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Regional Trade Blocs Multilateralism And The Gatt
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Book Synopsis Regional Trade Agreements and the Multilateral Trading System by : Rohini Acharya
Download or read book Regional Trade Agreements and the Multilateral Trading System written by Rohini Acharya and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-22 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a collection of studies examining trade-related issues negotiated in regional trade agreements (RTAs) and how RTAs are related to the WTO's rules. While previous work has focused on subsets of RTAs, these studies are based on what is probably the largest dataset used to date, and highlight key issues that have been negotiated in all RTAs notified to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). New rules within RTAs are compared to rules agreed upon by WTO members. The extent of their divergences and the potential implications for parties to RTAs, as well as for WTO members that are not parties to RTAs, are examined. This volume makes an important contribution to the current debate on the role of the WTO in regulating international trade and how WTO rules relate to new rules being developed by RTAs.
Book Synopsis Regional Trade Blocs, Multilateralism and the GATT by : Till Geiger
Download or read book Regional Trade Blocs, Multilateralism and the GATT written by Till Geiger and published by Burns & Oates. This book was released on 1996 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributions to this broad-ranging volume provide a political economy and policy-analysts' perspective on the potential conflict between regional economic integration and multilateral international trade at the end of the Uruguay Round. It will be of interest to all those concerned with issues of international trade and integration.
Book Synopsis Regionalism versus Multilateralism by : L. Alan Winters
Download or read book Regionalism versus Multilateralism written by L. Alan Winters and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1996 Do the forces that regional integration arrangements set up encourage or discourage a trend toward globally freer trade? We don't know yet. The literature on regionalism versus multilateralism is growing as economists and political scientists grapple with the question of whether regional integration arrangements are good or bad for the multilateral system. Are regional integration arrangements building blocks or stumbling blocks, in Jagdish Bhagwati's phrase, or stepping stones toward multilateralism? As economists worry about the ability of the World Trade Organization to maintain the GATT's unsteady yet distinct momentum toward liberalism, and as they contemplate the emergence of world-scale regional integration arrangements (the EU, NAFTA, FTAA, APEC, and, possibly, TAFTA), the question has never been more pressing. Winters switches the focus from the immediate consequences of regionalism for the economic welfare of the integrating partners to the question of whether it sets up forces that encourage or discourage evolution toward globally freer trade. The answer is, We don't know yet. One can build models that suggest either conclusion, but these models are still so abstract that they should be viewed as parables rather than sources of testable predictions. Winters offers conclusions about research strategy as well as about the world we live in. Among the conclusions he reaches: * Since we value multilateralism, we had better work out what it means and, if it means different things to different people, make sure to identify the sense in which we are using the term. * Sector-specific lobbies are a danger if regionalism is permitted because they tend to stop blocs from moving all the way to global free trade. In the presence of lobbies, trade diversion is good politics even if it is bad economics. * Regionalism's direct effect on multilateralism is important, but possibly more so is the indirect effect it has by changing the ways in which groups of countries interact and respond to shocks in the world economy. * Regionalism, by allowing stronger internalization of the gains from trade liberalization, seems likely to facilitate freer trade when it is initially highly restricted. * The possibility of regionalism probably increases the risks of catastrophe in the trading system. The insurance incentives for joining regional arrangements and the existence of shiftable externalities both lead to such a conclusion. So too does the view that regionalism is a means to bring trade partners to the multilateral negotiating table because it is essentially coercive. Using regionalism for this purpose may have been an effective strategy, but it is also risky. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department - was prepared for a conference on regional integration sponsored by the Centre for Economic Policy Research, La Coru-a, Spain, April 26-27, 1996, and will appear in the conference proceedings.
Book Synopsis Regional Trade Agreements and the Multilateral Trading System by : Rohini Acharya
Download or read book Regional Trade Agreements and the Multilateral Trading System written by Rohini Acharya and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a collection of studies examining trade-related issues negotiated in regional trade agreements (RTAs) and how RTAs are related to the WTO's rules. While previous work has focused on subsets of RTAs, these studies are based on what is probably the largest dataset used to date, and highlight key issues that have been negotiated in all RTAs notified to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). New rules within RTAs are compared to rules agreed upon by WTO members. The extent of their divergences and the potential implications for parties to RTAs, as well as for WTO members that are not parties to RTAs, are examined. This volume makes an important contribution to the current debate on the role of the WTO in regulating international trade and how WTO rules relate to new rules being developed by RTAs.
Book Synopsis Rethinking the World Trade Order by : Mohammad F. A. Nsour
Download or read book Rethinking the World Trade Order written by Mohammad F. A. Nsour and published by Sidestone Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) have proliferated at an unprecedented pace since the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Although the WTO legally recognizes countries' entitlement to form RTAs, neither the WTO nor parties to RTAs have an unequivocal understanding of the relationship between the WTO and RTAs. In other words, the legal controversies, the result of uncertainty regarding the application of the WTO/GATT laws, risk undermining the objectives of the multilateral trade system. This research tackles a phenomenon that is widely believed to be heavily economic and political. It highlights the economic and political aspects of regionalism, but largely concentrates on the legal dimension of regionalism. The main argument of the book is that the first step to achieving harmony between multilateralism and regionalism is the identification of the legal uncertainties that regionalism produces when countries form RTAs without taking into account the substantive and procedural aspect of the applicable WTO/ GATT laws. The book calls for the creation of a legal instrument (i.e. agreement on RTAs) that combines all of the applicable law on RTAs, and simultaneously clarifies the legal language used therein. Likewise, the WTO should have a proactive role, not merely as a coordinator of RTAs, but as a watchdog for the multilateral system that has the power to prosecute violating RTAs. The author is aware that political concerns are top priorities for governments and policy makers when dealing with the regionalism problematic. Hence, legal solutions or proposals are not sufficient to create a better international trade system without the good will of the WTO Members who are, in fact, the players who are striving to craft more regional trade arrangements.
Book Synopsis How Regional Trade Blocs affect Liberalisation of International Trade by : Kelly Bill
Download or read book How Regional Trade Blocs affect Liberalisation of International Trade written by Kelly Bill and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2014-09-15 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Trade and Distribution, grade: B+, Stanford University, language: English, abstract: A trade bloc is a preferential trade agreement between a range of nations, aimed at significantly reducing or removing trade barriers within the member states. Regional trade blocs are formed by neighbouring countries or countries that are in close proximity to each other. The two key features of a trade bloc is that (1) it involves a cutback or abolition of obstacles to trade, and (2) the trade liberalisation that is attained through the trade bloc is discriminatory in purview of the fact that it is applicable only to the member states of the trade bloc and non-member countries are shown prejudice in their dealings with members of the trade bloc. The first aspect of trade blocs above is in line with the mission of the World trade Organisation (WTO) and its antecedent, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The principle of Non-discrimination under the GATT stipulates that no member state shall show prejudice between GATT members during the operations of world trade. In the same magnitude, the WTO offers an environment for negotiating agreements that are focused on reducing barriers to international trade and making sure that trade is carried out on a basis of openness, thus contributing to economic growth as well as development. Notably, although trade blocs have different structures, they are premised on the same objective, that is, to lessen trade barriers among member states. The second aspect of trade blocs however seems to be in conflict with the motive of the GATT/WTO system. The preamble of the GATT is very clear on promoting non-discrimination in international trade by reinforcing the need for reciprocal and equally advantageous arrangements focused on substantial cutbacks in tariffs and other obstacles to trade and to the abolition of discriminatory treatment in international trade. Equally, under the WTO as well as under its predecessor, the GATT, trade discrimination is promoted through the use of the principles of the Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) that requires treatment of other people equally as pertains to trade and the principle of National Treatment which stipulates that foreigners and locals should be treated equally in trade matters. The above overview of regional trading blocs implies that different opinions can be stated regarding how trading blocs affect liberalisation of trade. [...]
Book Synopsis The Political Importance of Regional Trading Blocs by : Bart Kerremans
Download or read book The Political Importance of Regional Trading Blocs written by Bart Kerremans and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2000. This text addresses concerns about regional trade agreements. From a variety of political and economic angles, it explains the emergence of trade blocs, their internal policies and politics, and their effects on global trade. It does not provide sequential descriptions and analyses of each of the world's major trading blocs. The focus here is on a number of causal factors that help explain the emergence of trading blocs and the development of their relations to and effects on the multilateral trading system. In each chapter, attempts have been made to draw theoretical and case-based generalizations that may apply to other trade blocs than the used in the empirical analyses.
Book Synopsis Challenges to the Multilateral Trading System by : Marco Wagner
Download or read book Challenges to the Multilateral Trading System written by Marco Wagner and published by Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation investigates the efficiency of trade liberalization in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)/World Trade Organization (WTO) framework. The book analyzes the relationship between GATT/WTO and related international institutions, such as the Generalized System of Preferences and regional trade agreements. While the analyses are also based on theoretical models, the workhorse of the study is the well-known gravity model framework, in conjunction with vector auto-regressive analysis. The various analyses highlight the role of GATT/WTO as an important player in global trade: a) GATT/WTO has a substantial promoting effect on international trade; b) trade promotion of developing countries should best be served by GATT/WTO, rather than by preferential schemes under the Generalized System of Preferences; and c) GATT/WTO is not undermined by the proliferation of regional trade agreements - rather regional trade agreements stimulate multilateral trade liberalization under GATT/WTO. Dissertation.
Book Synopsis Completing the GATT Uruguay Round by : Nicholas Hopkinson
Download or read book Completing the GATT Uruguay Round written by Nicholas Hopkinson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regional Trade Blocs and the GATT by : John Howard Jackson
Download or read book Regional Trade Blocs and the GATT written by John Howard Jackson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regionalism and the Multilateral Trading System by : OECD
Download or read book Regionalism and the Multilateral Trading System written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2003-07-09 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compares rule-making provisions in regional trade agreements with those of the WTO in ten specific areas: services, labour mobility, investment, competition policy, trade facilitation, government procurement, intellectual property rights, contingency protection, environment and rules of origin.
Book Synopsis Asian Free Trade Agreements And Wto Compatibility: Goods, Services, Trade Facilitation And Economic Cooperation by : Shintaro Hamanaka
Download or read book Asian Free Trade Agreements And Wto Compatibility: Goods, Services, Trade Facilitation And Economic Cooperation written by Shintaro Hamanaka and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-01-13 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is an appropriate time to rethink the relationship between trade regionalism and multilateralism in the Asian context as we witness the proliferation of free trade agreements (FTAs) in Asia. In the 1980s and 1990s, many scholars and policymakers believed that Asian integration was market-based, rather than legal-based, and that Asian integration would never be codified through agreements. Yet today, there are a large number of FTAs signed and under negotiation in Asia.This book investigates the appropriate relationship between regionalism and multilateralism, with a special reference to recent FTAs in Asia. It is undeniable that past trade multilateralism-regionalism debates centered on the trade-in-goods aspect. However, the majority of recent FTAs in Asia cover issues beyond trade-in-goods and tariff liberalization, such as trade facilitation, services, and economic cooperation. While the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Article XXIV governs regional integration initiatives in trade in goods, there is no (or at most a thin) World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement that stipulates the relationship between regionalism and multilateralism in issue areas other than goods.Thus, this study carefully considers the meaning of “WTO-compatible FTAs” by distinguishing “WTO consistency” and “WTO friendliness”, going beyond GATT Article XXIV debates and proposes a general framework for examining the openness of regionalism in various issue areas by identifying tree-type questions to distinguish several types of exclusiveness. It then specifically asks the following questions: Can Asian FTAs that cover several issues be considered multilateralism friendly? How does the relationship between regionalism and multilateralism differ between trade-in-goods and non-goods issue areas? What are policies that might reduce the exclusiveness of regional initiatives? The study concludes by listing counterintuitive policy suggestions to make FTAs truly WTO compatible. The book also includes a comprehensive list of FTAs in Asia and several WTO Agreements relating to trade regionalism.
Book Synopsis Challenges to Multilateral Trade by : Ross P. Buckley
Download or read book Challenges to Multilateral Trade written by Ross P. Buckley and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in multilateral negotiations to liberalize trade under the World Trade Organization (WTO) has become more difficult since newer members are generally developing countries with different interests than the United States, the European Union and other industrialized countries. More than 250 free trade agreements (FTAs) have come into effect since 1948. Partly as a result of the WTO impasse, over 130 FTAs have been ratified just in the past ten years; each agreement has been designed to eliminate trade restrictions and subsidies between the parties involved. Almost all of the WTO Members participate in one or more FTAs (some Members are party to twenty or more). Most books on FTAs are country- or region-specific, while others deal with the subject from a particular perspective. This timely work, produced by some of the world's leading experts in their respective fields, employs a broader approach exploring FTAs from the interdisciplinary perspectives of international law, political economy, culture and human rights
Book Synopsis Mega-Regional Trade Agreements by : Thilo Rensmann
Download or read book Mega-Regional Trade Agreements written by Thilo Rensmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth analysis of "Mega-Regionals", the new generation of trans-regional free-trade agreements (FTAs) currently under negotiation, and their effect on the future of international economic law. The main focus centres on the EU-US Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), but the findings are also applicable to similar agreements under negotiation, such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).The specific features of Mega-Regional Trade Agreements raise a number of issues with respect to their potential effect on the current system of international trade and investment law. These include the consequences of Mega-Regionals for the most-favoured-nation (MFN) principle, their relation to the multilateral system of the World Trade Organization (WTO), their democratic legitimacy and their interaction with existing bilateral investment treaties (BITs).The book is intended for academics and practitioners working in the field of international economic law.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Regional Trading Arrangements by : Richard W. T. Pomfret
Download or read book The Economics of Regional Trading Arrangements written by Richard W. T. Pomfret and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regionalism became a major issue in international commercial diplomacy during the 1990s. The European Union's 1992 program, the formation of NAFTA, and attempts to form or strengthen regional trading arrangements in South America, southern Africa, and Southeast Asia were all viewed as challenges to the nondiscrimination principle that had been the cornerstone of the postwar international trading system. This book provides a unified analysis of policies which discriminate among trading partners, featuring ample treatments of both history and theory as well as a review of empirical studies.
Book Synopsis Regional and Multilateral Trade in Developing Countries by : Shahid Ahmed
Download or read book Regional and Multilateral Trade in Developing Countries written by Shahid Ahmed and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2020-11-29 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides fresh insights into the theory and policy of regional and multilateral trade from the perspective of developing countries. With the collapse of talks at the WTO Doha round, regionalism has proliferated in the form of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs). This in turn has raised a number of critical issues in global trade policy debate. Given the implication of RTAs and WTO negotiations on economic development, the book emphasises that it is essential to examine the macro and micro effects of international trade flows on welfare, revenue, poverty and environment, particularly in the light of diversities, heterogeneities and limited financial capacity of developing countries. It discusses various issues of trade, investment, poverty, gender and legal dimensions in the regional and multilateral framework and is a useful guide to formulation of trade and economic policies for the benefit of developing countries. The book will be of primary interest to those in economics, commerce and management, and will be a useful reference for alternative research in this area.
Book Synopsis The regionalisation of the world trade system and the influence on the WTO by : Stefan Groitl
Download or read book The regionalisation of the world trade system and the influence on the WTO written by Stefan Groitl and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-12-21 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich Politik - Sonstige Themen zur Internationalen Politik, Note: 1,7, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: The World Trade Organisation (WTO) is “the hub of an international political system under which governments agree to accept commonly negotiated and enforced rules to govern world trade” (Oatley, 2008, 23). It offers a stable system for governments to achieve their goals in the world trade. Its scope extended in the last years and this contains a lot of problems. One good example is the General Agreement on Trade in Services, briefly GATS. During the last decades, international trade in services has grown more rapidly than trade with manufactured goods (Oatley, 2008, 35). Therefore the demand of regulation increased and is now discussed since the Uruguay Round, which started 1986 (Oatley, 2008, 26). Other examples are agriculture, intellectual property rights or competition policy. This development contains a lot of capabilities, but it leads to prolonged discussion rounds like we see at the Doha Conference. The reason is a growing conflict of interests between industrial and emerging countries. An agreement within the WTO, where unanimity has to be achieved, is getting more and more difficult. That is one of the reasons why a lot of countries prefer regional trade agreements. These agreements often extend into areas of domestic disciplines or cover service sectors. Thus they regulate more than only tariff concessions. First this paper gives an overview what Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) are exactly, then it describes the different existing forms following the chances and risks of the current development. Then the importance of RTAs for the WTO is resolved and if the WTO should encourage them?
