Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Regeneration Of A Spent Catalyst Using A Spouted Bed full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Regeneration Of A Spent Catalyst Using A Spouted Bed ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author : Saad Younis Jasim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (52 download)
Download or read book Regeneration of a Spent Catalyst Using a Spouted Bed written by Saad Younis Jasim and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Farid M. Gumerov
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781634843102
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (431 download)
Download or read book Regeneration of Spent Catalyst and Impregnation of Catalyst by Supercritical Fluid written by Farid M. Gumerov and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2016 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A catalyst is a material of constant composition, which accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction by providing a suitable reaction pathway with the lowest activation energy. As the activation energy is lower, more reaction products are formed in the same period of time. Most catalytic reactions encountered in hydrocarbon processing are carried out with porous catalysts to provide a sufficient surface area for the metal dispersion and the ensuing reaction. These catalysts gradually lose their catalytic activity, usually through structural changes, poisoning, or the deposit of extraneous material. A catalyst which can no longer exhibit the necessary activity and/or is specificity required by the user is referred to as a "spent catalyst". Catalysts are critical to the chemical industry and are now used in most industrial chemical processes. Along with the rapid development and wide application of catalysis technology, the amounts of different spent catalysts are increased from year to year. The physical properties of spent catalysts, as well as their composition, are generally different from those of fresh catalysts. For example, spent hydrotreating catalysts contain metal sulfides and coke, and may have additional contaminants that were not present in the fresh catalyst. Catalyst regeneration involves the processing of spent catalysts in order to make them reusable. This is done by restoring the initial properties of spent catalysts and thus restoring their efficiency through a process called regeneration of catalysts. Traditional methods of vapor-air regeneration are energy-consuming and severely limit the number of regeneration cycles. Using supercritical fluid CO2-extraction process, according to some estimates, provides a two-fold energy savings and an increasing number of regeneration cycles possible. This book gathers a series of studies describing new methods for the regeneration of heterogeneous catalysts for important industrial chemical processes. In this book we propose new extraction techniques using supercritical fluid extraction (SFC), which seems to be one of the most promising as a green reaction medium. The feasibility of using supercritical fluid ?2 extraction process was investigated in particular for spent catalyst regeneration. The low regeneration temperature of supercritical carbon dioxide eliminates the risk of thermal deterioration of the catalyst (namely the collapse of the pores), prevents the reduction of the surface area and the sintering, and allows regeneration of catalysts with an activity close to that of fresh catalysts. The results of the implementation of the supercritical fluid ?2 extraction process with respect to samples of industrial deactivated catalysts are provided. A comparison of the characteristics of the regenerated catalyst samples by traditional approaches and the SC-CO2 extraction process is carried out. The possibility of using a supercritical fluid CO2 impregnation technique in the synthesis of a palladium catalyst is also studied.
Author : Daniel M. Schaeffer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (286 download)
Download or read book Regeneration of Spent Catalyst written by Daniel M. Schaeffer and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Meena Marafi
Publisher : Elsevier Science Limited
ISBN 13 : 9780444535566
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (355 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Spent Hydroprocessing Catalysts written by Meena Marafi and published by Elsevier Science Limited. This book was released on 2010 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook serves scientists and researchers interested in any aspect of spent hydroprocessing catalysts. Its aim is to assist in the analysis and assessment of refined catalyst byproducts and processing options, to determine whether spent catalysts can be processed into productive resources. For non-regenerable spent catalysts, the book takes into consideration both safety and ecological implications of utilizing landfill and other waste options. Provides comprehensive guidance and assistance to those making decisions on the fate of spent catalysts, radically improving strategic options for refining organisations Offers solutions that maximize procedural, regulatory, safety, and preparedness benefits Contains detailed information on hazardous characteristics of spent and regenerated catalysts with deployment recommendations, and acts as a benchmark document for establishing threshold limits of regulated species as well as for developing procedures for handling spent catalysts to ensure environmental acceptance
Author : Johannes Karl Fink
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119536391
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)
Download or read book Polymer Waste Management written by Johannes Karl Fink and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-08-28 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the huge amount of plastics floating in the oceans, fish and other sea creatures are directly suffering the consequences. On land, city leaders and planners are banning one-use plastics as well as plastic bags from grocery stores in an effort to stem the use. Many countries have made official announcements and warnings concerning the pollution caused from plastic wastes. These urgent developments have stimulated the author to study the problem and write Polymer Waste Management. Plastic recycling refers to a method that retrieves the original plastic material. However, there are many sophisticated methods available for the treatment and management of waste plastics such as basic primary recycling, where the materials are sorted and collected individually. In chemical recycling, the monomers and related compounds are processed by special chemical treatments. Other methods, such as pyrolysis, can produce fuels from waste plastics. These methods and others are treated comprehensively in the book This ground-breaking book also discusses: General aspects, such as amount of plastics production, types of waste plastics, analysis procedures for identification of waste plastic types, standards for waste treatment, contaminants in recycled plastics. Environmental aspects, such as pollution in the marine environment and landfills. The advantages of the use of bio-based plastics. Recycling methods for individual plastic types and special catalysts.
Author : Norman Epstein
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139492721
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)
Download or read book Spouted and Spout-Fluid Beds written by Norman Epstein and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-23 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the pioneering text by Mathur and Epstein over 35 years ago, much of the work on this subject has been extended or superseded, producing an enormous body of scattered literature. This edited volume unifies the subject, pulling material together and underpinning it with fundamental theory to produce the only complete, up-to-date reference on all major areas of spouted bed research and practice. With contributions from internationally renowned research groups, this book guides the reader through new developments, insights and models. The hydrodynamic and reactor models of spouted and spout-fluid beds are examined, as well as such topics as particle segregation, heat and mass transfer, mixing and scale-up. Later chapters focus on drying, particle-coating and energy-related applications based on spouted and spout-fluid beds. This is a valuable resource for chemical and mechanical engineers in research and industry.
Author : European Workshop Spent Catalysts: Recycling, Regeneration and Reuse 2002, Frankfurt, Main
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (175 download)
Download or read book European Workshop Spent Catalysts: Recycling, Regeneration and Reuse written by European Workshop Spent Catalysts: Recycling, Regeneration and Reuse 2002, Frankfurt, Main and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : M. Guisnet
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 1848166370
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (481 download)
Download or read book Deactivation and Regeneration of Zeolite Catalysts written by M. Guisnet and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In chemical processes, the progressive deactivation of solid catalysts is a major economic concern and mastering their stability has become as essential as controlling their activity and selectivity. For these reasons, there is a strong motivation to understand the mechanisms leading to any loss in activity and/or selectivity and to find out the efficient preventive measures and regenerative solutions that open the way towards cheaper and cleaner processes. This book covers in a comprehensive way both the fundamental and applied aspects of solid catalyst deactivation and encompasses the state-of-the-art in the field of reactions catalyzed by zeolites. This particular choice is justified by the widespread use of molecular sieves in refining, petrochemicals and organic chemicals synthesis processes, by the large variety in the nature of their active sites (acid, base, acid-base, redox, bifunctional) and especially by their peculiar features, in terms of crystallinity, structural order and textural properties, which make them ideal models for heterogeneous catalysis. The aim of this book is to be a critical review in the field of zeolite deactivation and regeneration, by collecting a series of contributions by experts in the field which describe the factors, explain the techniques to study the causes and suggest methods to prevent (or limit) catalyst deactivation. At the same time, an anthology of commercial processes and exemplar cases provides the reader with theoretical insights and practical hints on the deactivation mechanisms and draws attention to the key role played by the loss of activity on process design and industrial practice.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Current Awareness in Particle Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Spent Catalyst Processing with Electrochemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing concern for pollution prevention and waste disposal has created a need for clean alternatives for spent catalyst processing. In addition, expanded use of catalysts for the production of fuels and chemical feedstocks will continue in response to (1) economic pressure to upgrade heavier crudes and other feeds having high levels of impurities; (2) competitive pressure to achieve higher conversions using less energy; and (3) pressure to increase reaction selectivities to minimize waste production. While the incentives for using catalysts are great, all catalysts gradually lose activity through coking; poisoning by metals, sulfur, or halides; or loss of surface area from sintering at high process temperatures. Regeneration is possible where the catalyst deactivation can easily be reversed. Electrochemical dissolution is a new technique to oxidize catalyst contaminants and dissolve catalyst metals in an aqueous solution for further recovery of the raw materials. The key to this process is adding spent catalyst to a solution containing small amounts of species that form kinetically active, strongly oxidizing ions such as cerium(IV) or silver(II). The oxidizing ions are regenerated at the anode; they act in a catalytic manner carrying electrons from the solid surface to the anode of the electrochemical cell. A cerium oxidizer was used for the experiments described in this paper. For this procedure, solution is added to the anode side of an electrochemical cell. At the anode, aqueous cerium(III) is oxidized to cerium(IV). The cerium(IV), in turn, oxidizes organic material adhered to the catalyst to carbon dioxide and water. Many spent catalysts used in hydrogenations contain metal sulfides that have contaminated the catalyst surface during processing. Metal sulfides are oxidized to dissolved metal ions and sulfur species. Because cerium is continuously reoxidized to cerium(IV) at the anode, a small amount of cerium is needed to oxidize the spent catalyst.
Author : Munmaya Mishra
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351019414
Total Pages : 2954 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Polymer Applications, 3 Volume Set written by Munmaya Mishra and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 2954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Undoubtedly the applications of polymers are rapidly evolving. Technology is continually changing and quickly advancing as polymers are needed to solve a variety of day-to-day challenges leading to improvements in quality of life. The Encyclopedia of Polymer Applications presents state-of-the-art research and development on the applications of polymers. This groundbreaking work provides important overviews to help stimulate further advancements in all areas of polymers. This comprehensive multi-volume reference includes articles contributed from a diverse and global team of renowned researchers. It offers a broad-based perspective on a multitude of topics in a variety of applications, as well as detailed research information, figures, tables, illustrations, and references. The encyclopedia provides introductions, classifications, properties, selection, types, technologies, shelf-life, recycling, testing and applications for each of the entries where applicable. It features critical content for both novices and experts including, engineers, scientists (polymer scientists, materials scientists, biomedical engineers, macromolecular chemists), researchers, and students, as well as interested readers in academia, industry, and research institutions.
Author : Jianli Hu
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429663242
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)
Download or read book Direct Natural Gas Conversion to Value-Added Chemicals written by Jianli Hu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-09-25 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct Natural Gas Conversion to Value-Added Chemicals comprehensively discusses all major aspects of natural gas conversion and introduces a broad spectrum of recent technological developments. Specifically, the book describes heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis, microwave-assisted conversion, non-thermal plasma conversion, electrochemical conversion, and novel chemical looping conversion approaches. Provides an excellent benchmark resource for the industry and academics Appeals to experienced researchers as well as newcomers to the field, despite the variety of contributing authors and the complexity of the material covered Includes all aspects of direct natural gas conversion: fundamental chemistry, different routes of conversion, catalysts, catalyst deactivation, reaction engineering, novel conversion concepts, thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer issues, system design, and recent research and development Discusses new developments in natural gas conversion and future challenges and opportunities This book is as an excellent resource for advanced students, technology developers, and researchers in chemical engineering, industrial chemistry, and others interested in the conversion of natural gas.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 630 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Theoretical Chemical Engineering Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Patent Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office written by United States. Patent Office and published by . This book was released on 1946-02 with total page 1104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John M. Matsen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468410458
Total Pages : 612 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Fluidization written by John M. Matsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluidized beds have gained prominence in many process in dustries (including chemicals, petroleum, metallurgy, food and pharmaceuticals) as a means of bringing particulate solids into contact with gases and/or liquids. Many fluidized bed operations are physical in nature (e.g. drying, coating, classification, granulation, and rapid heat transfer as in quenching or annealing). Other operations involve chemical reactions including the cata lytic cracking of hydrocarbons, the manufacture of acry10nitrite and phthalic anhydride, the roasting of metallurgical ores, and the regeneration of spent catalysts. In recent years fluidized beds have been of special interest because of their potential as the central component in new processes for utilizing coal as a source of energy, notably in coal combustion and gasification processes. The fluidized bed offers a number of advantages over most other methods of contacting, in particular high rates of heat transfer, temperature uniformity and solids mobility. Among the disadvantages are particle losses by entrainment, attrition of solids, limited reactor efficiency due to gas bypassing and gas and solids backmixing, and difficulties in design and scale-up due to the complexity of fluidized beds. The International Fluidization Conference held in Henniker, New Hampshire, U.S.A. from 3-8 August 1980 was the fifth inter national congress devoted to the entire field of fluidization.
Author : Zhen Fang
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811527326
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)
Download or read book Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Pyrolysis written by Zhen Fang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a collection of studies on state-of-art techniques for converting biomass to chemical products by means of pyrolysis, which are widely applicable to the valorization of biomass. In addition to discussing the fundamentals and mechanisms for producing bio-oils, chemicals, gases and biochar using pyrolysis, it outlines key reaction parameters and reactor configurations for various types of biomass. Written by leading experts and providing a broad range of perspectives on cutting-edge applications, the book is a comprehensive reference guide for academic researchers and industrial engineers in the fields of natural renewable materials, biorefinery of lignocellulose, biofuels, and environmental engineering, and a valuable resource for university students in the fields of chemical engineering, material science and environmental engineering.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 660 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (126 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
