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Regional Carbon Balance
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Book Synopsis A Contemporary Carbon Balance for the Northeast Region of the United States by : Xiaolang Lu
Download or read book A Contemporary Carbon Balance for the Northeast Region of the United States written by Xiaolang Lu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of regional policies to reduce net emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) would benefit from the quantification of the major components of the region's carbon balance fossil fuel CO2 emissions and net fluxes between land ecosystems and the atmosphere. Through spatially detailed inventories of fossil fuel CO2 emissions and a terrestrial biogeochemistry model, we produce the first estimate of regional carbon balance for the Northeast United States between 2001 and 2005. Our analysis reveals that the region was a net carbon source of 259 Tg C/yr over this period. Carbon sequestration by land ecosystems across the region, mainly forests, compensated for about 6% of the region's fossil fuel emissions. Actions that reduce fossil fuel CO2 emissions are key to improving the region's carbon balance. Careful management of forested lands will be required to protect their role as a net carbon sink and a provider of important ecosystem services such as water purification, erosion control, wildlife habitat and diversity, and scenic landscapes.
Book Synopsis The Carbon Balance of Forest Biomes by : Howard Griffith
Download or read book The Carbon Balance of Forest Biomes written by Howard Griffith and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2004-08-15 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Carbon Balance of Forest Biomes provides an informed synthesis on the current status of forests and their future potential for carbon sequestration. This volume is timely, since convincing models which scale from local to regional carbon fluxes are needed to support these international agreements, whilst criticisms have been levelled at existing empirical approaches. One key question is to determine how well eddy-flux measurements at the stand-level represent regional-scale processes. This may be related to specific management practices (age, plantation, fertilisation) or simple bias in choosing representative sites (ease of access, roughness, proximity to physical barriers). The ecology and regeneration state of temperate, tropical and boreal forests under current climatic conditions are discussed, together with partitioning of photosynthetic and respiratory fluxes from soils and vegetation. The volume considers how to integrate contrasting methodologies, and the latest approaches for scaling from stand to the planetary boundary layer.
Book Synopsis Regional Carbon Balance by : Panagiotis Kountouris
Download or read book Regional Carbon Balance written by Panagiotis Kountouris and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long term observations of atmospheric greenhouse gas measuring stations improve our understanding of greenhouse gas sources and sinks. These dry mole fraction measurements can be linked to surface fluxes by atmospheric transport inversions. In the framework of ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observation System), more observing stations are to be deployed within the European domain. A quantitative network design study is required to perform this optimization and to assess potential observing networks. A regional inverse modeling framework was set up that derives biosphere-atmosphere exchange fluxes at regional scales using CO2 measurements from tall towers, and ground stations. The modeling framework consists of the following components: the global transport model TM3, the regional Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model (STILT), the Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (VPRM), gridded emissions from fossil fuel burning, ocean-atmosphere exchange fluxes, and a Bayesian inversion scheme. This thesis first studies the flux error structure, and explains how these uncertainties are distributed spatially and temporally. Fluxes from three biosphere models were used and compared against flux observations from 53 Eddy covariance flux towers and from an aircraft campaign. Spatial and temporal autocorrelations of the daily model-data flux residuals were approximated by an exponentially decay error model. This flux error information is implemented in the inversion system. A synthetic experiment was performed using two different biosphere models, one to produce the a-priori flux field, and the other to provide fluxes that served as a "known truth". This experiment allows to quantitatively assess the system's ability to correct fluxes at different spatial and temporal scales. A network design study is conducted, using different network configurations for ICOS current and future stations, evaluating the uncertainty reduction on the terrestrial fluxes.
Book Synopsis Analysis of the Regional Carbon Balance of Pacific Northwest Forests Under Changing Climate, Disturbance, and Management for Bioenergy by : Tara W. Hudiburg
Download or read book Analysis of the Regional Carbon Balance of Pacific Northwest Forests Under Changing Climate, Disturbance, and Management for Bioenergy written by Tara W. Hudiburg and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been steadily increasing from anthropogenic energy production, development and use. Carbon cycling in the terrestrial biosphere, particularly forest ecosystems, has an important role in regulating atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide. US West coast forest management policies are being developed to implement forest bioenergy production while reducing risk of catastrophic wildfire. Modeling and understanding the response of terrestrial ecosystems to changing environmental conditions associated with energy production and use are primary goals of global change science. Coupled carbon-nitrogen ecosystem process models identify and predict important factors that govern long term changes in terrestrial carbon stores or net ecosystem production (NEP). By quantifying and reducing uncertainty in model estimates using existing datasets, this research provides a solid scientific foundation for evaluating carbon dynamics under conditions of future climate change and land management practices at local and regional scales. Through the combined use of field observations, remote sensing data products, and the NCAR CESM/CLM4-CN coupled carbon-climate model, the objectives of this project were to 1) determine the interactive effects of changing environmental factors (i.e. increased CO2, nitrogen deposition, warming) on net carbon uptake in temperate forest ecosystems and 2) predict the net carbon emissions of West Coast forests under future climate scenarios and implementation of bioenergy programs. West Coast forests were found to be a current strong carbon sink after accounting for removals from harvest and fire. Net biome production (NBP) was 26 ± 3 Tg C yr−1, an amount equal to 18% of Washington, Oregon, and California fossil fuel emissions combined. Modeling of future conditions showed increased net primary production (NPP) because of climate and CO2 fertilization, but was eventually limited by nitrogen availability, while heterotrophic respiration (R[subscript h]) continued to increase, leading to little change in net ecosystem production (NEP). After accounting for harvest removals, management strategies which increased harvest compared to business-as-usual (BAU) resulted in decreased NBP. Increased harvest activity for bioenergy did not reduce short- or long-term emissions to the atmosphere regardless of the treatment intensity or product use. By the end of the 21st century, the carbon accumulated in forest regrowth and wood product sinks combined with avoided emissions from fossil fuels and fire were insufficient to offset the carbon lost from harvest removals, decomposition of wood products, associated harvest/transport/manufacturing emissions, and bioenergy combustion emissions. The only scenario that reduced carbon emissions compared to BAU over the 90 year period was a 'No Harvest' scenario where NBP was significantly higher than BAU for most of the simulation period. Current and future changes to baseline conditions that weaken the forest carbon sink may result in no change to emissions in some forest types.
Book Synopsis Integrating Remote Sensing, Field Observations, and Models to Understand Disturbance and Climate Effects on the Carbon Balance of the West Coast U.S. by :
Download or read book Integrating Remote Sensing, Field Observations, and Models to Understand Disturbance and Climate Effects on the Carbon Balance of the West Coast U.S. written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GOAL: To develop and apply an approach to quantify and understand the regional carbon balance of the west coast states for the North American Carbon Program. OBJECTIVE: As an element of NACP research, the proposed investigation is a two pronged approach that derives and evaluates a regional carbon (C) budget for Oregon, Washington, and California. Objectives are (1) Use multiple data sources, including AmeriFlux data, inventories, and multispectral remote sensing data to investigate trends in carbon storage and exchanges of CO2 and water with variation in climate and disturbance history; (2) Develop and apply regional modeling that relies on these multiple data sources to reduce uncertainty in spatial estimates of carbon storage and NEP, and relative contributions of terrestrial ecosystems and anthropogenic emissions to atmospheric CO2 in the region; (3) Model terrestrial carbon processes across the region, using the Biome-BGC terrestrial ecosystem model, and an atmospheric inverse modeling approach to estimate variation in rate and timing of terrestrial uptake and feedbacks to the atmosphere in response to climate and disturbance. APPROACH: In performing the regional analysis, the research plan for the bottom-up approach uses a nested hierarchy of observations that include AmeriFlux data (i.e., net ecosystem exchange (NEE) from eddy covariance and associated biometric data), intermediate intensity inventories from an extended plot array partially developed from the PI's previous research, Forest Service FIA and CVS inventory data, time since disturbance, disturbance type, and cover type from Landsat developed in this study, and productivity estimates from MODIS algorithms. The BIOME-BGC model is used to integrate information from these sources and quantify C balance across the region. The inverse modeling approach assimilates flux data from AmeriFlux sites, high precision CO2 concentration data from AmeriFlux towers and four new calibrated CO2 sites, reanalysis meteorology and various remote sensing products to generate statewide estimates of biosphere carbon exchange from the atmospheric point of view.
Book Synopsis The Carbon Balance of Forest Biomes by : Howard Griffiths
Download or read book The Carbon Balance of Forest Biomes written by Howard Griffiths and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integrating Remote Sensing, Field Observations, and Models to Understand Disturbance and Climate Effects on the Carbon Balance of the West Coast U.S., Final Report by :
Download or read book Integrating Remote Sensing, Field Observations, and Models to Understand Disturbance and Climate Effects on the Carbon Balance of the West Coast U.S., Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As an element of NACP research, the proposed investigation is a two pronged approach that derives and evaluates a regional carbon (C) budget for Oregon, Washington, and California. Objectives are (1) Use multiple data sources, including AmeriFlux data, inventories, and multispectral remote sensing data to investigate trends in carbon storage and exchanges of CO2 and water with variation in climate and disturbance history; (2) Develop and apply regional modeling that relies on these multiple data sources to reduce uncertainty in spatial estimates of carbon storage and NEP, and relative contributions of terrestrial ecosystems and anthropogenic emissions to atmospheric CO2 in the region; (3) Model terrestrial carbon processes across the region, using the Biome-BGC terrestrial ecosystem model, and an atmospheric inverse modeling approach to estimate variation in rate and timing of terrestrial uptake and feedbacks to the atmosphere in response to climate and disturbance.
Book Synopsis The Carbon Balance from an Atmospheric Perspective by : Lieselotte Fransje Tolk
Download or read book The Carbon Balance from an Atmospheric Perspective written by Lieselotte Fransje Tolk and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251362335 Total Pages :200 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis Ex-Ante Carbon balance Tool by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Ex-Ante Carbon balance Tool written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2022-06-09 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document presents the methodology used to build the EX-Ante Carbon Balance Tool version 9 (EX-ACT). It describes in detail the main logic behind the tool, the tool structure, and the underlying equations and parameters used to calculate the carbon balance. EX-ACT is a land-use-based accounting system developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to evaluate the effects of the interventions in agriculture on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and carbon stock changes expressed as carbon balance. The carbon balance comprises changes in GHG emissions and carbon stock changes in the five quantifiable carbon pools: above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, litter, deadwood and soil. The current version of EX-ACT is primarily based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports "Refinement to the 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories" (2019) and "Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands" (2014), complemented by other scientific research.
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251300089 Total Pages :31 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis Ex-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT) by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Ex-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT) written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complementing the longer EX-ACT User Manual, this guide provides an overview of the Ex-Ante Carbon-balance Tool, a land-based accounting system that prioritizes project activities with the greatest economic benefits and potential for climate change mitigation.
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251301158 Total Pages :30 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool for coastal wetlands, fisheries and aquaculture management by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool for coastal wetlands, fisheries and aquaculture management written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual explains how to use the EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool known as “EX-ACT” to estimate the impacts of management activities in coastal wetlands, aquaculture and fisheries on projects GHG balance. EX-ACT enables investment planners to design program activities that target high return outcomes in terms of climate change mitigation, and is intended to complement conventional ex-ante economic analysis.
Book Synopsis Carbon Balance and Management by : Quan Cui
Download or read book Carbon Balance and Management written by Quan Cui and published by Delve Publishing. This book was released on 2019-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Balance And Management makes the readers familiar with the global carbon cycle and the carbon sequestration potential on agricultural lands. It talks about understanding the balance of carbon and greenhouse gases. It provides the insights into the various aspects related to the balance of carbon in the ecosystem and its management so that the readers can know more about the carbon balance and related things. This book also discusses about measuring and managing carbon emissions of the European chemical transport, the balance of carbon in Africa, the climate change resulting from the carbon emission, the effects of carbon tax on the environment and economy and the chemistry of carbon cycle.
Book Synopsis Soil Management and Climate Change by : Maria Angeles Munoz
Download or read book Soil Management and Climate Change written by Maria Angeles Munoz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Management and Climate Change: Effects on Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Dynamics, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions provides a state of the art overview of recent findings and future research challenges regarding physical, chemical and biological processes controlling soil carbon, nitrogen dynamic and greenhouse gas emissions from soils. This book is for students and academics in soil science and environmental science, land managers, public administrators and legislators, and will increase understanding of organic matter preservation in soil and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Given the central role soil plays on the global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and its impact on greenhouse gas emissions, there is an urgent need to increase our common understanding about sources, mechanisms and processes that regulate organic matter mineralization and stabilization, and to identify those management practices and processes which mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, helping increase organic matter stabilization with suitable supplies of available N. Provides the latest findings about soil organic matter stabilization and greenhouse gas emissions Covers the effect of practices and management on soil organic matter stabilization Includes information for readers to select the most suitable management practices to increase soil organic matter stabilization
Book Synopsis Effects of the Land Use Type and Land Use Change on Carbon Storage and Regional Estimation of Carbon Balance in the North China Plain by : Xiaoning Zhao
Download or read book Effects of the Land Use Type and Land Use Change on Carbon Storage and Regional Estimation of Carbon Balance in the North China Plain written by Xiaoning Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Balancing Greenhouse Gas Budgets by : Benjamin Poulter
Download or read book Balancing Greenhouse Gas Budgets written by Benjamin Poulter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-05-09 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Balancing Greenhouse Gas Budgets: Accounting for Natural and Anthropogenic Flows of CO2 and other Trace Gases provides a synthesis of greenhouse gas budgeting activities across the world. Organized in four sections, including background, methods, case studies and opportunities, it is an interdisciplinary book covering both science and policy. All environments are covered, from terrestrial to ocean, along with atmospheric processes using models, inventories and observations to give a complete overview of greenhouse gas accounting. Perspectives presented give readers the tools necessary to understand budget activities, think critically, and use the framework to carry out initiatives. Written by a combination of experts across career stages, presenting an integrated perspective for graduate students and professionals alike Includes sections authored by those involved in both early and later IPCC assessments Provides an interdisciplinary resource that spans many topics and methodologies in oceanic, land and atmospheric processes
Book Synopsis Forest Management for Climate Change Mitigation - Modeling of Forestry Options, Their Impact on the Regional Carbon Balance and Implications for a Future Climate Protocol by :
Download or read book Forest Management for Climate Change Mitigation - Modeling of Forestry Options, Their Impact on the Regional Carbon Balance and Implications for a Future Climate Protocol written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fourth Assessment Report issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on February 2, 2007 identified more clearly then any other Assessment Report that the observed increase in global average temperatures during the last half century is due to the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs). To avoid global warming that goes beyond 2 degrees above preindustrial levels, besides emission reduction other mitigation strategies have to be developed. The terrestrial biosphere already absorbs approximately one third of annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Among others, forest management is a major contributing process. This thesis explored the impact of past and present management on the forest C stocks and fluxes and quantified the potential for climate change mitigation. The basic technical structure of the thesis splits into four issues: a) Development of a forest management model (Chapter Two), comprising the review of existing approaches of forest management carbon modeling, description of important processes that have to be considered in the design of such a model and formulation of algorithms. b) Application of the model to plot level (Chapter Three), comparing management options on a hectare basis neglecting area information and an evaluation of model uncertainty and sensitivities related to uncertain parameters (Chapter Four). c) Theoretical analysis of landscape level processes leading to carbon sinks and sources contrasted with accounting rules to incorporate them in a climate policy framework. (Chapter Five) d) Comparison of model scenarios with different assumptions on future management change and initial conditions to quantify potentials for mitigation and factor out drivers on landscape level (Chapter Four, Five and Six). The model FORMICA (FORest Management Impact on Carbon dynamics) is a dynamic inventory-based carbon tracking model. It aims to calculate carbon pool trajectories under current and changing forest management in exist.
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251099464 Total Pages :70 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (51 download)
Book Synopsis EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool for value chains (EX-ACT VC) by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool for value chains (EX-ACT VC) written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guidance presents details on how to use the EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool for Value Chain (EX-ACT VC), with the aim of providing a multi-impact appraisal in terms of socio-economic and environmental assessment for value chain analysis. Following the EX-ACT logic, EX-ACT VC compares the environmental and socio-economic performances of current value chains with those of an improved scenario (applicable to different degrees of the chain), based on the analysis of agricultural production, land use changes, processing, transport and climate resilience. EX-ACT VC has been developed for all types of agricultural sectors (which include here fisheries and livestock) that have the potential to mitigate the effects of climate change and to develop the resilience of rural populations that are dependent on them. The tool targets value chains in developing countries for single or more complex sectors, taking into account several agricultural practices and one end-type specific to a region or area.
