Regulating Private Military And Security Contractors Through Social Accountability

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Private Military and Security Companies

Author : Erika Calazans
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443893951
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Military and Security Companies by : Erika Calazans

Download or read book Private Military and Security Companies written by Erika Calazans and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book’s primary concern is the application of International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law in addressing the business conduct of Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) during armed conflicts, as well as state responsibility for human rights violations and current attempts at international regulation. The book discusses four interconnected themes. First, it differentiates private contractors from mercenaries, presenting an historical overview of private violence. Second, it situates PMSCs’ employees under the legal status of civilian or combatant in accordance with the Third and Fourth Geneva Conventions of 1949. It then investigates the existing law on state responsibility and what sort of responsibility companies and their employees can face. Finally, the book explores current developments on regulation within the industry, on national, regional and international levels. These themes are connected by the argument that, in order to find gaps in the existing laws, it is necessary to establish what they are, what law is applicable and what further developments are needed.

Regulating Private Military Companies

Author : Katerina Galai
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429879962
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulating Private Military Companies by : Katerina Galai

Download or read book Regulating Private Military Companies written by Katerina Galai and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work examines the ability of existing and evolving PMC regulation to adequately control private force, and it challenges the capacity of international law to deliver accountability in the event of private military company (PMC) misconduct. From medieval to early modern history, private soldiers dominated the military realm and were fundamental to the waging of wars until the rise of a national citizen army. Today, PMCs are again a significant force, performing various security, logistics, and strategy functions across the world. Unlike mercenaries or any other form of irregular force, PMCs acquired a corporate legal personality, a legitimising status that alters the governance model of today. Drawing on historical examples of different forms of governance, the relationship between neoliberal states and private military companies is conceptualised here as a form of a ‘shared governance'. It reflects states’ reliance on PMCs relinquishing a degree of their power and transferring certain functions to the private sector. As non-state actors grow in authority, wielding power, and making claims to legitimacy through self-regulation, other sources of law also become imaginable and relevant to enact regulation and invoke responsibility.

Regulating US Private Security Contractors

Author : Jovana Jezdimirovic Ranito
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030112411
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulating US Private Security Contractors by : Jovana Jezdimirovic Ranito

Download or read book Regulating US Private Security Contractors written by Jovana Jezdimirovic Ranito and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-22 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores different aspects of the regulation of private security contractors working for governments. The author specifically examines the US, identifying the obstacles that have hindered US regulatory outcomes. Theoretical discussions, supported by conceptual analysis of Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice, are applied to analysis based on interviews with current and former employees of key stakeholders. By analyzing the political, bureaucratic, and organizational obstacles to the implementation of consistent and enforceable regulations, Jovana Jezdimirovic Ranito points to creative possibilities for future use of her conceptual framework.

Multilevel Regulation of Military and Security Contractors

Author : Christine Bakker
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1847319009
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (473 download)

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Book Synopsis Multilevel Regulation of Military and Security Contractors by : Christine Bakker

Download or read book Multilevel Regulation of Military and Security Contractors written by Christine Bakker and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-02-10 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The outsourcing of military and security services is the object of intense legal debate. States employ private military and security companies (PMSCs) to perform functions previously exercised by regular armed forces, and increasingly international organisations, NGOs and business corporations do the same to provide security, particularly in crisis situations. Much of the public attention on PMSCs has been in response to incidents in which PMSC employees have been accused of violating international humanitarian law. Therefore initiatives have been launched to introduce uniform international standards amidst what is currently very uneven national regulation. This book analyses and discusses the interplay between international, European, and domestic regulatory measures in the field of PMSCs. It presents a comprehensive assessment of the existing domestic legislation in EU Member States and relevant Third States, and identifies implications for future international regulation. The book also addresses the crucial questions whether and how the EU can potentially play a more active future role in the regulation of PMSCs to ensure compliance with human rights and international humanitarian law.

Private Military and Security Contractors

Author : Gary Schaub, Jr.
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1442260238
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Military and Security Contractors by : Gary Schaub, Jr.

Download or read book Private Military and Security Contractors written by Gary Schaub, Jr. and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Private Military and Security Contractors (PMSCs) a multinational team of scholars and experts address a developing phenomenon: controlling the use of privatized force by states in international politics. Robust analyses of the evolving, multi-layered tapestry of formal and informal mechanisms of control address the microfoundations of the market, such as the social and role identities of contract employees, their acceptance by military personnel, and potential tensions between them. The extent and willingness of key states—South Africa, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Israel—to monitor and enforce discipline to structure their contractual relations with PMSCs on land and at sea is examined, as is the ability of the industry to regulate itself. Also discussed is the nascent international legal regime to reinforce state and industry efforts to encourage effective practices, punish inappropriate behavior, and shape the market to minimize the hazards of loosening states’ oligopolistic control over the means of legitimate organized violence. The volume presents a theoretically-informed synthesis of micro- and macro-levels of analysis, offering new insights into the challenges of controlling the agents of organized violence used by states for scholars and practitioners alike.

Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and the Quest for Accountability

Author : George Andreopoulos
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317520149
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and the Quest for Accountability by : George Andreopoulos

Private Security Companies and the State Monopoly on Violence: A Case of Norm Change?.

Author : Elke Krahmann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Security Companies and the State Monopoly on Violence: A Case of Norm Change?. by : Elke Krahmann

Download or read book Private Security Companies and the State Monopoly on Violence: A Case of Norm Change?. written by Elke Krahmann and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Private Military and Security Companies

Author : Thomas Jäger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3531903136
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Military and Security Companies by : Thomas Jäger

Download or read book Private Military and Security Companies written by Thomas Jäger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-23 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Private Sicherheits- und Militärunternehmen erleben seit den 1990er Jahren einen außerordentlichen Boom und sind derzeit eines der spannendsten Phänomene in den internationalen Beziehungen. Die Palette der von ihnen angebotenen Dienstleistungen ist groß. Sie reichen von logistischer Unterstützung über Aufklärung bis hin zu Kampfeinsätzen. Zu ihren Kunden zählen Regierungen, Wirtschaftsunternehmen, internationale Organisationen, NGOs, humanitäre Organisationen sowie Privatpersonen. Gegenwärtig lässt sich an den Auseinandersetzungen im Irak sowohl die Aktualität wie auch die Brisanz ihres Einsatzes illustrieren, gibt es doch Anzeichen dafür, dass Beschäftigte solcher Unternehmen u.a. in die Folterung von Gefangenen verwickelt sind. Die Beiträge des Sammelbandes aus der Feder nationaler wie internationaler Expertinnen und Experten beschreiben und analysieren verschiedene Typen von privaten Sicherheits- und Militärunternehmens, ihre Dienstleistungen und die Umstände, die ihren Boom befördert haben. Sie diskutieren die Vor- wie auch die Nachteile ihres Einsatzes und beschreiben Instrumente, die die Tätigkeit dieser Unternehmen stärker reglementieren und kontrollieren könnten.

Private Military and Security Companies as Legitimate Governors

Author : Berenike Prem
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 0429826001
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Military and Security Companies as Legitimate Governors by : Berenike Prem

Download or read book Private Military and Security Companies as Legitimate Governors written by Berenike Prem and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2019-06-19 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the legitimation of Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs), focusing on the controversy between PMSCs and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). While existing studies disproportionately emphasizes the ability for companies and their clients to dominate and shape perceptions of the industry, this book offers an alternative explanation for the oft-cited normalization of PMSCs and the trend to privatize security by analyzing the changing relationship between PMSCs and NGOs. It uses the concept of ‘norm entrepreneurship’ to elucidate the legitimation game between these two dissimilar actors. Starting from the 1990s, the book shows that the relationship between PMSCs and NGOs has undergone a transition by literally moving from ‘the barricades to the boardrooms’. After years of fierce advocacy and PR campaigns against PMSCs, today both actors increasingly collaborate in multi-stakeholder initiatives, elevating the status of PMSCs from a scorned actor to a trusted partner in the regulation of the industry. The work offers a comprehensive explanation of when and why this kind of collective norm entrepreneurship is likely to occur. This book will be of interest to students of PMSCs, critical security studies, global governance, international norms, and International Relations.

Private Contractors and the Reconstruction of Iraq

Author : Christopher Kinsey
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135220166
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (352 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Contractors and the Reconstruction of Iraq by : Christopher Kinsey

Download or read book Private Contractors and the Reconstruction of Iraq written by Christopher Kinsey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-09-10 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Private Contractors and the Reconstruction of Iraq examines the controversial role of military contractors in the reconstruction of Iraq. When 'Operation Iraqi Freedom' was launched in March 2003, few, if any, of the Coalition's political leaders could have envisaged that within a few months the number of private contractors engaged to keep the troops supplied would exceed their actual combat strength. This alternative 'army' was not only to become the largest assemblage of contractors in living memory to accompany a military force into a war zone, but was also responsible for a fundamental transformation of how military logistics were delivered. This book explains how and why the US and UK governments became so dependent upon military contractors during the war in Iraq. It also examines the ramifications this new dependency will have on future military operations, as the conflict in Iraq has shown that private contractors are now indispensable to the attainment of both the military and political objectives of war. Finally, the book discusses what advantages and disadvantages these companies have brought to the reconstruction of Iraq, and what lessons need to be learned from this experience. This book will be of great interest to students of military and strategic studies, Middle Eastern politics and international security, and as well as policymakers and military professionals. Christopher Kinsey is a lecturer in international security at King's College London, Defence Studies Department, at the Joint Services Command and Staff College, Shrivenham. His previous publications include Corporate Soldiers and International Security: The Rise of Private Military Companies (Routledge: 2006)

Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and the Quest for Accountability

Author : George Andreopoulos
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000022536
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and the Quest for Accountability by : George Andreopoulos

Download or read book Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and the Quest for Accountability written by George Andreopoulos and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-18 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) have constituted a perennial feature of the security landscape. Yet, it is their involvement in and conduct during the ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan that have transformed the outsourcing of security services into such a pressing public policy and world-order issue. The PMSCs’ ubiquitous presence in armed conflict situations, as well as in post-conflict reconstruction, their diverse list of clients (governments in the developed and developing world, non-state armed groups, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, and international corporations) and, in the context of armed conflict situations, involvement in instances of gross misconduct, have raised serious accountability issues. The prominence of PMSCs in conflict zones has generated critical questions concerning the very concept of security and the role of private force, a rethinking of "essential governmental functions," a rearticulation of the distinction between public/private and global/local in the context of the creation of new forms of "security governance," and a consideration of the relevance, as well as limitations, of existing regulatory frameworks that include domestic and international law (in particular international human rights law and international humanitarian law). This book critically examines the growing role of PMSCs in conflict and post-conflict situations, as part of a broader trend towards the outsourcing of security functions. Particular emphasis is placed on key moral, legal, and political considerations involved in the privatization of such functions, on the impact of outsourcing on security governance, and on the main challenges confronting efforts to hold PMSCs accountable through a combination of formal and informal, domestic as well as international, regulatory mechanisms and processes. It will be of interest to scholars, policymakers, practitioners and advocates for a more transparent and humane security order. This book was published as a special issue of Criminal Justice Ethics.

Private Military and Security Companies

Author : Andrew Alexandra
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134081863
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Military and Security Companies by : Andrew Alexandra

Download or read book Private Military and Security Companies written by Andrew Alexandra and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-10-16 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past twenty years, Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) have become significant elements of national security arrangements, assuming many of the functions that have traditionally been undertaken by state armies. Given the centrality of control over the use of coercive force to the functioning and identity of the modern state, and to international order, these developments clearly are of great practical and conceptual interest. This edited volume provides an interdisciplinary overview of PMSCs: what they are, why they have emerged in their current form, how they operate, their current and likely future military, political, social and economic impact, and the moral and legal constraints that do and should apply to their operation. The book focuses firstly upon normative issues raised by the development of PMSCs, and then upon state regulation and policy towards PMSCs, examining finally the impact of PMSCs on civil-military relations. It takes an innovative approach, bringing theory and empirical research into mutually illuminating contact. Includes contributions from experts in IR, political theory, international and corporate law, and economics, and also breaks important new ground by including philosophical discussions of PMSCs.

Contracting Out to Private Military and Security Companies

Author : Nikolaos Tzifakis
Publisher : Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies
ISBN 13 : 2930632186
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Contracting Out to Private Military and Security Companies by : Nikolaos Tzifakis

Download or read book Contracting Out to Private Military and Security Companies written by Nikolaos Tzifakis and published by Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies. This book was released on 2012-04-29 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PDF can be downloaded for free from: http://martenscentre.eu/publications/contracting-out-private-military-and-security-companies The global trend for contracting out the supply of military and security services is growing. Security is being transformed from a service for the public or common good into a privately provided service. This paper argues that the implications of outsourcing security services to private agencies are neither a positive nor negative phenomenon. However, proper regulation of private military and security services is important. The author recommends that states should determine their 'inherently governmental functions' and keep these functions out of the market's reach.

The Oxford Handbook of Law and Anthropology

Author : Marie-Claire Foblets
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192577018
Total Pages : 993 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Law and Anthropology by : Marie-Claire Foblets

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Law and Anthropology written by Marie-Claire Foblets and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-01 with total page 993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Law and Anthropology is a ground-breaking collection of essays that provides an original and internationally framed conception of the historical, theoretical, and ethnographic interconnections of law and anthropology. Each of the chapters in the Handbook provides a survey of the current state of scholarly debate and an argument about the future direction of research in this dynamic and interdisciplinary field. The structure of the Handbook is animated by an overarching collective narrative about how law and anthropology have and should relate to each other as intersecting domains of inquiry that address such fundamental questions as dispute resolution, normative ordering, social organization, and legal, political, and social identity. The need for such a comprehensive project has become even more pressing as lawyers and anthropologists work together in an ever-increasing number of areas, including immigration and asylum processes, international justice forums, cultural heritage certification and monitoring, and the writing of new national constitutions, among many others. The Handbook takes critical stock of these various points of intersection in order to identify and conceptualize the most promising areas of innovation and sociolegal relevance, as well as to acknowledge the points of tension, open questions, and areas for future development.

Human rights annual report 2008

Author : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs Committee
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 9780215540836
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Human rights annual report 2008 by : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs Committee

Download or read book Human rights annual report 2008 written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2009-08-09 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the Government's record in relation to securing the human rights of British citizens and others overseas and its work in promoting human rights in other countries. The report covers rendition, allegations of UK complicity in torture, transfers of detainees in Iraq and Afghanistan and the regulation of private military and security companies. It also provides an examination of the international human rights framework and human rights abuses in individual countries of concern including Burma, China, Colombia, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Zimbabwe and also in the UK's overseas territories.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Law in Africa

Author : Nojeem A. Amodu
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000052966
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Corporate Social Responsibility and Law in Africa by : Nojeem A. Amodu

Download or read book Corporate Social Responsibility and Law in Africa written by Nojeem A. Amodu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the conception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Africa, expanding it’s frontiers beyond corporate reporting, voluntary corporate charity and community development projects. Taking a corporate law perspective on CSR, the author combines theory and practice to explain how CSR interacts with of sustainable development and sets an agenda for effective operationalization in Africa. The book not only devises an enforcement mechanism towards embedding effective CSR and sustainable development in Africa but also addresses CSR greenwash on the continent. The author critically examines CSR practices, legal and regulatory techniques in Nigeria and South Africa in the context of contexts of international regulatory dialogues and shows how corporate socially responsible behaviour can be effectively embedded within business communities in Africa. Increasing our understanding of the theoretical, legal and regulatory frameworks supporting corporate responsibility, this book will be of interest to scholars, policy makers and practitioners in the fields of Africa law, corporate law, corporate social responsibility and African business.

Private Militaries and the Security Industry in Civil Wars

Author : Seden Akcinaroglu
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197520820
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Militaries and the Security Industry in Civil Wars by : Seden Akcinaroglu

Download or read book Private Militaries and the Security Industry in Civil Wars written by Seden Akcinaroglu and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-09 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1990s, private military and security companies (PMSCs) have intervened in civil wars around the globe. International, legally registered corporate actors have assisted governments with a myriad of tasks including combat support, logistics, army and police training, intelligence analysis, and guard services. However, reports that such contractors have been responsible for human rights abuses have spurred the need to evaluate the industry's impact on conflicts. Are these contractors effective in curbing violence or does emphasis on profit and lack of accountability get in the way? And how can governments improve PMSCs' commitment to contractual obligations, including adherence to international humanitarian laws? This book identifies two market forces that impact PMSCs' military effectiveness: local or conflict-level competition and global or industry-level competition. Specifically, Seden Akcinaroglu and Elizabeth Radziszewski challenge the assumption that interventions by profit-driven coporations are likely to destabilize areas engaged in war, and provide data that private contractors do contribute to conflict termination under certain circumstances. They argue that competitive market pressure creates a strong monitoring system and that the company's corporate structure and external competitive environment in a given conflict help to explain the variance in accountability to clients. Including an analysis of data on international PMSCs' interventions in civil wars from 1990-2008, Akcinaroglu and Radziszewski show the impact of competition on companies' contribution to the termination of different types of civil wars.