Reductive Dechlorination Of Carbon Tetrachloride By Ferrous Sulfide Under Anaerobic Conditions

Author : Kyle E. Vickstrom
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (952 download)

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Download or read book Transformation of Carbon Tetrachloride and Chloroform by Trichloroethene Respiring Anaerobic Mixed Cultures and Supernatant written by Kyle E. Vickstrom and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon tetrachloride (CT) and chloroform (CF) were transformed in batch reactor experiments conducted with anaerobic dechlorinating cultures and supernatant (ADC+S) harvested from continuous flow reactors. The Evanite (EV-5L) and Victoria/Stanford (VS-5L) cultures capable of respiring trichloroethene (TCE), 1,2-cis-dichloroethene (cDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) to ethene (ETH) were grown in continuous flow reactors receiving an influent feed of saturated TCE (10 mM; 60 mEq) and formate (45 mM; 90 mEq) but no CT or CF. In all experiments, cells and supernatant were harvested from the chemostats and inoculated into batch reactors. Transformation of various concentrations of CT (0.86, 2.6, or 8.6 [micro]M), CF (2.1 or 21.1 [micro]M), dichloromethane (DCM; 23.1 [micro]M), and TCE (50 [micro]M) was examined. CT transformation was complete and exhibited pseudo-first order kinetics with CF as the primary measured transformation product in all treatments. Lesser amounts of DCM and carbon disulfide (CS2) were measured leading to an overall mass balance of 20-40% of the original mass as CT accounted for. An analytical first order solution was developed to model CT degradation and product formation under multiple conditions. Cells poisoned with 50 mM sodium azide (NaN3) catalyzed rapid and complete CT transformation suggesting a greater importance of redox active cofactors than live cells in the abiotic and cometabolic transformation. DCM and CS2 however were not produced in the poisoned treatments. TCE and CT simultaneous transformation occurred with an approximately two-fold increase in the CT degradation rate while maintaining complete TCE respiration to ETH. During the initial round of TCE respiration, the rate limiting step was VC to ETH, which was impacted by the presence of CT and CF. A subsequent addition of 50 [micro]M TCE showed a substantial decline in the rates of reductive dechlorination owing to the inhibitory effects of long term exposure to CF. The results clearly demonstrate that transformation can be promoted by anaerobic dechlorinating cultures and supernatant not previously acclimated to CT and CF. However, abiotic reactions account for much of the observed transformation. The role of CF inhibition on H2 utilization by the culture was also explored. Sodium formate was provided as a rapid release substrate, providing H2 as an electron donor. H2 partial pressures were tracked throughout the course of the kinetic experiments. The rapid transformation of CT to CF made it not possible to determine if CT inhibited H2 use by the anaerobic dechlorinating cultures. However, the rapid buildup and subsequent slow transformation of CF was found to reversibly inhibit H2 consumption for homoacetogenesis. It was found that an aqueous CF concentration above 0.4 [micro]M or 0.6 [micro]M inhibited H2 consumption by the EV-5L and VS-5L cultures, respectively. This result differed for the VS-5L culture when metabolizing TCE in the presence of CT and CF. The VS-5L culture consumed H2 at CF concentrations as high as 1.3 [micro]M. The culture may have been partially inhibited at CF concentrations greater than 0.6 [micro]M, which is shown by slower consumption of H2 than controls that did not contain CF. The results demonstrate that CF reversibly inhibits the consumption of H2 by the anaerobic dechlorinating cultures, and that more research is required to determine if it is through a chemical inhibition or toxicity.