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Remote Sensing Of Urban Canopy Parameters For Enhanced Modelling And Climate Related Classification Of Urban Structures
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Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Urban Canopy Parameters for Enhanced Modelling and Climate Related Classification of Urban Structures by : Benjamin Bechtel
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Urban Canopy Parameters for Enhanced Modelling and Climate Related Classification of Urban Structures written by Benjamin Bechtel and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Urban Climate Science for Planning Healthy Cities by : Chao Ren
Download or read book Urban Climate Science for Planning Healthy Cities written by Chao Ren and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume demonstrates how urban climate science can provide valuable information for planning healthy cities. The book illustrates the idea of "Science in Time, Science in Place" by providing worldwide case-based urban climatic planning applications for a variety of regions and countries, utilizing relevant climatic-spatial planning experiences to address local climatic and environmental health issues. Comprised of three major sections entitled "The Rise of Mega-cities and the Concept of Climate Resilience and Healthy Living," "Urban Climate Science in Action," and "Future Challenges and the Way Forward," the book argues for the recognition of climate as a key element of healthy cities. Topics covered include: urban resilience in a climate context, climate responsive planning and urban climate interventions to achieve healthy cities, climate extremes, public health impact, urban climate-related health risk information, urban design and planning, and governance and management of sustainable urban development. The book will appeal to an international audience of practicing planners and designers, public health and built environment professionals, social scientists, researchers in epidemiology, climatology and biometeorology, and international to city scale policy makers. Chapter “Manchester: The Role of Urban Domestic Gardens in Climate Adaptation and Resilience” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Urban Canopy Parameterizations on Mesoscale Meteorological Model Simulations in the Paso Del Norte Area by :
Download or read book The Effect of Urban Canopy Parameterizations on Mesoscale Meteorological Model Simulations in the Paso Del Norte Area written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since mesoscale numerical models do not have the spatial resolution to directly simulate the fluid dynamics and thermodynamics in and around urban structures, urban canopy parameterizations are sometimes used to approximate the drag, heating, and enhanced turbulent kinetic energy (tke) produced by the sub-grid scale urban elements. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the urban canopy parameterizations used in the HOTMAC mesoscale meteorological model by turning the parameterizations on and off. The model simulations were performed in the Paso del Norte region, which includes the cities of El Paso and Ciudad Juarez, the Franklin and Sierra Juarez mountains, and the Rio Grande. The metropolitan area is surrounded by relatively barren scrubland and is intersected by strips of vegetation along the Rio Grande. Results indicate that the urban canopy parameterizations do affect the mesoscale flow field, reducing the magnitude of wind speed and changing the magnitude of the sensible heat flux and tke in the metropolitan area. A nighttime heat island and a daytime cool island exist when urban canopy parameters are turned on, but associated recirculation flows are not readily apparent. Model-computed solar, net, and longwave radiation values look reasonable, agreeing for the most part with published measurements.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Other Vegetation Parameters by : Francisco Javier García-Haro
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Other Vegetation Parameters written by Francisco Javier García-Haro and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring of vegetation structure and functioning is critical to modeling terrestrial ecosystems and energy cycles. In particular, leaf area index (LAI) is an important structural property of vegetation used in many land surface vegetation, climate, and crop production models. Canopy structure (LAI, fCover, plant height, and biomass) and biochemical parameters (leaf pigmentation and water content) directly influence the radiative transfer process of sunlight in vegetation, determining the amount of radiation measured by passive sensors in the visible and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Optical remote sensing (RS) methods build relationships exploiting in situ measurements and/or as outputs of physical canopy radiative transfer models. The increased availability of passive (radar and LiDAR) RS data has fostered their use in many applications for the analysis of land surface properties and processes, thanks also to their insensitivity to weather conditions and the capability to exploit rich structural and textural information. Data fusion and multi-sensor integration techniques are pressing topics to fully exploit the information conveyed by both optical and microwave bands.
Book Synopsis Urban Remote Sensing by : Qihao Weng
Download or read book Urban Remote Sensing written by Qihao Weng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Driven by advances in technology and societal needs, the next frontier in remote sensing is urban areas. With the advent of high-resolution imagery and more capable techniques, the question has become "Now that we have the technology, how do we use it?" The need for a definitive resource that explores the technology of remote sensing and the issues it can resolve in an urban setting has never been more acute. Containing contributions from world renowned experts, Urban Remote Sensing provides a review of basic concepts, methodologies, and case studies. Each chapter demonstrates how to apply up-to-date techniques to the problems identified and how to analyze research results. Organized into five sections, this book: Focuses on data, sensors, and systems considerations as well as algorithms for urban feature extraction Analyzes urban landscapes in terms of composition and structure, especially using sub-pixel analysis techniques Presents methods for monitoring, analyzing, and modeling urban growth Illustrates various approaches to urban planning and socio-economic applications of urban remote sensing Assesses the progress made to date, identifies the existing problems and challenges, and demonstrates new developments and trends in urban remote sensing This book is ideal for upper division undergraduate and graduate students, however it can also serve as a reference for researchers or those individuals interested in the remote sensing of cities in academia, and governmental and commercial sectors. Urban Remote Sensing examines how to apply remote sensing technology to urban and suburban areas.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing for Sustainability by : Qihao Weng
Download or read book Remote Sensing for Sustainability written by Qihao Weng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-17 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Driven by the societal needs and improvement in sensor technology and image processing techniques, remote sensing has become an essential geospatial tool for understanding the Earth and managing Human-Earth interactions. Remote Sensing for Sustainability introduces the current state of the art remote sensing knowledge integral for monitoring the world’s natural resources and environments, managing exposure to natural disasters and man-made risks, and helping understand the sustainability and productivity of natural ecosystems. Bridging the gap between remote sensing and sustainability science this book examines theories and methods as well as practical applications of sustainable development for cities using remote sensing; focuses on remote sensing methods and techniques for sustainable natural resources with emphasize on forests; answers questions on how and what the remote sensing methods and techniques can do for the sustainability of environmental systems; and examines the issues of energy use and sustainable energy sources using remote sensing technology in countries such as Germany, China, the U.S, drawing on case studies to demonstrate the applicability of remote sensing techniques. This comprehensive guide, which can serve to professors, researchers, and students alike, takes in consideration the United Nations set of sustainable development goals and intends to contribute to the GEO’s Strategic Plan by addressing and exemplifying a number of societal benefit areas of remote sensing data sets, methods, and techniques for sustainable development.
Book Synopsis Assessing, Evaluating, and Applying Canopy Models of Urban Vegetation from Satellite-based Height Data by : Johannes Schreyer
Download or read book Assessing, Evaluating, and Applying Canopy Models of Urban Vegetation from Satellite-based Height Data written by Johannes Schreyer and published by . This book was released on 2023* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Englische Version: Urban trees and shrubs have a variety of positive effects on humans and nature, such as cooling overheated inner cities. Detailed information on the location, height, and canopy structure of urban woody plants is indispensable for locating and quantifying such effects, but they are only poorly available on large scales. The globally available digital elevation model (DEM) of the TanDEM-X mission seems suitable for deriving the height and structure of woody areas in cities. This work incorporates TanDEM-X's DEM with additional remote sensing data and transferable image processing techniques to create urban tree canopy height models (CHM) of woody vegetation and investigate their applicability. The overall goal of this thesis is to provide approaches for creating and applying large-scale, multi-dimensional information on urban wooded areas in a holistic framework. In a first step, CHMs are derived from a TanDEM-X DEM and validated using an additional terrain model for different urban biotopes in Berlin, Germany. Next, first a terrain model and then a crown model are derived in a novel approach, to eliminate the need for an additional terrain model. The accuracies of both steps vary depending on the urban context, but exceed results based on global elevation data with coarser resolution. Then, to generate ideas for future applications of a CHM in urban research, a Berlin CHM is presented to a scientific audience in a written survey. By conducting an urban CHM for the Iranian city of Yazd and integrating it into an urban ecological study, the methodological transferability of the model is tested and the applicability is demonstrated. As an overall result, this thesis provides approaches for the processing and specific application of large-scale area and elevation data on urban vegetation, offering a variety of new perspectives on urban ecological issues.
Book Synopsis Identification of Tree Species on Large-scale Panchromatic and Color Aerial Photographs by : Robert Chester Heller
Download or read book Identification of Tree Species on Large-scale Panchromatic and Color Aerial Photographs written by Robert Chester Heller and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Accuracy Assessment of Percent Canopy Cover, Cover Type, and Size Class by : Hans T. Schreuder
Download or read book Accuracy Assessment of Percent Canopy Cover, Cover Type, and Size Class written by Hans T. Schreuder and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Truth for vegetation cover percent and type is obtained from very large-scale photography (VLSP), stand structure as measured by size classes, and vegetation types from a combination of VLSP and ground sampling. We recommend using the Kappa statistic with bootstrap confidence intervals for overall accuracy, and similarly bootstrap confidence intervals for percent correct for each category and user and producer accuracy. A procedure is given for mapped plots to be assessed as being partially or totally correct. We recommend the use of primary accuracy for management decisions and secondary accuracy for research decisions to distinguish between accuracy desired.
Download or read book Urban Climates written by T. R. Oke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Climates is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates. The book begins with an outline of what constitutes an urban ecosystem. It develops a comprehensive terminology for the subject using scale and surface classification as key constructs. It explains the physical principles governing the creation of distinct urban climates, such as airflow around buildings, the heat island, precipitation modification and air pollution, and it then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of urban development and help create more sustainable and resilient cities. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged field, this timely book fulfills the need to bring together the disparate parts of climate research on cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in fields such as climatology, urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering and urban design.
Book Synopsis Instrumentation for Studying Vegetation Canopies for Remote Sensing in Optical and Thermal Infrared Regions by : Narendra S. Goel
Download or read book Instrumentation for Studying Vegetation Canopies for Remote Sensing in Optical and Thermal Infrared Regions written by Narendra S. Goel and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1990 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1991. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Book Synopsis Urban Meteorology by : National Research Council
Download or read book Urban Meteorology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-06-13 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the United Nations, three out of five people will be living in cities worldwide by the year 2030. The United States continues to experience urbanization with its vast urban corridors on the east and west coasts. Although urban weather is driven by large synoptic and meso-scale features, weather events unique to the urban environment arise from the characteristics of the typical urban setting, such as large areas covered by buildings of a variety of heights; paved streets and parking areas; means to supply electricity, natural gas, water, and raw materials; and generation of waste heat and materials. Urban Meteorology: Forecasting, Monitoring, and Meeting Users' Needs is based largely on the information provided at a Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate community workshop. This book describes the needs for end user communities, focusing in particular on needs that are not being met by current urban-level forecasting and monitoring. Urban Meteorology also describes current and emerging meteorological forecasting and monitoring capabilities that have had and will likely have the most impact on urban areas, some of which are not being utilized by the relevant end user communities. Urban Meteorology explains that users of urban meteorological information need high-quality information available in a wide variety of formats that foster its use and within time constraints set by users' decision processes. By advancing the science and technology related to urban meteorology with input from key end user communities, urban meteorologists can better meet the needs of diverse end users. To continue the advancement within the field of urban meteorology, there are both short-term needs-which might be addressed with small investments but promise large, quick returns-as well as future challenges that could require significant efforts and investments.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing by : Emilio Chuvieco
Download or read book Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing written by Emilio Chuvieco and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An extensive review of remote sensing principles with an emphasis on environmental applications, Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing discusses a wide range of topics, from physical principles to data acquisition systems and on to visual and digital interpretation techniques. The text focuses on the interpretation and analysis of remote sensing images and how they improve our understanding of environmental processes and their interaction with human activities. The authors discuss new interpretation approaches, including hyperspectral analysis, high-spatial resolution data, and radiative transfer models. The presentation includes an analysis of accuracy assessment methods and demonstrates how to integrate remote sensing results with geographic information systems. It also covers recent missions, such as Terra-Aqua, Envisat, Ikonos-Quickbird-Geoeye and SPOT-5, as well as LIDAR and interpherometric radar. The discussion of visual criteria to extract interpretation from satellite images emphasizes differences and similarities with conventional photo-interpretation techniques. A chapter on accuracy assessment and the connection between remote sensing and geographic information systems helps readers extend the interpretation of satellite images to a more operational, applications-oriented framework.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing and Climate Modeling: Synergies and Limitations by : Martin Beniston
Download or read book Remote Sensing and Climate Modeling: Synergies and Limitations written by Martin Beniston and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1 2 Michel M. VERSTRAETE and Martin BENISTON 1 Space Applications Institute, EC Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy 2 Department of Geography, University of Fribourg, Switzerland This volume contains the proceedings ofthe workshop entitled “Satellite Remote Sensing and Climate Simulations: Synergies and Limitations” that took place in Les Diablerets, Switzerland, September 20–24, 1999. This international scientific conference aimed at addressing the current and pot- tial role of satellite remote sensing in climate modeling, with a particular focus on land surface processes and atmospheric aerosol characterization. Global and regional circulation models incorporate our knowledge ofthe dynamics ofthe Earth's atmosphere. They are used to predict the evolution of the weather and climate. Mathematically, this system is represented by a set ofpartial differential equations whose solution requires initial and bo- dary conditions. Limitations in the accuracy and geographical distribution of these constraints, and intrinsic mathematical sensitivity to these conditions do not allow the identification of a unique solution (prediction). Additional observations on the climate system are thus used to constrain the forecasts of the mathematical model to remain close to the observed state ofthe system.
Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Urban Forestry by : Francesco Ferrini
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Urban Forestry written by Francesco Ferrini and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 1031 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than half the world's population now lives in cities. Creating sustainable, healthy and aesthetic urban environments is therefore a major policy goal and research agenda. This comprehensive handbook provides a global overview of the state of the art and science of urban forestry. It describes the multiple roles and benefits of urban green areas in general and the specific role of trees, including for issues such as air quality, human well-being and stormwater management. It reviews the various stresses experienced by trees in cities and tolerance mechanisms, as well as cultural techniques for either pre-conditioning or alleviating stress after planting. It sets out sound planning, design, species selection, establishment and management of urban trees. It shows that close interactions with the local urban communities who benefit from trees are key to success. By drawing upon international state-of-art knowledge on arboriculture and urban forestry, the book provides a definitive overview of the field and is an essential reference text for students, researchers and practitioners.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Urban Growth and Sprawl from Remote Sensing Data by : Basudeb Bhatta
Download or read book Analysis of Urban Growth and Sprawl from Remote Sensing Data written by Basudeb Bhatta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-03 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive discussion on urban growth and sprawl, and how they can be analyzed using remote sensing imageries. It compiles views of numerous researchers that help in understanding the urban growth and sprawl; their patterns, process, causes, consequences, and countermeasures; how remote sensing data and geographic information system techniques can be used in mapping, monitoring, measuring, analyzing, and simulating the urban growth and sprawl and what are the merits and demerits of available methods and models. This book will be of value for the scientists and researchers engaged in urban geographic research, especially using remote sensing imageries. This book will serve as a rigours literature review for them. Post graduate students of urban geography or urban/regional planning may refer this book as additional studies. This book may help the academicians for preparing lecture notes and delivering lectures. Industry professionals may also be benefited from the discussed methods and models along with numerous citations.
Download or read book Forest Inventory written by Annika Kangas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-19 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been developed as a forest inventory textbook for students and could also serve as a handbook for practical foresters. We have set out to keep the mathematics in the book at a fairly non-technical level, and therefore, although we deal with many issues that include highly sophisticated methodology, we try to present first and foremost the ideas behind them. For foresters who need more details, references are given to more advanced scientific papers and books in the fields of statistics and biometrics. Forest inventory books deal mostly with sampling and measurement issues, as found here in section I, but since forest inventories in many countries involve much more than this, we have also included material on forestry applications. Most applications nowadays involve remote sensing technology of some sort, so that section II deals mostly with the use of remote sensing material for this purpose. Section III deals with national inventories carried out in different parts of world, and section IV is an attempt to outline some future possibilities of forest inventory methodologies. The editors, Annika Kangas Professor of Forest Mensuration and Management, Department of Forest Resource Management, University of Helsinki. Matti Maltamo Professor of Forest Mensuration, Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
