organizations by : Shayne C. Gad
Download or read book Contract Research and Development Organizations written by Shayne C. Gad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-04 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last 10 years have seen a seismic shift in therapeutic product development and testing. In both the pharmaceutical (both small and large molecule) and medical device sectors, the vast majority of testing and evaluation of products is not performed within innovator companies, but rather has been outsourced to a growing universe of commercial organizations. The authors both have more than 30 years experience in this field, and both have worked within innovator companies, for CROs, and as consultants in the field. Contract Research and Development Organizations: Their Role in Global Product Development has been crafted by these authors to provide a how to guide for all aspects of working with CROs in selecting, working with and ensuring the best possible desirable outcome of having the R&D function, or substantial parts of it, outsourced. It uses as the exemplary case nonclinical safety assessment, biocompatibility and efficacy testing which are to be performed to select the best possible candidate compound, device or formulation and then moving the resulting regulated therapeutic medical product into and through the development process and to marketing approval. But also covered are the contract synthesis of drug substances and corresponding manufacture of biologics and manufacture of products, formulation development, clinical evaluation, regulatory and document preparation support, and use of consultants. Included in the volume are an exhaustive listing of those CROs in the (drug and device) safety evaluation sector and their contact information and capabilities, and extensive similar listing for the other types of contract service providers. Also included are guidances on how to monitor ongoing work at contract facilities and audit check lists for GLP, GMP and GCP facilities. These listings are international in scope, and a specific chapter addresses working with some of the newer international CROs.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Government Research Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :248 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Federal Research and Development Programs by : United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Government Research
Download or read book Federal Research and Development Programs written by United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Government Research and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
