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Referring Expressions In English And Japanese
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Book Synopsis Referring Expressions in English and Japanese by : Etsuko Yoshida
Download or read book Referring Expressions in English and Japanese written by Etsuko Yoshida and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published as the author's thesis (doctoral)--University of Edinburgh, 2008 under the title: Patterns of use of referring expressions in English and Japanese Dialogues.
Book Synopsis Patterns of Use of Referring Expressions in English and Japanese Dialogues by : Etsuko Yoshida
Download or read book Patterns of Use of Referring Expressions in English and Japanese Dialogues written by Etsuko Yoshida and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main aim of the thesis is to investigate how discourse entities are linked with topic chaining and discourse coherence by showing that the choice and the distribution of referring expressions is correlated with the center transition patterns in the centering framework. The thesis provides an integrated interpretation in understanding the behaviour of referring expressions in discourse by considering the relation between referential choice and the local and global coherence of discourse. The thesis has three stages: (1) to provide a semantic and pragmatic perspective in a contrastive study of referring expressions in English and Japanese spontaneous dialogues, (2) to analyse the way anaphoric and deictic expressions can contribute to discourse organisation in structuring and focusing the specific discourse segment, and (3) to investigate the choice and the distribution of referring expressions in the Map Task Corpus and to clarify the way the participants collaborate to judge the most salient entity in the current discourse against their common ground. Significantly, despite the grammatical differences in the form of reference between the two languages, the ways of discourse development in both data sets show distinctive similarities in the process by which the topic entities are introduced, established, and shifted away to the subsequent topic entities. Comparing and contrasting the choice and the distribution of referring expressions of the four different transition patterns of centers, the crucial factors of their correspondent relations between English and Japanese referring expressions are shown in the findings that the topic chains of noun phrases are constructed and are treated like proper names in discourse. This can suggest that full noun phrases play a major role when the topic entity is established in the course of discourse. Since the existing centering model cannot handle the topic chain of noun phrases in the anaphoric relations in terms of the local focus of discourse, centering must be integrated with a model of global focus to account for both pronouns and full noun phrases that can be used for continuations across segment boundaries. Based on Walker's cache model, I argue that the forms of anaphors are not always shorter, and the focus of attention is maintained by the chain of noun phrases rather than by (zero) pronouns both within a discourse segment and over discourse segment boundaries. These processes are predicted and likely to underlie other uses of language as well. The result can modify the existing perspectives that the focus of attention is normally represented by attenuated forms of reference, and full noun phrases always show focus-shift. In addition, necessary extension to the global coherence of discourse can link these anaphoric relations with the deictic expressions over discourse segment boundaries. Finally, I argue that the choice and the distribution of referring expressions in the Map Task Corpus depends on the way the participants collaborate to judge the most salient entity in the current discourse against their common ground.
Book Synopsis Referring Expressions, Pragmatics, and Style by : Kate Scott
Download or read book Referring Expressions, Pragmatics, and Style written by Kate Scott and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-07 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A relevance-theoretic account of reference, with a focus on its role in creating stylistic, attitudinal and emotional effects.
Book Synopsis 101 Common Japanese Idioms in Plain English by : Clay Boutwell
Download or read book 101 Common Japanese Idioms in Plain English written by Clay Boutwell and published by Kotoba Inc. This book was released on 2022-07-04 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover 101 useful Japanese idioms. Ever wondered what it means when your mouth is 'heavy,' how to 'use people with your chin,' or what 'grinding sesame' signifies in Japanese? Uncover the meanings behind these fascinating idioms and many more. While this book is immensely beneficial even for beginners, hiragana and a basic understanding of Japanese sentence structure are required. Once one zooms beyond the basics of a language, idiomatic expressions, proverbs, and slang can provide the spice to keep motivation up and progress going forward. This book will introduce 101 of the most common Japanese idioms. We are including, at no extra charge, sound files for all the examples found in this book. Use these files to practice your pronunciation and listening. In addition, we are also including a free Anki deck with sound of all the idioms found in the collection. Anki is a free flashcard software that will help you quickly remember these idioms. In this edition, we've reorganized all the idioms into logical categories, making learning more efficient. We've also eliminated all rōmaji (Roman letters) and limited Furigana (the small Hiragana over Kanji) to its first occurrence in each lesson. This approach may challenge beginners, but it's our way of ensuring your success in Japanese - consider it 'tough love. Our goal is your success in mastering Japanese. Early reliance on rōmaji and Furigana can impede long-term progress. We believe learning vocabulary in context is the most effective method. Every idiom is followed by an example sentence and a paragraph or two explaining the context and usage. To further support your learning journey, we're offering an exceptional collection of bonus materials: 300+ Sound Files Anki Flashcard Deck ePub and PDF versions of the book An older version with romaji (not recommended but provided!) For each idiom, we provide three accompanying sound files. All sound files have been recorded by native Japanese voice actors and actresses. The first sound file is the idiom itself. The second is the example sentence. The third sound file has the idiom, an English translation, the idiom repeated slowly, and the example sentence with translation. Try to mimic the Japanese speakers in sound and presentation. The download link for the complimentary sound files is located on the book's last page. Don't wait any longer to enrich your Japanese vocabulary. Give your Japanese vocabulary a boost with 101 Common Japanese Idioms now.
Book Synopsis Expressive Japanese by : Senko K. Maynard
Download or read book Expressive Japanese written by Senko K. Maynard and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2005-02-28 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feelings play an enormous part in our lives, but their expression is often neglected in foreign language education. How do I communicate happiness, surprise, or anger? How do others communicate these emotions to me? Such questions become increasingly relevant as we become more competent in the language we are learning. Expressive Japanese is the first detailed guide to emotion words and expressive strategies for students of the language. Words connoting feelings, such as "kanashii" (sad), are important in everyday Japanese conversation, but communicating emotions effectively also requires the use of expressive strategies, such as "Nani?" (What the heck?), "Yattaa!" (I did it!), or "Hottoite!" (Leave me alone!). Introductory chapters examine the characteristics, constraints, and history of expressive Japanese and discuss linguistic variations and styles and how these play a part in conveying emotion and empathy. There follow more than seventy entries that draw on hundreds of authentic examples taken from a variety of sources, including television dramas, comics, interviews, novels, essays, newspaper articles, and web sites. In these examples, students will find playful and creative uses of expressions that do not usually appear in language textbooks. English cues and key Japanese expressions are indexed at the back of the volume, making this a handy reference for anyone who possesses a grasp of the fundamentals of elementary Japanese. Based on extensive research by a prominent linguist and teacher, Expressive Japanese brings learners into the world of real human interaction and effectively illustrates how native speakers use language to convey identity and a sense of self as well as to communicate feelings and emotion.
Book Synopsis Large-Scale Knowledge Resources. Construction and Application by : Takenobu Tokunaga
Download or read book Large-Scale Knowledge Resources. Construction and Application written by Takenobu Tokunaga and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-02-29 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atthestartofthe21stcentury,wearenowwellonthewaytowardsaknowled- intensive society, in which knowledge plays ever more important roles. Thus, research interest should inevitably shift from information to knowledge, with the problems of building, organizing, maintaining and utilizing knowledge - coming centralissues in a wide varietyof ?elds. The 21stCentury COE program “Framework for Systematization and Application of Large-scale Knowledge - sources (COE-LKR)” conducted by the Tokyo Institute of Technology is one of several early attempts worldwide to address these important issues. Inspired by this project, LKR2008 aimed at bringing together diverse contributions in cognitive science, computer science, education and linguistics to explore design, construction, extension, maintenance, validation and application of knowledge. Respondingtoourcallforpapers,wereceived38submissionfromavarietyof researchareas.EachpaperwasreviewedbythreeProgramCommitteemembers. Since we were aiming at an interdisciplinary conference covering a wide range of topics concerning large-scale knowledge resources (LKR), each paper was assigned a reviewer from a topic area outside the main thrust of the paper. This reviewer was asked to assess whether the authors described the moti- tion and importance of their work in a comprehensible manner even for readers in other research areas. Following a rigorous reviewing process, we accepted 14 regular papers and 12 poster papers.
Book Synopsis Grammar, Meaning and Pragmatics by : Frank Brisard
Download or read book Grammar, Meaning and Pragmatics written by Frank Brisard and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ten volumes of "Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights" focus on the most salient topics in the field of pragmatics, thus dividing its wide interdisciplinary spectrum in a transparent and manageable way. While other volumes select philosophical, cognitive, cultural, social, variational, interactional, or discursive points of view, this fifth volume looks at the field of linguistic pragmatics from a primarily grammatical angle. That is, it asks in which particular sense a variety of older and more recent functional (rather than generative) models of grammar relate to the study of language in use: how this affects their general outlook on language structure, whether issues of language use inform the very makeup of these models or are merely included as possible research themes, and how far the actual integration of pragmatics ultimately goes (is it a module/layer or is the model truly usage-based ?). Each of the authors presenting these models has taken systematic care to highlight the relevant problems and focus on the implications of considering pragmatic phenomena from the point of view of grammar. Furthermore, a limited number of chapters deal with traditional topics in the grammatical literature, and specifically those which are called pragmatic because they either are not strictly concerned with truth (semantics), or receive their (truth) value only from an interaction with context. In the introduction, these theories and topics are set up against the historical background of a gradually changing attitude, on the part of grammarians, towards questions of linguistic knowledge and behavior, and the role of learning in their relationship."
Book Synopsis 1001+ Basic Phrases English - Japanese by : Gilad Soffer
Download or read book 1001+ Basic Phrases English - Japanese written by Gilad Soffer and published by Soffer Publishing. This book was released on 2014-12-25 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "1001+ Basic Phrases English - Japanese" - is a list of more than 1001 words translated from English to Japanese, as well as translated from Japanese to English. Easy to use- great for tourists and English speakers interested in learning Japanese. As well as Japanese speakers interested in learning English.
Author :M. M. Jocelyne Fernandez-Vest Publisher :Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG ISBN 13 :3110393352 Total Pages :316 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (13 download)
Book Synopsis Information Structuring of Spoken Language from a Cross-linguistic Perspective by : M. M. Jocelyne Fernandez-Vest
Download or read book Information Structuring of Spoken Language from a Cross-linguistic Perspective written by M. M. Jocelyne Fernandez-Vest and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-12-14 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information structure and the organization of oral texts have been rarely studied crosslinguistically. This book contains studies of the grammatical organization of information in languages from different areas (e.g. Amazonian, Finno-Ugric, South-Asian) from a variety of theoretical angles. It will be a valuable resource for researchers investigating the interaction of morphosyntax and discourse in familiar and less familiar languages.
Book Synopsis Japanese Phrases For Dummies by : Eriko Sato
Download or read book Japanese Phrases For Dummies written by Eriko Sato and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-08-06 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quick easy reference to pick up and reinforce key Japanese phrases Japanese is the fifth most studied language in the U.S., with over 40,000 college students enrolled in Japanese courses every year, and Japan ranks as the eighth most popular international destination for American travelers. Focusing on real-world language skills that people can put to use right away-from asking directions to talking numbers-this phrasebook is a must for travelers and students. Eriko Sato, PhD, is a native Japanese speaker and Professor of Japanese at SUNY Stony Brook.
Book Synopsis Referring in a Second Language by : Jonathon Ryan
Download or read book Referring in a Second Language written by Jonathon Ryan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-03-19 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction and tracking of reference to people or individuals, known as referential movement, is a central feature of coherence, and accounts for “about every third word of discourse”. Located at the intersection of pragmatics and grammar, reference is now proving a rich and enduring source of insight into second language development. The challenge for second language (L2) learners involves navigating the selection and positioning of reference in the target language, continually shifting and balancing the referential means used to maintain coherence, while remaining acutely sensitive to the discourse and social context. The present volume focuses on how L2 learners meet that challenge, bringing together both eminent and up-and-coming researchers in the field of L2 acquisition. The chapters address a range of problems in second language acquisition (SLA) (e.g., form-function mapping, first language [L1] influence, developmental trajectories), and do so in relation to various theoretical approaches to reference (e.g., Accessibility Theory, Givenness Hierarchy). The global outlook of these studies relates to the L2 acquisition of English, French, Japanese, Korean, and Spanish and covers a diverse range of situational contexts including heritage language learning, English as a medium of instruction, and the development of sociolinguistic competence.
Book Synopsis Accessing Noun-Phrase Antecedents (RLE Linguistics B: Grammar) by : Mira Ariel
Download or read book Accessing Noun-Phrase Antecedents (RLE Linguistics B: Grammar) written by Mira Ariel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-03 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accessing Noun-Phrase Antecedents offers a radical shift in the analysis of discourse anaphora, from a purely pragmatic account to a cognitive account, in terms of processing procedures. Mira Ariel defines referring expressions as markers signalling the degree of Accessibility in memory of the antecedent. The notion of Accessibility is explicitly defined, the crucial factors being the Salience of the antecedent, and the Unity between the antecedent and the anaphor. This analysis yields an astonishing array of new results. The precise distribution of referring expressions in actual discourse is directly predicted. Several universals of anaphoric relations are stated. Thus, although not all languages necessarily have the same markers, and nor do they assign them precisely the same function, Ariel shows that they all obey the same Accessibility marking hierarchy. This book will be compulsory reading for anyone with an interest in the semantics and pragmatics of referring expressions, in the interaction of semantics and pragmatics, and more generally in the interaction between peripheral and central cognitive systems.
Book Synopsis The Meaning of Space in Sign Language by : Gemma Barberà Altimira
Download or read book The Meaning of Space in Sign Language written by Gemma Barberà Altimira and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-07-01 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together sign language linguistics and the semantics-pragmatics interface, this book focuses on the use of signing space in Catalan Sign Language (LSC). On the basis of small-scale corpus data, it provides an exhaustive description of referential devices dependent on space. The book provides insight into the study of meaning in the visual-spatial modality and into our understanding of the discourse behavior of spatial locations.
Book Synopsis Crosslinguistic Studies on Noun Phrase Structure and Reference by : Patricia Cabredo Hofherr
Download or read book Crosslinguistic Studies on Noun Phrase Structure and Reference written by Patricia Cabredo Hofherr and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2013-11-29 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crosslinguistic Studies on Noun Phrase Structure and Reference contains 11 studies on the grammar of noun phrases. Part One explores NP-structure and the impact of information structure, countability and number marking on interpretation, using data from Russian, Armenian, Hebrew, Brazilian Portuguese, Karitiana, Turkish, English, Catalan and Danish. Part Two examines language specific definiteness marking strategies in spoken and signed languages—differentiated definiteness marking in Germanic, double definiteness in Greek, adnominal demonstratives in Japanese, ‘weak’ definiteness in Martiniké and the special referring options made avilable by signing. Part Three examines the second-language acquisition of genericity in English, Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese. This volume will be of interest to researchers and students in syntax, formal semantics, and language acquisition. Contributors include: Željko Bošković, Patricia Cabredo Hofherr, Edit Doron, Nomi Erteschik Shir, Brigitte Garcia, Elaine Grolla, Tania Ionin, Loïc Jean-Louis, Makoto Kaneko, Marika Lekakou, Silvina Montrul, Ana Müller, Asya Pereltsvaig, Marie-Anne Sallandre, Helade Santos, Serkan Şener, Rebekka Studler, Kriszta Szendröi, Anne Zribi-Hertz.
Download or read book The Language Grid written by Toru Ishida and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-29 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is increasing interaction among communities with multiple languages, thus we need services that can effectively support multilingual communication. The Language Grid is an initiative to build an infrastructure that allows end users to create composite language services for intercultural collaboration. The aim is to support communities to create customized multilingual environments by using language services to overcome local language barriers. The stakeholders of the Language Grid are the language resource providers, the language service users, and the language grid operators who coordinate the former. This book includes 18 chapters in six parts that summarize various research results and associated development activities on the Language Grid. The chapters in Part I describe the framework of the Language Grid, i.e., service-oriented collective intelligence, used to bridge providers, users and operators. Two kinds of software are introduced, the service grid server software and the Language Grid Toolbox, and code for both is available via open source licenses. Part II describes technologies for service workflows that compose atomic language services. Part III reports on research work and activities relating to sharing and using language services. Part IV describes various applications of language services as applicable to intercultural collaboration. Part V contains reports on applying the Language Grid for translation activities, including localization of industrial documents and Wikipedia articles. Finally, Part VI illustrates how the Language Grid can be connected to other service grids, such as DFKI's Heart of Gold and smart classroom services in Tsinghua University in Beijing. The book will be valuable for researchers in artificial intelligence, natural language processing, services computing and human--computer interaction, particularly those who are interested in bridging technologies and user communities.
Book Synopsis Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Vietnamese Linguistics by : Nigel Duffield
Download or read book Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Vietnamese Linguistics written by Nigel Duffield and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2019-10-09 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume was originally inspired by a 2017 conference to honour the scholar and linguist Cao Xuân Hạo, whose landmark work – in many diverse areas of language study – established a bridge between traditional Vietnamese scholarship and contemporary theories of grammatical organisation. The book offers the reader a closely edited collection of papers, representing a wide spectrum of frameworks, approaches and methods, from traditional fieldwork studies of non-standard dialects, to corpus-based discussions of language and gender, to formal syntactic and semantic analyses of key functional morphemes, to laboratory experiments, and work in first language acquisition. Many of the papers present detailed analyses of original data, as well as novel treatments of established facts; considered together – as well as in contrast to one another – they make a significant empirical contribution to our understanding of how Vietnamese is structured, acquired and put to use. The papers should be of value to anyone interested in contemporary approaches to Vietnamese linguistics, and Southeast Asian languages more generally.
Download or read book Discourse Meaning written by Deniz Zeyrek and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-06-08 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume aims to bring together original, unpublished papers on discourse structure and meaning from different frameworks or theoretical perspectives to address research questions revolving around issues instigated by Turkish. Another goal is to offer methodologically different solutions for the research gaps identified in individual chapters. The contributions are based on empirical generalizations and make use of, for example, computerized corpora as the data, examples compiled from naturally occurring discourse, or data gathered in experimental conditions. Hence, the book has a firm theoretical standing and it is empirically well-grounded. The collection is expected to be of direct interest to the community of scholars and researchers in discourse structure and semantics as well as corpus linguistics. It will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students and all interested readers, offering them a fresh view on various discourse-related phenomena from the perspective of Turkish.
