Representations Of Hiv And Aids

Download Representations Of Hiv And Aids full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Representations Of Hiv And Aids ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Literary and Visual Representations of HIV/AIDS

Author : Aimee Pozorski
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1498584470
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Literary and Visual Representations of HIV/AIDS by : Aimee Pozorski

Download or read book Literary and Visual Representations of HIV/AIDS written by Aimee Pozorski and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Literary and Visual Representations of HIV/AIDS: Forty Years Later depicts how film and literature about the HIV/AIDS crisis expand upon the issues generated by the epidemic. This collection fills an important gap in the scholarship on HIV/AIDS, by bringing together essays by both established and junior scholars on visual and literary representations of HIV/AIDS. Almost forty years after the first reported cases of what would later be defined as AIDS, this book looks back across the decades at works of literature and film to discuss how the representation of HIV/AIDS has shifted in media. This book argues that literature constitutes a very powerful response to AIDS that ripples into film and politics, driving the changes in past and contemporary representations of HIV/AIDS. The book also expands discussion of the issues generated and amplified by the epidemic to consider how HIV/AIDS has been portrayed in the United States, Western and Southern Africa, Western Europe, and East Asia.

Representations of HIV and AIDS

Author : Gabriele Griffin
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780719047114
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (471 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Representations of HIV and AIDS by : Gabriele Griffin

Download or read book Representations of HIV and AIDS written by Gabriele Griffin and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What happened to the plague of HIV/AIDS that once seemed so threatening? Gabriele Griffin argues that the explosion of HIV/AIDS into highly visible cultural forms, from movies, theatre, activist interventions, and art from the late-1980s to the mid-1990s has been replaced by a retreat to artisitic invisibility. Griffin suggests that changes in the understanding of HIV/AIDS, the shift from “dying of the disease” to “living with it” in Western cultures, and a failure to grasp the full extent of the growth and impact of HIV/AIDS in a number of African and Asian countries has led to the “death” of the disease in the Western media.

Gendered Epidemic

Author : Nancy L. Roth
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136673253
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (366 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Gendered Epidemic by : Nancy L. Roth

Download or read book Gendered Epidemic written by Nancy L. Roth and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since nearly the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, activists have signaled the inadequacy of prevention strategies and drug protocols that have been developed from research done primarily on men. The latest C.D.C. figures prove they were right; for the first time since the beginning of the epidemic, AIDS cases among white men have fallen, yet the largest increases are among women. Weaving together theoretical, critical, and practical perspectives, Gendered Epidemic is a collection of essays that questions the add women and stir model that governs most HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment efforts. The individual essays describe conflicts and contradictions, and pose new theories and practices. Written by HIV positive women, theorists, teachers, artists, policy makers and activists, it offers insights necessary to stem the spread of HIV.

A Visual History of HIV/AIDS

Author : Elisabet Björklund
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1351383035
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A Visual History of HIV/AIDS by : Elisabet Björklund

Download or read book A Visual History of HIV/AIDS written by Elisabet Björklund and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Face of AIDS film archive at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, consists of more than 700 hours of unedited and edited footage, shot over a period of more than thirty years and all over the world by filmmaker and journalist Staffan Hildebrand. The material documents the HIV/AIDS pandemic and includes scenes from conferences and rallies, and interviews with activists, physicians, people with the infection, and researchers. It represents a global historical development from the early years of the AIDS crisis to a situation in which it is possible to live a normal life with the HIV virus. This volume brings together a range of academic perspectives – from media and film studies, medical history, gender studies, history, and cultural studies – to bear on the archive, shedding light on memories, discourses, trauma, and activism. Using a medical humanities framework, the editors explore the influence of historical representations of HIV/AIDS and stigma in a world where antiretroviral treatment has fundamentally altered the conditions under which many people diagnosed with HIV live. Organized into four sections, this book begins by introducing the archive and its role, setting it in a global context. The first part looks at methodological, legal and ethical issues around archiving memories of the present which are then used to construct histories of the past; something that can be particularly controversial when dealing with a socially stigmatized epidemic such as HIV/AIDS. The second section is devoted to analyses of particular films from the archive, looking at the portrayal of people living with HIV/AIDS, the narrative of HIV as a chronic illness and the contemporary context of particular films. The third section looks at how stigma and trauma are negotiated in the material in the Face of AIDS film archive, discussing ideas about suffering and culpability. The final section contributes perspectives on and by the filmmaker as activist and auteur. This interdisciplinary collection is placed at the intersection of medical humanities, sexuality studies and film and media studies, continuing a tradition of studies on the cultural and social understandings of HIV/AIDS.

Confronting AIDS Through Literature

Author : Judith Laurence Pastore
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 9780252062940
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (629 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Confronting AIDS Through Literature by : Judith Laurence Pastore

Download or read book Confronting AIDS Through Literature written by Judith Laurence Pastore and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers readers an array of literature and of viewpoints on the use of literature to confront AIDS as a social, literary, and medical phenomenon.

The Social Psychology of HIV Infection

Author : John B. Pryor
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317526422
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Social Psychology of HIV Infection by : John B. Pryor

Download or read book The Social Psychology of HIV Infection written by John B. Pryor and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-06-19 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1980s we witnessed the birth of one of the most complex and perplexing social problems faced by modern society: the epidemic of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Originally published in 1993 this title looks at the social psychology surrounding HIV and AIDS. The organization of the volume centres upon two themes: The Theoretical Roots of Prevention and The Dilemma of the PWA (person with AIDS). The goal of this volume is not to evaluate previous attempts to answer these social problems, but to provide theoretical analyses of some of the basic sociopsychological processes that underlie the problems. Over 20 years on this is a snapshot of research into HIV and AIDS and attitudes of the time looking at social problems that are very much still with us.

HIV in World Cultures

Author : Gustavo Subero
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317121546
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis HIV in World Cultures by : Gustavo Subero

Download or read book HIV in World Cultures written by Gustavo Subero and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the way that HIV/AIDS is often narrativised and represented in contemporary world cultures, as well as the different strategies of remembrance deployed by different (sub)cultural groups affected by the illness. Through a close study of a variety of cultural texts; including cinema, literature, theatre, art and photography amongst others, it demonstrates the trajectory that such narratives and representations have undergone since the advent of the ’discovery’ of the disease in the 1980s. Acknowledging the central - yet often overlooked - role that cultural products have played in the construction of public opinion towards the condition itself and those who suffer it, this ground-breaking volume focuses on a variety of narratives, as well as strategies of coping with HIV/AIDS that have emerged across the globe. Bringing together research on the UK, North and South America, Africa and China, it provides rich textual analyses of the ways in which the HIV positive body has been portrayed in contemporary culture, with attention to the differences between specific national contexts, whilst keeping in view a space of commonality amongst the different experiences reflected in such texts. As such, it will be of interest to social scientists and scholars of cultural and media studies, concerned with cultural production and representations of the body and sickness.

The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309046289
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Europe's "Black Death" contributed to the rise of nation states, mercantile economies, and even the Reformation. Will the AIDS epidemic have similar dramatic effects on the social and political landscape of the twenty-first century? This readable volume looks at the impact of AIDS since its emergence and suggests its effects in the next decade, when a million or more Americans will likely die of the disease. The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States addresses some of the most sensitive and controversial issues in the public debate over AIDS. This landmark book explores how AIDS has affected fundamental policies and practices in our major institutions, examining: How America's major religious organizations have dealt with sometimes conflicting values: the imperative of care for the sick versus traditional views of homosexuality and drug use. Hotly debated public health measures, such as HIV antibody testing and screening, tracing of sexual contacts, and quarantine. The potential risk of HIV infection to and from health care workers. How AIDS activists have brought about major change in the way new drugs are brought to the marketplace. The impact of AIDS on community-based organizations, from volunteers caring for individuals to the highly political ACT-UP organization. Coping with HIV infection in prisons. Two case studies shed light on HIV and the family relationship. One reports on some efforts to gain legal recognition for nonmarital relationships, and the other examines foster care programs for newborns with the HIV virus. A case study of New York City details how selected institutions interact to give what may be a picture of AIDS in the future. This clear and comprehensive presentation will be of interest to anyone concerned about AIDS and its impact on the country: health professionals, sociologists, psychologists, advocates for at-risk populations, and interested individuals.

Breaking the Silence

Author : Ellen Grünkemeier
Publisher : Boydell & Brewer Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1847010709
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Breaking the Silence by : Ellen Grünkemeier

Download or read book Breaking the Silence written by Ellen Grünkemeier and published by Boydell & Brewer Ltd. This book was released on 2013 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the South African HIV/AIDS epidemic through creative texts and the impact of these representations in determining which issues receive attention and how public understanding of the virus is shaped. South Africa is one of the countries in the world most affected by HIV/AIDS, and yet, until recently, the epidemic was barely visible in South African literature. Much can be gained from approaching the South African epidemic through creative texts such as novels, photographs, films, cartoons and murals because they produce and circulate meanings of HIV/AIDS and its various facets such as its 'origin', 'transmission routes' and 'physical manifestations'. Other aspects explored are the denial of HIV/AIDS, its stigmatisation, discriminatory practices, modes of disclosure, access to anti-retroviral medication, as well as the role of alternative treatment. Creative texts, which are open to different and possibly contradictory readings, can serve as a starting point to increase the cultural visibility of the virus and to challenge dominant ideas about the epidemic. The cultural constructions of HIV/AIDS should be carefully examined because the meanings are pervasive and have very 'real' consequences: they play a powerful role both in determining which issues receive attention and in shaping public understanding of the virus. Ellen Grünkemeier is a lecturer and researcher in the English Department at Leibniz University of Hanover, Germany. Her publications include two co-edited volumes on postcolonial literatures and cultures, Listening to Africa. Anglophone African Literatures and Cultures (2012), and Postcolonial Studies across the Disciplines (ASNEL Papers 19, forthcoming).

How to Have Theory in an Epidemic

Author : Paula A. Treichler
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780822323181
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis How to Have Theory in an Epidemic by : Paula A. Treichler

Download or read book How to Have Theory in an Epidemic written by Paula A. Treichler and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays on the AIDS epidemic, by a leading feminist cultural theorist of science

The Circuit of Mass Communication

Author : David Miller
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 0857025945
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Circuit of Mass Communication by : David Miller

Download or read book The Circuit of Mass Communication written by David Miller and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1998-01-29 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book moves beyond the narrow focus of much of the work on media and cultural studies to examine the whole process of interaction between the media and the social world. Rejecting approaches which focus only on ownership or discourse or audience reception, this new book from the Glasgow Media Group, examines: promotional strategies; media production; representation and audience responses; as well as broader impacts on policy, culture and society. Using a detailed analysis of the struggle over representation during the AIDS crisis as point of departure, The Circuit of Mass Communication reveals the power of the media to influence public opinion, and the complex interaction between media coverage, audience response and contemporary power relations. Based on extensive empirical research, this book offers a range of challenging insights on media power, active audiences and moral panics.

The AIDS Movie

Author : Kylo-Patrick R Hart
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317956974
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (179 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The AIDS Movie by : Kylo-Patrick R Hart

Download or read book The AIDS Movie written by Kylo-Patrick R Hart and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are people with HIV/AIDS treated fairly in films? Here is a compelling book that provides you with a thorough examination of how HIV/AIDS is characterized and portrayed in film and how this portrayal affects American culture. The AIDS Movie: Representing a Pandemic in Film and Television uncovers the primary ways that films about HIV/AIDS influence American ideology and contribute to society's view of the disease. In The AIDS Movie, professors and scholars in the areas of popular culture, film, sociology, and gay and lesbian studies will discover cross-cultural approaches that can be used to analyze the representation of AIDS in American films made in the first two decades of the pandemic. Giving you insight into the production and circulation of social meanings pertaining to HIV/AIDS, this study explores the social ramifications of such representations for gay men in American society, as well as for the rest of the population. Interesting and informative, The AIDS Movie: Representing a Pandemic in Film and Television examines the ways that AIDS has been represented in American movies over the past two decades, defines and proposes criteria for identifying an “AIDS movie” and explores how these images shape social opinions about AIDS and gay men. The AIDS Movie discusses several character types such as “innocent victims” and “guilty villains” and the process of victim-blaming that occurs in AIDS movies. Defining an “AIDS movie” as a film with at least one character who either has been infected with HIV, has developed AIDS, or is grieving the recent death of a loved one from AIDS, this guide bases standards for these movies on several works, including: Chocolate Babies It's My Party Jeffrey The Living End Grief An Early Frost Men in Love A Place for Annie Philadelphia The Ryan White Story Gia Boys on the Side The AIDS Movie: Representing a Pandemic in Film and Television is compelling and insightful as it cleverly reveals how AIDS is portrayed in cinema and television, and how that portrayal affects American culture.

Women and AIDS

Author : Ellen Cole
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317712439
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Women and AIDS by : Ellen Cole

Download or read book Women and AIDS written by Ellen Cole and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many women, the advice “Use a condom!” is not enough to help protect them from HIV infection. As Women and AIDS reveals, “negotiating” safer sex practices is a very complex issue for women who are involved in relationships where they do not enjoy physical, social, or economic equality. The book’s authors maintain that the key to curbing the spread of HIV and to caring for those already infected--is communication. Women and AIDS is the first volume to address HIV/AIDS and women from a communication perspective. This helpful guidebook addresses how women might achieve safer sexual and drug injection practices with partners, but it also explores women’s negotiation of the health care system as patients, medical research subjects, and caregivers. It challenges traditional assumptions about the relationship between care providers and patients and the meaning of patient compliance and raises important questions about gender, race, and class that are exacerbated by the epidemic. Designed to ground interventions in the realities of women’s lives, Women and AIDS discusses what women can do to get around communication and health care obstacles. To this end, you will learn about: using the media for HIV-related social action and to promote women’s views of HIV and sexuality prison health care for HIV-positive women cultural constructions of sex and drug sharing in a variety of communities long-term changes that will empower women delivering an HIV-positive diagnosis to patients gender roles and caregiving the language we use to talk about “Third World” women and “Asian AIDS” women AIDS filmmakers/videographers For the benefit of AIDS activists, health care providers, and counselors, Women and AIDS discusses women and their communication and awareness from virtually every angle. This book analyzes situations where communication breaks down--from the woman who can’t openly discuss safe sex with her partner, to the drunk college student who “hooks up,” to the doctor who gives an HIV-positive diagnosis without compassion--and offers communication solutions. This will help women avoid such risks, establish communication and safety in their lives, and construct meaningful roles in relationship to HIV/AIDS.

Mapping AIDS

Author : Lukas Engelmann
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108425771
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Mapping AIDS by : Lukas Engelmann

Download or read book Mapping AIDS written by Lukas Engelmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-08 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers an innovative study of visual traditions in modern medical history through debates about the causes, impact and spread of AIDS.

Positive Images

Author : Dion Kagan
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1838608982
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (386 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Positive Images by : Dion Kagan

Download or read book Positive Images written by Dion Kagan and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-04-05 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A tidal wave of panic surrounded homosexuality and AIDS in the 1980s and early 1990s, the period commonly called 'The AIDS Crisis'. With the advent of antiretroviral drugs in the mid '90s, however, the meaning of an HIV diagnosis radically changed. These game-changing drugs now enable many people living with HIV to lead a healthy, regular life, but how has this dramatic shift impacted the representation of gay men and HIV in popular culture? Positive Images is the first detailed examination of how the relationship between gay men and HIV has transformed in the past two decades. From Queer as Folk to Chemsex, The Line of Beauty to The Normal Heart, Dion Kagan examines literature, film, TV, documentaries and news coverage from across the English-speaking world to unearth the socio-cultural foundations underpinning this 'post-crisis' period. His analyses provide acute insights into the fraught legacies of the AIDS Crisis and its continued presence in the modern queer consciousness.

Representations of HIV/AIDS in Contemporary Hispano-American and Caribbean Culture

Author : Gustavo Subero
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317066006
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Representations of HIV/AIDS in Contemporary Hispano-American and Caribbean Culture by : Gustavo Subero

Download or read book Representations of HIV/AIDS in Contemporary Hispano-American and Caribbean Culture written by Gustavo Subero and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the mechanisms and strategies used in different cultures across Hispano-America and the Caribbean to narrativise, represent and understand HIV/AIDS as a social and human phenomenon, this book examines a wide range of cultural, artistic and media texts, as well as issues of human phenomenology, to understand the ways in which HIV positive individuals make sense of their own lives, and of the ways in which the rest of society sees them. Drawing on a variety of cultural texts from cinema, television, photography and literature, the author considers the manner in which contemporary cultural forms have shaped a body of public opinion in response to the social and cultural impact of HIV/AIDS, re-interpreting the condition in the light of advances in treatment. With attention to both the temporality and spatiality of production, this book examines whether heterosexual and homosexual, and masculine and feminine bodies are narrativised in the same manner, considering the question of whether representations foster discrimination of any kind. The book also asks whether representations across Latin America are homogenous or varied according to national, social or cultural context, and explores the commonalities between the representations of HIV/AIDS in Hispano-America and the Caribbean and other global narratives. A detailed study of the various representations of HIV/AIDS and the construction of public opinion, this book will appeal to scholars of cultural, media and film studies, the sociology of health, the body and illness, and Latin American and Caribbean Studies.

Representation of AIDS in Poetry. The Impact of Stigmatization on an Infected and a Noninfected Persona

Author : Anna Dierks
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668803862
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (688 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Representation of AIDS in Poetry. The Impact of Stigmatization on an Infected and a Noninfected Persona by : Anna Dierks

Download or read book Representation of AIDS in Poetry. The Impact of Stigmatization on an Infected and a Noninfected Persona written by Anna Dierks and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-09-24 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Literature, Works, grade: 2,3, University of Paderborn (Anglistik / Amerikanistik), course: The Body in American Poetry, language: English, abstract: Earvin “Magic” Johnson shocked the world when he announced his HIV infection and immediately retired from the L.A. Lakers in 1991 (Stevenson). Up to this point, HIV/AIDS was popularly believed to be a disease that only occurred among homosexual men which was heavily stigmatized. The former basketball star had to face discrimination from his own team mates when they did not want to play with him anymore and rejected him from their team (Moughty). Even though Johnson took a break from basketball and was hurt by his team mates reactions, he became one of the most important spokesmen for HIV/AIDS education (Moughty). His case helped the public understand that the virus does not only occur among gay communities and should be of everyone’s concern (Moughty). The AIDS epidemic began in the U.S. in the early 80’s when the first few reported cases of gay men were made public. The number of infections increased rapidly and the majority of the people living with AIDS were gay. Because of this, stereotypes and stigma for the sick people developed quickly which had a very negative impact on their quality of life and their health status. Isolation, depression and self-harm were among consequences to the society’s rejection of these gay men as well as other people with HIV/AIDS. Stigma and stigmatization has many levels. It does not only involve discrimination from people who are not affected, but also refers to self-perception of the infected person, metaphors of the illness and intersection with other prejudices. Apart from the strong stigmatization of the illness, the medical condition itself is already a great burden for the infected persons. Although today, symptoms can be medicated effectively so that an unrestricted life is possible, this was not the case in the early years of the epidemic when medical experts could not even determine the way of transmission. This interrelates with the great fear that society developed and the resulting social distance to sufferers. This issue was picked up by filmmakers, art and literature. In this term paper, I investigate upon the question how HIV/AIDS related stigma is represented in poetry in the time from the beginning of the epidemic up to the early 1990’s in the United States. [...]