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Removal Of Microcystin Lr From Drinking Water Using Granular Activated Carbon
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Book Synopsis Removal of Microcystin-LR from Drinking Water Using Granular Activated Carbon by : Kathryn E. Villars
Download or read book Removal of Microcystin-LR from Drinking Water Using Granular Activated Carbon written by Kathryn E. Villars and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Therefore, this study specifically examines the congener microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and developed equilibrium isotherms and rapid small scale column test (RSSCT) breakthrough curves for a variety of GAC products under different matrix conditions. Equilibrium isotherms were developed for six different GAC products from four different carbon source materials (hardwood, lignite, bituminous coal and coconut) both with and without the presence of NOM. Experiments were conducted in model water with an initial concentration of 50 ug/L of MC-LR and 5mg/L of Suwanee River Fulvic Acid. Further, a series of proportional diffusivity rapid small scale column tests (PD-RSSCTs) were designed to compare MC-LR and NOM breakthrough for three different GAC source materials (bituminous coal, lignite and hardwood) and at a pH range of relevance to GAC unit processes (pH = 7.8 and 9.5). PD-RSSCT were conducted in a 0.38cm inner diameter column with GAC bed depths packed to 1.5 cm. Model water with ~100ug/L of MC-LR and 5mg/L of Suwanee River Fulvic Acid was fed at ~0.32mL/min to generate a full scale empty bed contact time of 15minutes.
Book Synopsis Removal of Microcystin-LR from Drinking Water Using Adsorption and Membrane Processes by : Jung Ju Lee
Download or read book Removal of Microcystin-LR from Drinking Water Using Adsorption and Membrane Processes written by Jung Ju Lee and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall goal of this research was to develop an advanced and effective process for the removal of microcystins from drinking water. To achieve this goal, powdered activated carbon (PAC), iron oxide nanoparticles, and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were explored as promising treatment technologies.
Book Synopsis Granular Activated Carbon for the Removal of Seasonally Present Microcystin-LR by : Victoria Anne Inez Chennette
Download or read book Granular Activated Carbon for the Removal of Seasonally Present Microcystin-LR written by Victoria Anne Inez Chennette and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a potent hepatotoxin, produced by cyanobacteria. MC-LR is the most commonly regulated cyanotoxin. MC-LR typically occurs seasonally in late summer in temperate regions, such as the North American Great Lakes region. Nutrient and temperature conditions lead to the annual formation of cyanobacterial blooms, most notably in shallower Lake Erie. Adsorption using granular activated carbon (GAC) is a promising treatment technology for the removal of cyanotoxin MC-LR. The operation of a GAC contactor on a seasonal basis, and the storage of GAC between annual events were the focus of this work. A typical GAC in the study geographic area, Calgon Filtrasorb ® 300 (F300), was selected for this work. In order to simulate one season of use, the F300 was preloaded with 20,000 bed volumes of post-filtration Lake Ontario water from a full-scale drinking water treatment plant. The preloading period was determined from the volume of water passed through the full-scale plant when cyanobacterial metabolites geosmin and 2-methylisoborenol had historically been detected. During preloading the water quality was consistent in terms of Total (TOC) and dissolved (DOC) organic carbon. The largest contributor to natural organic matter (NOM) was humics as determined by liquid chromatography organic carbon detection (LC-OCD). The virgin and preloaded F300 were evaluated in terms of ultimate capacity and kinetics for MC-LR adsorption. The bottle point method was used, with samples taken daily for the first ten days, and every two days following until less than 1% change in percentage removal was observed. MC-LR was quantified using LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry). The virgin F300 reached equilibrium after 18 days, and the preloaded reached equilibrium after 49 days. The preloaded and virgin F300 did not show significantly different Freundlich isotherm parameters, indicating that the preloaded F300 was not significantly exhausted following one season of preloading. This finding should be interpreted with caution, as there may be differences which are not detectable at the selected confidence level. The preloaded F300 was then stored under four conditions for eight months (the typical portion of the year in which cyanobacterial blooms are uncommon in temperate regions). Storage conditions included high moisture content (HMC) and low moisture content (LMC), to represent the bottom and top, respectively, of a drained GAC contactor. Two fully saturated conditions were explored; the F300 was stored completely submerged in post-filtration water from the full scale facility, and the F300 was stored fully submerged in a 20 g/L salt (sodium chloride) solution. In addition, a continuous operational control located at the full-scale pant was maintained at the same hydraulic loading rate as the full-scale filters in order to simulate a GAC contactor which remained in service year round. The time to equilibrium for each carbon was evaluated; the salt storage samples reached equilibrium (less than 1% change in percent removal) after 41 days, and displayed the fastest kinetics for MC-LR removal. The submerged storage method displayed the slowest kinetics, and reached equilibrium after 57 days. At the 95% confidence level, all of the stored F300 Freundlich isotherm parameters were significantly different from the continuous operational control, indicating that there may be a benefit from storage under any of the considered conditions. When the broader prediction intervals are considered, there was no significant difference in any of the predicted MC-LR solid phase concentrations when considering various MC-LR liquid phase concentrations. This finding indicates that non-detectable differences may be present, due to the data quality. When compared with the virgin and preloaded F300, the continuous operational control is distinct from the virgin and preloaded isotherm parameters at the 95% confidence level. At the 95% confidence level, the virgin, preloaded and LMC stored carbon parameters for MC-LR removal are not distinct. Although capacity for MC-LR cannot be directly determined simply by examining the Freundlich parameters, the results suggest that the storage of the F300 under LMC conditions provides a benefit in terms of equilibrium capacity. Overall, this research indicates that there is a benefit in terms of capacity and kinetics from the storage of the preloaded F300, under any of the considered conditions. There is an indication that the LMC storage may provide the most benefit, however additional confirmation is required to establish this finding with statistical significance.
Book Synopsis Treatment of the Cyanotoxins Cylindrospermopsin, Microcystin-LR, and Anatoxin-a by Activated Carbon in Drinking Water by : Yanting Liu
Download or read book Treatment of the Cyanotoxins Cylindrospermopsin, Microcystin-LR, and Anatoxin-a by Activated Carbon in Drinking Water written by Yanting Liu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanotoxins are known to cause human and animal illness, in some cases resulting in death, and their presence in drinking water is a potential risk to public health. Cylindrospermopsin (CYL), microcystin-LR (MC-LR), and anatoxin-a (ANTA) are among the most detected and studied cyanotoxins in North American surface water. While microcystin is regulated in drinking water in most North American jurisdictions, lower maximum contaminant limits may be coming as well as the potential addition of CYL and ANTA as regulated contaminants. Powdered and granular activated carbon (PAC and GAC) may be cost-effective barriers for extracellular cyanotoxins in conventional drinking water treatment plants but not all carbons and toxins have been studied. Even less information is available at PAC contact times that are relevant to practice. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the adsorption behavior (rate and capacity) of CYL, MC-LR, and ANTA during treatment with PAC and GAC. Adsorption of CYL, MC-LR, and ANTA was investigated using three commercially available PACs: coal-based COL-PL60-800 (Carbon Activated Corporation), wood-based BG-HHM (Calgon Carbon), and coconut-based WPC® (Calgon Carbon). Initially adsorption was studied in ultrapure water to establish baseline performance and for inter-lab comparisons now and in the future. The BG-HHM (wood) and the WPC (coconut) adsorbed CYL the fastest, the BG-HHM (wood) adsorbed MC-LR the fastest, while the BG-HHM (wood) and WPC (coconut) adsorbed ANTA the fastest. Adsorption capacity was evaluated under both equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions (0.5 h and 1 h contact times). At equilibrium, the BG-HHM (wood) had the highest CYL capacity, the COL-PL60-800 (coal) had the highest MC-LR capacity, and the WPC (coconut) had the highest capacity for ANTA adsorption. Interestingly, PAC had substantially different capacities under non-equilibrium conditions which serve to more accurately simulate PAC contact times typically available in full-scale water treatment plants. Under non-equilibrium conditions, the wood-based BG-HHM outperformed the other two PACs with the highest capacity for the all three cyanotoxins investigated in this study. The adsorption of CYL, MC-LR, and ANTA was then investigated using Lake Erie water (adjusted to pH 7) collected from the Elgin Area Water Treatment Plant (Southern Ontario, Canada), again using the same PAC products as studied in the ultrapure water investigations. The BG-HHM (wood) adsorbed CYL and MC-LR the fastest, whereas the WPC (coconut) adsorbed ANTA the fastest. At equilibrium, the COL-PL60-800 (coal) had the greatest CYL capacity, the BG-HHM (wood) had the highest MC-LR capacity, and the WPC (coconut) and BG-HHM (wood) retained the greatest and similar capacity for ANTA. Under non-equilibrium conditions, the BG-HHM (wood) had the highest capacity for CYL and MC-LR, while the WPC (coconut) performed best for ANTA removal. Compared to the ultrapure water results, a substantial reduction in adsorptive capacity and a slight decrease in the rate of adsorption were observed in Lake Erie water. To describe the competitive adsorption of cyanotoxins and dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) in Lake Erie water, a competitive adsorption model, the simplified equivalent background compound model (SEBCM), was successfully utilized in this study to predict PAC dose to achieve target removals of each of CYL, MC-LR and ANTA under non-equilibrium conditions (0.5 h contact time). Based on the SEBCM results, an economic analysis was conducted and it was found that the BG-HHM (wood) was the most cost-effective alternative for CYL and MC-LR removal, while none of the selected PACs in this study was an effective barrier for ANTA. CYL adsorption was then investigated in ultrapure water using three virgin GACs, including coalbased F-300® (Calgon Carbon), wood-based C Gran (Norit), and coconut-based Aqua Carb (Siemens), and a preloaded coal-based F-300, previously prepared by Vlad (2015). Among all virgin GACs, the C Gran (wood) adsorbed CYL the fastest, while the C Gran (wood) had the lowest rate for CYL adsorption. The F-300 (coal) retained the highest equilibrium capacity, while the C Gran (wood) had the lowest. Comparing the performance of virgin and preloaded F-300 (coal), both the rate of adsorption and capacity deteriorated as a result of preloading. Overall, PAC adsorption for CYL and MC-LR is a promising treatment option. Further investigations are required to explain differences observed for ANTA removal by PAC in this study vs. that reported by Vlad (2015). In the case of CYL adsorption by GAC, bench-scale testing has demonstrated that larger scale investigations are justified (at pilot- or full-scale in the event of a bloom). At present, the price and availability of the cyanotoxins is such that larger scale experiments may be cost prohibitive. Additional bench-scale PAC and GAC studies in other water sources are warranted.
Book Synopsis Removal of Organic Contaminants from Drinking Water Using Techniques Other Than Granular Activated Carbon Alone by :
Download or read book Removal of Organic Contaminants from Drinking Water Using Techniques Other Than Granular Activated Carbon Alone written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cyanobacterial Toxins of Drinking Water Supplies by : Ian Robert Falconer
Download or read book Cyanobacterial Toxins of Drinking Water Supplies written by Ian Robert Falconer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-20 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contamination of both drinking and recreational water supplies by cyanobacteria is increasingly a cause for concern worldwide. While contamination causes livestock deaths with relative frequency, acute poisoning is rare in humans. However, there is growing apprehension over the possible role of cylindrospermopsins and microcystins in gastrointe
Book Synopsis Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins by : Anastasia E. Hiskia
Download or read book Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins written by Anastasia E. Hiskia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-17 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins Toxigenic cyanobacteria are one of the main health risks associated with water resources. Consequently, the analysis, control, and removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins from water supplies is a high priority research area. This book presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research on water treatment methods for the removal of cyanobacteria, taste and odor compounds, and cyanotoxins. Starting with an introduction to the subject, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins offers chapters on cyanotoxins and human health, conventional physical-chemical treatment for the removal of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins, removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins by membrane processes, biological treatment for the destruction of cyanotoxins, and conventional disinfection and/or oxidation processes. Other chapters look at advanced oxidation processes, removal/destruction of taste and odour compounds, transformation products of cyanobacterial metabolites during treatment and integrated drinking water processes. Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins Bridges the gap between basic knowledge of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins and practical management guidelines Includes integrated processes case studies and real-life examples Developed within the frame of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)–funded CYANOCOST A must-have resource for every water treatment plant, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins is a valuable resource for all researchers in water chemistry and engineering, environmental chemistry as well as water companies and authorities, water resource engineers and managers, environmental and public health protection organizations.
Book Synopsis Removal of Microcystin-LR Using Powdered Activated Carbon by : Asnika Bajracharya
Download or read book Removal of Microcystin-LR Using Powdered Activated Carbon written by Asnika Bajracharya and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The kinetic and preliminary equilibrium experiments were conducted in batches and the data were fitted to the pseudo first order kinetic equation and Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic results showed suppression of MC-LR adsorption trend in presence of NOM for all PAC types, with wood and coconut shell based PACs showing the least and highest impact. Doubling of NOM concentration did not show a reduction of similar magnitude compared to introducing NOM in the water matrix, which could be due to saturation of mesopore adsorption sites. Between the two NOM types, the presence of Grand Lake St. Marys dissolve organic matter showed statistically significant reduction in MC-LR adsorption trend compared to the Suwanee river fulvic acid only for the bituminous coal based PAC. Differences in adsorption could be due to differences in the chemical composition of the two NOM types and their affinity to the specific PAC type.
Book Synopsis Adsorption by Carbons by : Eduardo J. Bottani
Download or read book Adsorption by Carbons written by Eduardo J. Bottani and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-10 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adsorption by Carbons covers the most significant aspects of adsorption by carbons, attempting to fill the existing gap between the fields of adsorption and carbonaceous materials. Both basic and applied aspects are presented. The first section of the book introduces physical adsorption and carbonaceous materials, and is followed by a section concerning the fundamentals of adsorption by carbons. This leads to development of a series of theoretical concepts that serve as an introduction to the following section in which adsorption is mainly envisaged as a tool to characterize the porous texture and surface chemistry of carbons. Particular attention is paid to some novel nanocarbons, and the electrochemistry of adsorption by carbons is also addressed. Finally, several important technological applications of gas and liquid adsorption by carbons in areas such as environmental protection and energy storage constitute the last section of the book. - The first book to address the interplay between carbonaceous materials and adsorption - Includes important environmental applications, such as the removal of volatile organic compounds from polluted atmospheres - Covers both gas-solid and liquid-solid adsorption
Book Synopsis Removal of Algal Toxins from Drinking Water Using Ozone and GAC by : Gayle Newcombe
Download or read book Removal of Algal Toxins from Drinking Water Using Ozone and GAC written by Gayle Newcombe and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2002 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxic cyanobacteria (blue green algae) have now been reported in 27 countries and are found on all continents including Antarctica. Drinking water authorities world-wide are faced with the challenge of treating contaminated water or the possibility of a toxic bloom occurring sometime in the future. This tailored collaboration project was to provide the international drinking water industry with information to facilitate the confident application of viable treatment techniques for cyanotoxins. Assessment included toxicity of the ozonated solutions, assessment of the protein phosphate inhibition assay technique and the possibility of seeding an activated carbon filter with select bacteria for removal of microcystin-LR. This report offers valuable guidance to the water supplier to aid in deciding upon the most appropriate treatment options for a range of dissolved blue-green algal toxins.
Book Synopsis Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins by : Anastasia E. Hiskia
Download or read book Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins written by Anastasia E. Hiskia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins Toxigenic cyanobacteria are one of the main health risks associated with water resources. Consequently, the analysis, control, and removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins from water supplies is a high priority research area. This book presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research on water treatment methods for the removal of cyanobacteria, taste and odor compounds, and cyanotoxins. Starting with an introduction to the subject, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins offers chapters on cyanotoxins and human health, conventional physical-chemical treatment for the removal of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins, removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins by membrane processes, biological treatment for the destruction of cyanotoxins, and conventional disinfection and/or oxidation processes. Other chapters look at advanced oxidation processes, removal/destruction of taste and odour compounds, transformation products of cyanobacterial metabolites during treatment and integrated drinking water processes. Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins Bridges the gap between basic knowledge of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins and practical management guidelines Includes integrated processes case studies and real-life examples Developed within the frame of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)–funded CYANOCOST A must-have resource for every water treatment plant, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins is a valuable resource for all researchers in water chemistry and engineering, environmental chemistry as well as water companies and authorities, water resource engineers and managers, environmental and public health protection organizations.
Book Synopsis Chemical Properties of Material Surfaces by : Marek Kosmulski
Download or read book Chemical Properties of Material Surfaces written by Marek Kosmulski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-07-18 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of the adsorption of inorganics from aqueous solution on inorganic adsorbents. It emphasizes the relationship between adsorption and surface charging, highlighting simple and complex adsorption systems sorted by the adsorbent as well as the adsorbate. The author includes a comprehensive collection of pristine PZC of different materials - covering crystallographic structure, methods of preparation, impurities in the solid, temperature and ionic composition of the solution, experimental methods to determine PZC, and the correlation between zero points and other physical quantities.
Book Synopsis The Removal of Cyanobacterial Metabolites from Drinking Water Using Ozone and Granular Activated Carbon by : Lionel S. W. Ho
Download or read book The Removal of Cyanobacterial Metabolites from Drinking Water Using Ozone and Granular Activated Carbon written by Lionel S. W. Ho and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Removal of Organic Contaminants from Drinking Water Using Techniques Other Than Granular Activated Carbon Alone by :
Download or read book Removal of Organic Contaminants from Drinking Water Using Techniques Other Than Granular Activated Carbon Alone written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins by : Anastasia E. Hiskia
Download or read book Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins written by Anastasia E. Hiskia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-09-28 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins Toxigenic cyanobacteria are one of the main health risks associated with water resources. Consequently, the analysis, control, and removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins from water supplies is a high priority research area. This book presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research on water treatment methods for the removal of cyanobacteria, taste and odor compounds, and cyanotoxins. Starting with an introduction to the subject, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins offers chapters on cyanotoxins and human health, conventional physical-chemical treatment for the removal of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins, removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins by membrane processes, biological treatment for the destruction of cyanotoxins, and conventional disinfection and/or oxidation processes. Other chapters look at advanced oxidation processes, removal/destruction of taste and odour compounds, transformation products of cyanobacterial metabolites during treatment and integrated drinking water processes. Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins Bridges the gap between basic knowledge of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins and practical management guidelines Includes integrated processes case studies and real-life examples Developed within the frame of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)–funded CYANOCOST A must-have resource for every water treatment plant, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins is a valuable resource for all researchers in water chemistry and engineering, environmental chemistry as well as water companies and authorities, water resource engineers and managers, environmental and public health protection organizations.
Book Synopsis Degradation of Algal Toxin, Microcystin-LR, by Free Chlorine in Drinking Water Treatment by : Kimberly K. Zulliger
Download or read book Degradation of Algal Toxin, Microcystin-LR, by Free Chlorine in Drinking Water Treatment written by Kimberly K. Zulliger and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Adsorptive Removal of Microcystin-LR from Surface and Wastewater Using Tyre-based Powdered Activated Carbon: Kinetics and Isotherms by :
Download or read book Adsorptive Removal of Microcystin-LR from Surface and Wastewater Using Tyre-based Powdered Activated Carbon: Kinetics and Isotherms written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
