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Regional Inequality And Decentralization
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Book Synopsis Decentralization and Regional Disparities by : LI MENG
Download or read book Decentralization and Regional Disparities written by LI MENG and published by American Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-02-15 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decentralization as a method for tackling regional disparities has been implemented in countries throughout the world in the last two decades. Some scholars have noticed that decentralization is a multi-dimensional concept. However, there is still no consensus about the dimensions’ selection. In this book, based on the measurable and comparable principles, the relationships between three dimensions of fiscal, administrative and welfare decentralization are considered, and the evolution of regional inequalities in OECD countries and in China are explored. Economic data of 26 OECD countries (17 relatively rich countries, and 9 relatively poor ones) during the period from 1996 to 2009 was used to formulate regression models. It was found that fiscal decentralization, especially the decentralizing of tax authorities in relatively backward countries, has been associated with a significant rise in regional disparities. Moreover, according to the statistical results for the countries in the sample, welfare centralization and suitable local government size can lead to a reduction in regional disparities. In the case of China, data analysis and institutional one were paired in order to assess the dynamic relationships between decentralization and regional disparities (from the three dimensions mentioned above). An unstable, nonstandard and asymmetrical fiscal decentralization system directly results in regional disparities, which can be strengthened by a highly decentralized public service delivery system. In addition, rigid government size, segmented government structures and ‘yardstick’ competition mechanisms (used for creating competition among local governments) hinder coordination and cooperation in and among regions, and further exacerbate regional disparities.
Book Synopsis Regional Inequality and Decentralization by : Christian Lessmann
Download or read book Regional Inequality and Decentralization written by Christian Lessmann and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fiscal Decentralization and Regional Inequality in Present Day China by : Qing Sun
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization and Regional Inequality in Present Day China written by Qing Sun and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays on Regional Inequality, Decentralization, and Development by : Kiran Gajwani
Download or read book Essays on Regional Inequality, Decentralization, and Development written by Kiran Gajwani and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Great Divide: Regional Inequality and Fiscal Policy by : William Gbohoui
Download or read book The Great Divide: Regional Inequality and Fiscal Policy written by William Gbohoui and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-05-02 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing regional inequality within countries has raised the perception that “some places and people” are left behind. This has prompted a shift toward inward-looking policies and away from pro-growth reforms. This paper presents novel stylized facts on regional inequality for OECD countries. It shows that regional disparity in per-capita GDP is large (even after adjusting for regional price differences), persistent, and widening over time. The paper also finds that rising nationwide income inequality is associated with both rising within-region income inequality and widening average income across regions. The rise in inequality is related to declining incentives for interregional labor mobility, especially for poor households in lagging regions, which are estimated to reduce by as much as one-third in the United States. Against these facts, the paper proposes a framework to identify whether, how and by whom fiscal policies can be used to tackle regional inequality. It outlines conditions under which those policies should be spatially-targeted and illustrates how they can be complementary to conventional means-testing methods in mitigating income inequality.
Book Synopsis Decentralization and Local Development in South East Europe by : W. Bartlett
Download or read book Decentralization and Local Development in South East Europe written by W. Bartlett and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-02-21 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decentralisation is changing the face of South East Europe. This book provides practical analysis of the devolutionary measures reshaping post-Communist economies. Using case studies from Croatia, the former Yugoslavia, Albania and more, this collection offers valuable insights into political and fiscal redistribution.
Book Synopsis Income Inequality, Regional Disparities, and Fiscal Decentralization in Industrialized Countries by : Agnese Sacchi
Download or read book Income Inequality, Regional Disparities, and Fiscal Decentralization in Industrialized Countries written by Agnese Sacchi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regional Development in the Era of Decentralization by : Indonesian Regional Science Association. International Conference
Download or read book Regional Development in the Era of Decentralization written by Indonesian Regional Science Association. International Conference and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regional Disparities and Fiscal Federalism in Russia by : Oksana Dynnikova
Download or read book Regional Disparities and Fiscal Federalism in Russia written by Oksana Dynnikova and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines how regional disparities have evolved in Russia and how Russia’s system of intergovernmental fiscal relations is managing these disparities. Regional disparities have fallen over the past two decades but remain relatively high. Socioeconomic outcomes remain worse in lagging regions despite faster growth and convergence in income levels. The twin shocks of COVID-19 and lower oil prices appear to have impacted richer regions disproportionately. Compared to other large countries with federal systems of government, Russia stands out with its high reliance on direct taxes as a revenue source for its regions. Transfers from the federal budget to the regions provide some redistribution by reducing the dispersion in real per capita fiscal spending, but also tend to be associated with lower growth. The Russian fiscal system offers degrees of redistribution and risk sharing of around 26 and 18 percent, respectively—with in-kind social transfers contributing the most. Finally, federal transfers in the aggregate tend to be procyclical and are also fairly unresponsive to shocks to regions’ own revenues.
Book Synopsis Regional Inequality in China by : Shenggen Fan
Download or read book Regional Inequality in China written by Shenggen Fan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-04 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As regional inequality looms large in the policy debate in China, this volume brings together a selection of papers from authors whose work has had real impact on policy, so that researchers and policy makers can have access to them in one place.
Book Synopsis Decentralisation and Regional Development by : Eva Dick
Download or read book Decentralisation and Regional Development written by Eva Dick and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-15 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes decentralisation, regional development paths and success factors in different governance sectors in Ghana, the Philippines, Tanzania and Chile, and discuss overarching aspects of relevance. Decentralisation, which refers to the delegation of administrative responsibilities, political decision-making and fiscal powers to lower levels of government, is now considered one of the most efficient engines of development. In Sub-Saharan Africa decentralised states have made more progress in reducing poverty than those states with lower decentralisation scores. But in many countries, decentralisation is still considered a ‘work in progress’ with unsatisfactory results. From a spatial point of view, the link between decentralisation and regional and district development is particularly interesting. Both in the North and in the South, regional or district development is seen as holding the potential for advancing social and economic development, and even more so in decentralised political settings. Space-based networks at the regional or district level are considered instrumental for responding to locally specific challenges, e.g. in areas lagging behind economically.
Book Synopsis How Does Fiscal Decentralization Affect Within-Regional Disparities in Well-Being? Evidence from Health Inequalities in Italy by : Cinzia Di Novi
Download or read book How Does Fiscal Decentralization Affect Within-Regional Disparities in Well-Being? Evidence from Health Inequalities in Italy written by Cinzia Di Novi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper aims at investigating empirically the impact of fiscal decentralization reforms on inequality in well-being. In particular, we look at the effects on health inequalities following the assignment of larger tax power to the Italian Regions for financing their health expenditure, starting from the end of the Nineties. Exploiting large differences in the size of the tax base across Regions, we find that fiscal decentralization processes that attribute a greater tax power to lower government tiers, besides reducing inefficiencies of healthcare policies, seem to be effective in reducing also within-regional disparities in health outcomes. However, the degree of economic development - on which depends the actual fiscal autonomy from Central government - significantly affects the effectiveness of these reforms and highlights the importance to take properly into account the specific features of the context where the decentralization of power is implemented.
Book Synopsis Income Inequality, Fiscal Decentralization and Transfer Dependency by : Caroline-Antonia Goerl
Download or read book Income Inequality, Fiscal Decentralization and Transfer Dependency written by Caroline-Antonia Goerl and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-04-16 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the context of reigniting post crisis macroeconomic growth, income inequality has emerged as a topic of significant interest for both academics and policymakers (Bastagli, Coady, and Gupta, 2012) This study builds on past literature on fiscal decentralization suggesting that redistribution is most effectively carried out at sub-central levels of government. Using the IMF’s multi-sector Government Finance Statistics Yearbook database, this paper tests the impact of decentralized redistribution on income inequality for a globally representative sample of countries since 1980. The findings suggest that the decentralization of government expenditure can help achieve a more equal distribution of income. However, several conditions need to be fulfilled: i) the government sector needs to be sufficiently large, ii) decentralization should be comprehensive, including redistributive government spending, and, iii) decentralization on the expenditure side should be accompanied by adequate decentralization on the revenue side, such that subnational governments rely primarily on their own revenue sources as opposed to intergovernmental transfers.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Decentralization and Political Centralization in China - Implications for Regional Inequality by : Xiaobo Zhang
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization and Political Centralization in China - Implications for Regional Inequality written by Xiaobo Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While, politically speaking, China has a centralized government structure with strong top-down mandates, under the country's current fiscal system, local governments are responsible for providing most local public goods and services. Large differences in economic structures and revenue bases exist, however, causing the implicit tax rate and fiscal burdens in support of local government functions to vary significantly across jurisdictions. Regions initially endowed with a broader non-farm tax base do not need to rely heavily on new and existing firms to finance public goods provision, which creates a healthy investment environment in support of non-farm sector growth. In contrast, local governments in regions where agriculture is the major economic activity spend the majority of their resources on their own operating costs, leaving little for public investment. Because of the relatively high transaction costs associated with collecting taxes from the agricultural sector, local governments tend to levy the existing non-farm sector heavily, thereby greatly inhibiting its growth. As a result, regional differences in economic structures and fiscal dependent burdens may translate into widening gaps in equality.
Book Synopsis The Politics and Economics of Regional Transfers by : Fabio Padovano
Download or read book The Politics and Economics of Regional Transfers written by Fabio Padovano and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Which programmes of income redistribution across jurisdictions are likely to be chosen in democratic countries and why? How does the degree of government centralization affect these choices? This book tries to answer these questions and others related to the issue of income redistribution across states and regions.
Book Synopsis Fifty Years of Regional Inequality in China by : S. M. Ravi Kanbur
Download or read book Fifty Years of Regional Inequality in China written by S. M. Ravi Kanbur and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dangers of Decentralization by : Remy Prud'homme
Download or read book Dangers of Decentralization written by Remy Prud'homme and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demand for decentralization is strong in most parts of the world. This close look at the negative side effects of improperly appled decentralization is not an attack on decentralization but an effort to prevent its misapplication -- and to promote fuller understanding and wiser use of this potentially desirable policy.
