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Renal Clearable Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated With Organic Dyes
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Book Synopsis Renal Clearable Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated with Organic Dyes by : Shasha Sun
Download or read book Renal Clearable Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated with Organic Dyes written by Shasha Sun and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In chapter 1, we reviewed luminescent gold nanoparticles and organic fluorophores. Progresses of dye conjugated gold nanoparticles as well as their biomedical sensing and imaging applications were reviewed, demonstrating the significance of the work present in this dissertation. In chapter 2, we described 5(6)-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) conjugated luminescent gold nanoparticles that can serve as an ultrasmall nanoindicator to fluorescently report local pH in a ratiometric way. This pH-dependent dimerization is not limited to pH-insensitive dye; it can also enhance the pH sensitivity of a well-known pH-sensitive dye, fluorescein, within a larger pH range, opening up a new pathway to design ultrasmall fluorescent ratiometric nanoindicators with tunable wavelengths and pH response ranges. In chapter 3, we synthesized an organic fluorophore, TAMRA conjugated gold nanoparticles, and did a series of comparison studies of their in vitro and in vivo behaviors with that of GS-AuNPs. Our study showed that the conjugation of TAMRA to GS-AuNPs could affect the cell membrane binding of GS-AuNPs; however, it has no impact on their serum protein binding affinity. The TG-AuNPs has longer normal tissue and tumor retention times than GS-AuNPs. Additionally, the fluorescence signals from TAMRA could not truly reflect the in vivo behaviors of TG-AuNPs. In chapter 4, we used renal clearable glutathione coated gold nanoparticles as a delivery vector to deliver the only FDA approved NIR dye – ICG to the targeting site. When we combined them together, the ICG-AuNPs showed interesting clearance kinetics in which the NPs dissociated in the body. Moreover, compared with clinically used ICG-HSA, ICG-AuNPs showed a tumor imaging time window more than three orders longer as well as a tumor area 40 times brighter, all the while maintaining their renal clearance property and low accumulation in RES organs. In chapter 5, by taking advantage of robust single-particle fluorescence and giant Raman enhancements of unique polycrystalline silver NPs (AgNPs), we quantitatively investigated the effects of two well-known surface chemistries, passive PEGylation and active c-RGD peptide conjugation, on in vitro behaviors of AgNPs at high temporal and spatial resolution as well as chemical level using fluorescence and Raman microscopy.
Book Synopsis Renal Clearable Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles for In-vitro Bioimaging by : Jessica Lynn Jacobe
Download or read book Renal Clearable Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles for In-vitro Bioimaging written by Jessica Lynn Jacobe and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renal clearable fluorescent gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have potential to become tumor imaging and drug delivery agents because of their minimized accumulation in the body. However, they cannot actively target tumor receptors at both in vitro and in vivo levels. Since transferrin, a proliferative protein, has been widely used for targeted delivery of nanoparticles, in this thesis, we investigated targeting of transferrin after being conjugated with renal clearable fluorescent gold nanoparticles at the in vitro cellular level. Our results show that transferrin lost its targeting functionality due to the conjugation renal clearable AuNPs while it still can retain targeting capabilities after being conjugated onto organic dyes. Our further studies use a well-known ligand, biotin, also lost its binding affinity to avidin. Renal clearable AuNPs effect on the functionality of active targeting ligands are highly complicated, which demands extensive efforts in the future studies.
Book Synopsis Interactions of Renal Clearable Gold Nanoparticles with the Kidneys in Vitro and in Vivo by : Jing Xu
Download or read book Interactions of Renal Clearable Gold Nanoparticles with the Kidneys in Vitro and in Vivo written by Jing Xu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of renal clearable inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) offers a great opportunity to address the health concern raised by nonspecific accumulation of conventional inorganic NPs in the macrophage system, mostly in the liver and spleen. In recent decades, we have dedicated a remarkable amount of research in developing renal clearable gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and investigating their biointeractions. Our group discovered that glutathione-coated renal clearable AuNPs (GS-AuNPs) can be efficiently excreted through the urinary system resulting in significantly reduced accumulation in the liver and spleen. By integrating the near-infrared fluorescence, GS-AuNPs can sensitively probe kidney clearance kinetics and indicate renal dysfunction. Future clinical translation requires a fundamental understanding of nano-bio interactions in the kidneys and the biocompatibility of GS-AuNPs. In this dissertation, Chapter 1 covers the status of renal clearable inorganic NPs and the current understanding of their biointeractions in the kidneys. Chapter 2 describes using X-ray imaging to visualize the transport of GS-AuNPs in the kidney components under both normal and pathological conditions. The unique deposition of GS-AuNPs in the diseased kidney offers a great chance to diagnose renal injury noninvasively. Chapter 3 focuses on the blood transport and biocompatibility of GS-AuNPs. The dose effect on the blood transport and renal clearance efficiency of GS-AuNPs is unraveled which results in high biocompatibility. Chapter 4 describes an in vitro study on the surface-ligand-density effect on interactions between GS-AuNPs and human kidney proximal tubular cells. The results demonstrate precise responses of proximal tubular cells to GS-AuNPs with different ligand densities in membrane affinity, cytotoxicity and the mechanism of cell death. Finally, a summary of the obtained understanding and future perspective are presented in Chapter 5.
Book Synopsis Gold Nanoparticles by : Mohammed Muzibur Rahman
Download or read book Gold Nanoparticles written by Mohammed Muzibur Rahman and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-02-13 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gold Nanoparticles - Reaching New Heights contains recent research on the preparation, characterization, fabrication, and potential of optical and biological applications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). It is promising novel research that has received a lot of interest over the last few decades. It covers advanced topics on optical, physical, medicinal, and biological applications of AuNPs. Development of green nanotechnology is generating the interest of researchers towards the synthesis of eco-friendly, safe, non-toxic applications, which can be used for manufacture at a large scale. These are simple, cost-effective, stable, enduring, and reproducible aqueous room temperature synthesis applications to obtain the self-assembly of AuNPs. This potentially unique work offers various approaches to R
Book Synopsis Gold Nanoparticles For Physics, Chemistry And Biology (Second Edition) by : Catherine Louis
Download or read book Gold Nanoparticles For Physics, Chemistry And Biology (Second Edition) written by Catherine Louis and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-06-02 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gold Nanoparticles for Physics, Chemistry and Biology offers an overview of recent research into gold nanoparticles, covering their discovery, usage and contemporary practical applications.This Second Edition begins with a history of over 2000 years of the use of gold nanoparticles, with a review of the specific properties which make gold unique. Updated chapters include gold nanoparticle preparation methods, their plasmon resonance and thermo-optical properties, their catalytic properties and their future technological applications. New chapters have been included, and reveal the growing impact of plasmonics in research, with an introduction to quantum plasmonics, plasmon assisted catalysis and electro-photon conversion. The growing field of nanoparticles for health is also addressed with a study of gold nanoparticles as radiosensibiliser for radiotherapy, and of gold nanoparticle functionalisation. This new edition also considers the relevance of bimetallic nanoparticles for specific applications.World-class scientists provide the most up-to-date findings for an introduction to gold nanoparticles within the related areas of chemistry, biology, material science, optics and physics. It is perfectly suited to advanced level students and researchers looking to enhance their knowledge in the study of gold nanoparticles.
Book Synopsis Near Infrared-Emitting Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications by : Antonio Benayas
Download or read book Near Infrared-Emitting Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications written by Antonio Benayas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-13 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes and evaluates the growing field of light-emitting nanoprobes as contrast agents for in vivo imaging and sensing. It is a comprehensive resource that critically analyzes the state of the art in an interdisciplinary manner, with a special focus on the shift of emission wavelengths into the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region (ranging from 0.7 to 2 microns), which has greatly contributed to the latest advances in biomedical imaging and sensing. This book discusses merits of different contrast agents at nanoscale, and how their unique chemical and structural properties lead to the emission and interaction of light within the NIR window. Both the NIR-emitting materials and various surface modification strategies governing their interactions with the biological system at the “nano” level are discussed. Furthermore, different experimental techniques and protocols for NIR-light-based in vivo imaging and sensing are addressed to shed light on further understanding of the advantages and limitations of each category of these nanoprobes. Assembles the state of the art heretofore appearing in scientific literature into a comprehensive, multi-perspective guidebook on near infrared-emitting nanomaterials in an assortment of biomedical applications; Explains the physical, chemical, and biological phenomena underlying near infrared-emitting nanomaterials for biomedical applications; Presents conceptual and experimental approaches surrounding a unique spectral range of light emission from nanosized contrast agents, while offering a clear explanation of basic and general phenomena regarding the interaction between light and biological tissues, such as absorption, scattering and autofluorescence.
Book Synopsis Bioconjugation Chemistry in Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles by : Rodrigo D. Vinluan (III)
Download or read book Bioconjugation Chemistry in Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles written by Rodrigo D. Vinluan (III) and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the synthesis and biomedical applications of distinct metal nanoparticles (NPs) with excellent material properties have progressed considerably in the past decade, the NPs’ translation into the clinical practice still remains a challenge due to their heavy accumulation in the body. As will be discussed and summarized in Chapter 1, any NPs that are administered into the body will inevitably interact with proteins that are present in the vascular system. These protein-NP interactions are influenced by the NP’s physicochemical properties such as size, shape, surface charge, composition, and surface roughness. In addition, these interactions result in the formation of a protein corona, which serves as the binding site for macrophages, as well as many other agents of the immune system. As a consequence, many NPs suffer from severe accumulation in the organs of the body and extensive studies of the NP-protein interactions are still required. Chapter 2 discusses how orange-emitting glutathione-coated gold nanoparticles (GS-AuNPs) can be used as surface ligand to enhance the physiological stability and reduce the serum protein adsorption of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Multiple GS-AuNPs were incorporated onto the surface of a single SPION to form the hybrid nanoparticles (HBNPs). Compared with pure SPIONs, these HBNPs have ten-fold less amount of proteins adsorbed on their surface, suggesting that the GS-AuNPs can provide a stealth effect against serum proteins. Similarly, ~2 nm GS-AuNPs with near-infrared (NIR) luminescence also have reduced serum protein adsorption, even after the conjugation or attachment of insulin onto their surface. As discussed and investigated in Chapter 3, these NIR-emitting GS-AuNPs can be used as a labeling probe without affecting the biological function of the proteins that are labeled, in which insulin was used as a proof of concept. Chapter 4, which is the last chapter, introduces how the NIR-emitting GS-AuNPs’ surface ligand can affect the NPs’ cellular uptake. The glutathione-coated luminescent gold nanoparticles (GS-AuNPs) were conjugated with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), in which their cellular uptake was compared to those unconjugated GS-AuNPs. Our results show that that the DAPI-conjugated AuNPs were internalized by HeLa cells at a much higher extent than the GS-AuNPs. The mechanism of cellular uptake was also examined for the DAPI-AuNPs and found that these nanomaterials can passively diffuse into the cells and target the cell nucleus based on fluorescence imaging and elemental analysis. Overall, the content of this dissertation will provide guidelines for designing nanomaterials that are intended for imaging and drug delivery.
Book Synopsis Electronic and Optical Properties of Hybrid Gold - Organic Dye Systems by : Michal Malicki
Download or read book Electronic and Optical Properties of Hybrid Gold - Organic Dye Systems written by Michal Malicki and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to gain insights into the electronic interactions between metallic gold and self-assembled monolayers composed of π-conjugated thiols, a series of thiol-containing molecules based on a stilbene backbone were synthesized and assembled on gold surface. The resulted monolayers were characterized with a variety of surface-sensitive techniques and the electronic properties of the obtained surfaces were studied with the use of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Work-function changes and alignment of the molecular energy levels with respect to the Fermi level of the metal were investigated and important insights regarding the electronic properties of the metal / organic interfaces were obtained. Another aspect of interactions between organic dyes and metallic gold was studied in the context of spectroscopic properties of systems incorporating gold nanoparticles with organic fluorophores covalently attached to the nanoparticle surface. Ultrafast dynamics of the excited-state deactivation of the organic fluorophores attached to the surface of gold nanoparticles were studied with the use of a fs transient absorption technique. It was found that the close proximity of a gold nanoparticle had a profound impact on the excited-state lifetime of the studied organic fluorophore. The influence of the structure of the studied systems on the excited-state deactivation dynamics of the organic fluorophores was described.
Book Synopsis Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters by : Zhikun Wu
Download or read book Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters written by Zhikun Wu and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2020-11-06 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomically precise metal nanocluster research has emerged as a new frontier. This book serves as an introduction to metal nanoclusters protected by ligands. The authors have summarized the synthesis principles and methods, the characterization methods and new physicochemical properties, and some potential applications. By pursuing atomic precision, such nanocluster materials provide unprecedented opportunities for establishing precise relationships between the atomic-level structures and the properties. The book should be accessible to senior undergraduate and graduate students, researchers in various fields (e.g., chemistry, physics, materials, biomedicine, and engineering), R&D scientists, and science policy makers.
Book Synopsis Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications by : Tuhin Subhra Santra
Download or read book Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications written by Tuhin Subhra Santra and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-16 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the evolution of, and novel challenges currently facing, nanomaterials science, nanoengineering, and nanotechnology, and their applications and development in the biological and biomedical fields. It details different nanoscale and nanostructured materials syntheses, processing, characterization, and applications, and considers improvements that can be made in nanostructured materials with their different biomedical applications. The book also briefly covers the state of the art of different nanomaterials design, synthesis, fabrication and their potential biomedical applications. It will be particularly useful for reading and research purposes, especially for science and engineering students, academics, and industrial researchers.
Book Synopsis Protected Metal Clusters: From Fundamentals to Applications by :
Download or read book Protected Metal Clusters: From Fundamentals to Applications written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-09-06 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protected Metal Clusters: From Fundamentals to Applications surveys the fundamental concepts and potential applications of atomically precise metal clusters protected by organic ligands. As this class of materials is now emerging as a result of breakthroughs in synthesis and characterization that have taken place over the last few years, the book provides the first reference with a focus on these exciting novel nanomaterials, explaining their formation, and how, and why, they play an important role in the future of molecular electronics, catalysis, sensing, biological imaging, and medical diagnosis and therapy. - Surveys the fundamental concepts and potential applications of atomically precise metal clusters protected by organic ligands. - Provides well-organized, tutorial style chapters that are ideal for teaching and self-study - In-depth descriptions by top scientists in the field - Presents the state-of-the art of protected metal clusters and their future prospects
Book Synopsis Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) by : Jianwei Xu
Download or read book Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) written by Jianwei Xu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-04-17 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE): A Practical Guide introduces readers to the topic, guiding them through fundamental concepts and the latest advances in applications. The book covers concepts, principles and working mechanisms of AIE in AIE-active luminogens, with different classes of AIE luminogens reviewed, including polymers, three-dimensional frameworks (MOFs and COFs) and supramolecular gels. Special focus is given to the structure-property relationship, structural design strategies, targeted properties and application performance. The book provides readers with a deep understanding, not only on the fundamental principles of AIE, but more importantly, on how AIE luminogens and AIE properties can be incorporated in material development. - Provides the fundamental principles, design and synthesis strategies of aggregation induced emission materials - Reviews the most relevant applications in materials design for stimuli-responsive materials, biomedical applications, chemo-sensing and optoelectronics - Emphasizes structural design and its connection to aggregation induced emission properties, also exploring the structure-property relationship
Book Synopsis Metal Nanoparticles by : Daniel L. Fedlheim
Download or read book Metal Nanoparticles written by Daniel L. Fedlheim and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-26 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the-art reference, Metal Nanoparticles offers the latest research on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanoparticles. Following an introduction of structural, optical, electronic, and electrochemical properties of nanoparticles, the book elaborates on nanoclusters, hyper-Raleigh scattering, nanoarrays, and several applications including single electron devices, chemical sensors, biomolecule sensors, and DNA detection. The text emphasizes how size, shape, and surface chemistry affect particle performance throughout. Topics include synthesis and formation of nanoclusters, nanosphere lithography, modeling of nanoparticle optical properties, and biomolecule sensors.
Book Synopsis Colloidal Synthesis of Plasmonic Nanometals by : Luis Liz-Marzán
Download or read book Colloidal Synthesis of Plasmonic Nanometals written by Luis Liz-Marzán and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-23 with total page 911 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noble metal nanoparticles have attracted enormous scientific and technological interest because of their unique optical properties, which are related to surface plasmon resonances. The interest in nanosized metal particles dates back to ancient societies, when metals were used in various forms as decorative elements. From the famous Lycurgus cup, made by the Romans in the 4th century AD, through thousands of stained glasses in churches and cathedrals all over medieval Europe, bright-yellow, green, or red colors have been obtained by a touch of metallic additions during glass blowing. This peculiar interaction of light with nanometals can be widely tuned through the morphology and assembly of nanoparticles, thereby expanding the range of potential applications, from energy and information storage to biomedicine, including novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods. This book compiles recent developments that clearly illustrate the state of the art in this cutting-edge research field. It comprises different review articles written by the teams of Prof. Luis Liz-Marzán, an international leader in chemical nanotechnology who has made seminal contributions to the use of colloid chemistry methods to understand and tailor the growth of metal particles at the nanoscale. Apart from synthesis, the book also describes in detail the plasmonic properties of nanomaterials and illustrates some representative applications. This book will appeal to anyone involved in nanotechnology, nanocrystal growth, nanoplasmonics, and surface-enhanced spectroscopies.
Book Synopsis Fluorescence Methods for Investigation of Living Cells and Microorganisms by : Natalia Grigoryeva
Download or read book Fluorescence Methods for Investigation of Living Cells and Microorganisms written by Natalia Grigoryeva and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-09 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluorescence methods play a leading role in the investigation of biological objects. They are the only non-destructive methods for investigating living cells and microorganisms in vivo. Using intrinsic and artificial fluorescence methods provides deep insight into mechanisms underlying physiological and biochemical processes. This book covers a wide range of modern methods involved in experimental biology. It illustrates the use of fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, flow cytometry, delayed fluorescence, pulse-amplitude-modulation fluorometry, and fluorescent dye staining protocols. This book provides an overview of practical and theoretical aspects of fluorescence methods and their successful application in the investigation of static and dynamic processes in living cells and microorganisms.
Book Synopsis Metal Nanoparticles in Microbiology by : Mahendra Rai
Download or read book Metal Nanoparticles in Microbiology written by Mahendra Rai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following an introduction to biogenic metal nanoparticles, this book presents how they can be biosynthesized using bacteria, fungi and yeast, as well as their potential applications in biomedicine. It is shown that the synthesis of nanoparticles using microbes is eco-friendly and results in reproducible metal nanoparticles of well-defined sizes, shapes and structures. This biotechnological approach based on the process of biomineralization exploits the effectiveness and flexibility of biological systems. Chapters include practical protocols for microbial synthesis of nanoparticles and microbial screening methods for isolating a specific nanoparticle producer as well as reviews on process optimization, industrial scale production, biomolecule-nanoparticle interactions, magnetosomes, silver nanoparticles and their numerous applications in medicine, and the application of gold nanoparticles in developing sensitive biosensors.
Book Synopsis Experimental Relations of Gold (and Other Metals) to Light by : Michael Faraday
Download or read book Experimental Relations of Gold (and Other Metals) to Light written by Michael Faraday and published by . This book was released on 1857 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
