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Reforming Juvenile Justice

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309278937
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Juvenile Justice by : National Research Council

Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.

Reforming Juvenile Justice in America

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Juvenile Justice in America by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime

Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice in America written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reforming Juvenile Justice in America

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Juvenile Justice in America by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime

Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice in America written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reforming Juvenile Justice

Author : Dan Macallair
Publisher : Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Juvenile Justice by : Dan Macallair

Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by Dan Macallair and published by Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. This book was released on 1998 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Return to Justice

Author : Ashley Nellis
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1442227672
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis A Return to Justice by : Ashley Nellis

Download or read book A Return to Justice written by Ashley Nellis and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2015-12-14 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juveniles who commit crimes often find themselves in court systems that do not account for their young age, but it wasn’t always this way. The original aim of a separate juvenile justice system was to treat young offenders as the children they were, considering their unique child status and amenability for reform. Now, after years punishing young offenders as if they were adults, slowly the justice system is making changes that would allow the original vision for juvenile justice to finally materialize. In its original design, the founders focused on treating youth offenders separately from adults and with a different approach. The hallmarks of this approach appreciated the fact that youth cannot fully understand the consequences of their actions and are therefore worthy of reduced culpability. The original design for youth justice prioritized brief and confidential contact with the juvenile justice system, so as to avoid the stigma that would otherwise mar a youth’s chances for success upon release. Rehabilitation was seen as the priority, and efforts to redirect wayward youth were to be implemented when possible and appropriate. The original tenets of the juvenile justice system were slowly dismantled and replaced with a system more like the adult criminal justice system, one which takes no account of age. In recent years, the tide has turned again. The number of incarcerated youth has been cut in half nationally. In addition, juvenile justice practices are increasingly guided by scholarship in adolescent development that confirms important differences between youth and adults. And, states and localities are choosing to invest in evidence based approaches to juvenile crime prevention and intervention rather than in facilities to lock up errant youth. This book assesses the strategies and policies that have produced these important shifts in direction. Important contributing factors include the declining incidence of youth-committed crime, advances in adolescent brain science, nationwide budgetary concerns, focused advocacy with policymakers and practitioners, and successful public education campaigns that address extreme sanctions for youth such as solitary confinement and life sentences without the possibility of parole. Yet more needs to be done. The U.S. Supreme Court has recently voiced its unfaltering conclusion that children are different from adults in a series of landmark cases. The question now is how to take advantage of the opportunity for juvenile justice reform of the kind that would reorient the juvenile justice system to its original intent both in policy and practice, and would return to a system that treats children as children. Using case examples throughout, Nellis offers a compelling history and shows how we might continue on the road to reform.

Reforming Juvenile Justice

Author : Josine Junger-Tas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387892958
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (878 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Juvenile Justice by : Josine Junger-Tas

Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by Josine Junger-Tas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-29 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with a number of critical issue in juvenile justice that have not been dealt with in extenso before

Rights, Race, and Reform

Author : Kristin Henning
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351602543
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Rights, Race, and Reform by : Kristin Henning

Download or read book Rights, Race, and Reform written by Kristin Henning and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1962, a 15-year-old Arizona boy named Gerald Gault may or may not have made a lewd phone call to a neighbor. Gerald was arrested, prosecuted, removed from his parents’ custody, and sent to a juvenile prison, all without legal representation. Gerald’s mother’s outrage at the treatment of her son eventually propelled the case to the United States Supreme Court. With its sweeping 1967 decision in In re Gault, the Court revolutionized the American juvenile court system by finding that children charged with delinquency have a constitutional right to counsel. This anthology, which commemorates the fiftieth anniversary of the Gault decision, blends, across its three parts, legal and historical analyses, oral history, and personal narrative to provide an overview of modern Supreme Court juvenile justice jurisprudence, the advocates and organizations that defend children in juvenile court, the role these lawyers have played in the fight for justice for accused children, and the contemporary challenges facing juvenile defenders and their clients. The authors are leading juvenile justice reformers, advocates, and scholars, all of whom have been deeply involved in shaping modern juvenile justice policy and practice and most of whom have represented children in juvenile court. This book is for everyone concerned about justice in America. The personal narratives about children in the system will intrigue students and academics, engage lay individuals who are interested in children’s rights, and guide professionals, legislators, and other policymakers involved in juvenile justice reform and criminology.

Reforming Juvenile Justice

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309278902
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Juvenile Justice by : National Research Council

Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-06-22 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.

Juvenile Justice Reform Initiatives in the States, 1994-1996

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Juvenile Justice Reform Initiatives in the States, 1994-1996 by :

Download or read book Juvenile Justice Reform Initiatives in the States, 1994-1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reforming Juvenile Justice

Author : Committee on Assessing Juvenile Justice Reform
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309387262
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Juvenile Justice by : Committee on Assessing Juvenile Justice Reform

Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by Committee on Assessing Juvenile Justice Reform and published by . This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.

Reforming Juvenile Justice

Author : Josine Junger-Tas
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9780387893563
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (935 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Juvenile Justice by : Josine Junger-Tas

Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by Josine Junger-Tas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with a number of critical issue in juvenile justice that have not been dealt with in extenso before

Reforming Juvenile Detention

Author : Ira M. Schwartz
Publisher : Ohio State University Press
ISBN 13 : 0814206352
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (142 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Juvenile Detention by : Ira M. Schwartz

Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Detention written by Ira M. Schwartz and published by Ohio State University Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juvenile detention facilities confine more youths than do any other type of institution in the United States. Essentially jails for juveniles who have been arrested and are awaiting trial, these centers tend to be overcrowded, inadequately staffed, and expensive to operate. Juvenile justice officials and state and local policymakers throughout the country are desperately trying to determine the proper use of these facilities and, more important, how to bring detention systems under control. The eleven essays in this collection assess today's juvenile detention system, bringing to light problems and inefficiencies and suggesting strategies for improving conditions and eliminating these problems. The authors of these essays pull together data on national trends in detention policies and practices and examine specific cases to paint a grim picture of a system badly in need of reform. They also provide practical summaries of reform targets and strategies, and case studies of successful reform attempts, thus offering clear and much needed guidance toward possible solutions to the nation's juvenile detention crisis.

Reforming Juvenile Justice

Author : Josine Junger-Tas
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9780387892948
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (929 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Juvenile Justice by : Josine Junger-Tas

Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by Josine Junger-Tas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-06-16 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with a number of critical issue in juvenile justice that have not been dealt with in extenso before

A New Juvenile Justice System

Author : Nancy E. Dowd
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1479898805
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

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Book Synopsis A New Juvenile Justice System by : Nancy E. Dowd

Download or read book A New Juvenile Justice System written by Nancy E. Dowd and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New Juvenile Justice System aims at nothing less than a complete reform of the existing system: not minor change or even significant overhaul, but the replacement of the existing system with a different vision. The authors in this volume—academics, activists, researchers, and those who serve in the existing system—all respond in this collection to the question of what the system should be. Uniformly, they agree that an ideal system should be centered around the principle of child well-being and the goal of helping kids to achieve productive lives as citizens and members of their communities. Rather than the existing system, with its punitive, destructive, undermining effect and uneven application by race and gender, these authors envision a system responsive to the needs of youth as well as to the community’s legitimate need for public safety. How, they ask, can the ideals of equality, freedom, liberty, and self-determination transform the system? How can we improve the odds that children who have been labeled as “delinquent” can make successful transitions to adulthood? And how can we create a system that relies on proven, family-focused interventions and creates opportunities for positive youth development? Drawing upon interdisciplinary work as well as on-the-ground programs and experience, the authors sketch out the broad parameters of such a system. Providing the principles, goals, and concrete means to achieve them, this volume imagines using our resources wisely and well to invest in all children and their potential to contribute and thrive in our society.

Reforming Juvenile Justice in America

Author : Bill McCollum
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780756708825
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Juvenile Justice in America by : Bill McCollum

Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice in America written by Bill McCollum and published by . This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Witnesses: Richard Green, Dir., Crown Heights Youth Collective, Inc.; David Grossmann, Hamilton County Juvenile Court, Cincinnati, OH, & Past Pres., Nat. Council of Juvenile & Family Court Judges; Peter Jackson, Dir., Alliance of Concerned Men of Wash., DC; Eric Joy, Dir., Allegheny County Juvenile Court; Barbara O'Connor, Fed. Public Defender, Los Angeles, CA & Special Counsel, U.S. Sentencing Commission; Sgt. Roger Redd, Dir., Cumberland County Physical Training Program; David Walchak, Chief of Police, Concord, NH & Past Pres., International Assoc. of Chiefs of Police; & Patricia West, Sec. of Public Safety, Commonwealth of Virginia.

Reforming the Juvenile Justice System to Improve Children's Lives and Public Safety

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming the Juvenile Justice System to Improve Children's Lives and Public Safety by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor

Download or read book Reforming the Juvenile Justice System to Improve Children's Lives and Public Safety written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

American Juvenile Justice

Author : Franklin E. Zimring
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190914289
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis American Juvenile Justice by : Franklin E. Zimring

Download or read book American Juvenile Justice written by Franklin E. Zimring and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-12-21 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American Juvenile Justice is a definitive volume for courses on the criminology and policy analysis of adolescence. The focus is on the principles and policy of a separate and distinct system of juvenile justice. The book opens with an introduction of the creation of adolescence, presenting a justification for the category of the juvenile or a period of partial responsibility before full adulthood. Subsequent sections include empirical investigations of the nature of youth criminality and legal policy toward youth crime. At the heart of the book is an argument for a penal policy that recognizes diminished responsibility and a youth policy that emphasizes the benefits of letting the maturing process continue with minimal interruption. In this updated and expanded second edition, Zimring has included four new chapters with examinations on important topics including, US Supreme Court decisions of life sentences for minors, the elected use of juvenile courts over criminal court, punitive sex offender registration for juveniles, and appropriate tactics for juvenile justice reform.