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Reducing Top Mat Reinforcement In Bridge Decks
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Book Synopsis Reducing Top Mat Reinforcement in Bridge Decks by : Stephen Wroe Foster
Download or read book Reducing Top Mat Reinforcement in Bridge Decks written by Stephen Wroe Foster and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) uses precast, prestressed concrete panels (PCPs) as stay-in-place formwork for most bridges built in Texas. The PCPs are placed on the top flanges of adjacent girders and topped with a 4-in. cast-in-place (CIP) slab. This thesis is directed towards identifying and quantifying the serviceability implications of reducing the deck reinforcement across the interior spans of CIP-PCP decks. The goal of this research is to understand how the PCPs influence cracking and crack control in the CIP slab and to make recommendations to optimize the top mat reinforcement accordingly. Several tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of different top mat reinforcement arrangements for ability to control crack widths across PCP joints. The longitudinal reinforcement was tested using a constant bending moment test, a point load test, and several direct tension tests. Because of difficulty with the CIP-PCP interface during the longitudinal tests, direct tension tests of the CIP slab only were used to compare the transverse reinforcement alternatives. Prior to testing, various top mat design alternatives were evaluated through pre-test calculations for crack widths. Standard reinforcing bars and welded wire reinforcement were considered for the design alternatives. During this study, it was found that the tensile strength of the CIP slab is critical to controlling transverse crack widths. The CIP-PCP interface is difficult to simulate in the laboratory because of inherent eccentricities that result from the test specimen geometry and loading conditions. Furthermore, the constraint and boundary conditions of CIP-PCP bridge decks are difficult to simulate in the laboratory. Based on the results of this testing program, it seems imprudent to reduce the longitudinal reinforcement across the interior spans of CIP-PCP decks. The transverse reinforcement, however, may be reduced using welded wire reinforcement across the interior spans of CIP-PCP decks without compromising longitudinal crack width control. A reduced standard reinforcing bar option may also be considered, but a slight increase in longitudinal crack widths should be expected.
Book Synopsis Bridge Deck Reinforcement and PCP Cracking by : Oguzhan Bayrak
Download or read book Bridge Deck Reinforcement and PCP Cracking written by Oguzhan Bayrak and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridge decks composed of precast, prestressed panels (PCPs) overlain by cast-in-place (CIP) are popular in many states, including Texas. Optimization of top-mat reinforcement and reduction of collinear panel cracking were addressed in this project. Longitudinal top-mat reinforcement was found to be already optimized. Further optimization of transverse top-mat reinforcement is possible by slightly reducing the area of deformed reinforcement or by using welded-wire reinforcement. Collinear panel cracking can be reduced by lowering the initial prestress or by placing additional transverse reinforcement at panel ends. Measured prestress losses in PCPs were at most 25 ksi, much less than the 45 ksi currently assumed by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The comparative efficiency of different types of high-performance steel fibers was examined. Double-punch testing, appropriately standardized as proposed in this report, is a reliable and repeatable measure of the comparative efficiency of high-performance steel fibers.
Book Synopsis Design Recommendations for CIP-PCP Bridge Decks by : Ki Yeon Kwon
Download or read book Design Recommendations for CIP-PCP Bridge Decks written by Ki Yeon Kwon and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precast, prestressed concrete panels (PCPs) and cast-in-place (CIP) concrete slabs are commonly used in Texas and elsewhere. Because PCPs are placed between bridge girders, and CIP concrete slabs are cast over the PCPs, PCPs act as formwork, cost and time for construction can be reduced. However, current designs may be further optimized if it can be shown that the reinforcement in the CIP deck can be reduced. Another issue involves cracking of PCP during fabrication and transportation to the site. The goal of this dissertation is to recommend changes to the CIP-PCP bridge decks that will lead to more cost-effective bridges. The first phase of the research is to suggest an optimized reinforcement layout for cast-in-place (CIP) slabs. Because the capacity of these decks is much greater than the design loads, a decrease in top-mat reinforcement will have minimal effect on the margin of capacity over design loads. Two options were selected, reduced deformed-bar reinforcement; and reduced welded-wire reinforcement. These two options are evaluated through restrained-shrinkage tests and field applications. The second phase of this dissertation is to reduce cracks in precast, prestressed concrete panels (PCPs) which occur during fabrication, handling, and transportation. Most cracks in PCPs are collinear (occur along the strands). They can be reduced in two ways. The first is to reduce initial prestress. The second is to place additional transverse reinforcement at edges.
Book Synopsis Concrete Bridge Deck Performance by : H. G. Russell
Download or read book Concrete Bridge Deck Performance written by H. G. Russell and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2004 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At head of title: National Cooperative Highway Research Program.
Book Synopsis Methods of Corrosion Protection and Durability of Concrete Bridge Decks Reinforced with Epoxy-coated Bars - Phase I by : Lisa M. Samples
Download or read book Methods of Corrosion Protection and Durability of Concrete Bridge Decks Reinforced with Epoxy-coated Bars - Phase I written by Lisa M. Samples and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Waterproofing Membranes for Concrete Bridge Decks by : David G. Manning
Download or read book Waterproofing Membranes for Concrete Bridge Decks written by David G. Manning and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1995 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This synthesis will be of interest to research, specifications, materials, design, and construction engineers; contract and specification administrators; agency project managers and staff; and concrete bridge deck construction contractors. This synthesis describes the state of the practice with respect to the development and present status of waterproofing membranes for concrete bridge decks. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the use of waterproofing systems applied to new bridge decks and the rehabilitation of deteriorated concrete bridge decks. In addition, this synthesis describes current practice with regard to methods for assessing the effectiveness of membranes, criteria for use, installation practices, and factors that affect the performance of waterproofing systems in new construction and rehabilitation. Suggestions for future research are also included.
Book Synopsis Impact of Deck Cracking on Durability by : Fouad Fanous
Download or read book Impact of Deck Cracking on Durability written by Fouad Fanous and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete bridge decks subjected to corrosive environment because of the application of de-icing chemical could deteriorate at a rapid rate. In an effort to minimize corrosion of the reinforcement and the corresponding delaminations and spalls, the Iowa Department of Transportation started using epoxy-coated rebars (ECR) in the top mat of reinforcing around 1976 and in both mats 10 years later. The overall objective of this research was to determine the impact of deck cracking on durability and estimate the remaining functional service life of a bridge deck. This was accomplished by conducting a literature review, visually inspecting several bridge decks, collecting and sampling test cores from cracked and uncracked areas of bridge decks, determining the extent to which epoxy-coated rebars deteriorate at the site of cracks, and evaluating the impact of cracking on service life.
Book Synopsis A Case Study of Concrete Deck Behavior in a Four-span Prestressed Girder Bridge by : Li Cao
Download or read book A Case Study of Concrete Deck Behavior in a Four-span Prestressed Girder Bridge written by Li Cao and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A substantial amount of deterioration of bridge decks is caused by corrosion of the top mat of steel. Evidence suggests that the actual tensile stresses at the upper surface of bridge decks are low. This reduces or eliminates the need for top reinforcement except for continuity over supports. One span of a four-span bridge was constructed without an upper mat of steel. A series of load tests was conducted to induce high strains in the deck. Peak transverse tensile stresses were less than 30% of the concrete cracking strength. This study indicates that conventionally designed bridge decks do not require top steel for sustaining transverse tensile stresses induced by traffic.
Book Synopsis Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcement in Iowa Bridge Decks by : Han-Ching Wu
Download or read book Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcement in Iowa Bridge Decks written by Han-Ching Wu and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete bridge decks subjected to corrosive environment, due to the application of de-icing chemical, could deteriorate at a rapid rate. In an effort to minimize corrosion of the reinforcement and the corresponding delaminations and spalls, the Iowa Department of Transportation (IADOT) started using epoxy-coated rebars (ECR) in the top mat of reinforcing around 1976 and in both mats about 10 years later. The ultimate objective of this research was to determine the impact of deck cracking on durability and estimate the remaining functional service life of a bridge deck. The overall objectives of this work were obtained by conducting a literature review, visually inspecting several bridge decks, collecting and sampling test cores from cracked and uncracked areas of bridge decks, determining the extent to which epoxy coated rebars deteriorate at the site of cracks, and evaluating the impact of cracking on service life.
Book Synopsis Bridge Deck Condition Survey by : John E. LaCroix
Download or read book Bridge Deck Condition Survey written by John E. LaCroix and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bridge Engineering Handbook by : Wai-Fah Chen
Download or read book Bridge Engineering Handbook written by Wai-Fah Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-11-04 with total page 2028 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international team of experts has joined forces to produce the Bridge Engineering Handbook. They address all facets-the planning, design, inspection, construction, and maintenance of a variety of bridge structures-creating a must-have resource for every bridge engineer. This unique, comprehensive reference provides the means to review standard practices and keep abreast of new developments and state-of-the-art practices. Comprising 67 chapters in seven sections, the authors present: Fundamentals: Provides the basic concepts and theory of bridge engineering Superstructure Design: Discusses all types of bridges Substructure Design: Addresses columns, piers, abutments, and foundations Seismic Design: Presents the latest in seismic bridge design Construction and Maintenance: Focuses on the practical issues of bridge structures Special Topics: Offers new and important information and unique solutions Worldwide Practice: Summarizes bridge engineering practices around the world. Discover virtually all you need to know about any type of bridge: Reinforced, Segmental, and Prestressed Concrete Steel beam and plate girder Steel box girder Orthotropic deck Horizontally curved Truss Arch Suspension Cable-stayed Timber Movable Floating Railroad Special attention is given to rehabilitation, retrofit, and maintenance, and the Bridge Engineering Handbook offers over 1,600 tables, charts, and illustrations in ready-to-use format. An abundance of worked-out examples give readers step-by-step design procedures and the section on Worldwide Practice provides a broad and valuable perspective on the "big picture" of bridge engineering.
Book Synopsis Corrosion in Marine and Saltwater Environments 3 by : D. Shifler
Download or read book Corrosion in Marine and Saltwater Environments 3 written by D. Shifler and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2009-05 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of ECS Transactions, ¿Corrosion in Marine and Saltwater Environments 3¿, is the continuation of successful symposia held in 1999 and 2004, hosted by The Electrochemical Society. The papers in this issue were presented at the 2008 PRiME meeting held in Honolulu, Hawaii, from October 12 to 17, 2008. The goal of this symposium was to address a wide spectrum of corrosion research in marine and other saltwater environments and to provide a forum to examine the most recent ideas and advances in the understanding of corrosion processes, mechanisms, and means of corrosion prevention or control from both a basic and applied research approach.
Book Synopsis Innovations in Bridge Engineering Technology by : Khaled Mahmoud
Download or read book Innovations in Bridge Engineering Technology written by Khaled Mahmoud and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-21 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last few years, remarkable technological advances have been achieved in bridge engineering technology. These cover a wide spectrum of issues, ranging from design, maintenance, and rehabilitation methodologies to material and monitoring innovations.Within an international framework of exchanging the state-of-the-art in the field of bridge eng
Book Synopsis Waterproofing Membranes for Concrete Bridge Decks by : H. G. Russell
Download or read book Waterproofing Membranes for Concrete Bridge Decks written by H. G. Russell and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2012 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 425: Waterproofing Membranes for Concrete Bridge Decks documents information on materials, specification requirements, design details, application methods, system performance, and costs of waterproofing membranes used on new and existing bridge decks since 1995.
Book Synopsis Reducing corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete bridge decks by :
Download or read book Reducing corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete bridge decks written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cause and Control of Transverse Cracking in Concrete Bridge Decks by : M. Ala Saadeghvaziri
Download or read book Cause and Control of Transverse Cracking in Concrete Bridge Decks written by M. Ala Saadeghvaziri and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many concrete bridge decks develop transverse cracking and most of these cracks develop at early ages, some right after construction and some after the bridge has been opened to traffic for a period of time. Structural design factors have not been the subject of much research in the past and they were the main thrust of this research study. Using 2-D and 3-D linear and nonlinear finite element models many design factors such as girder stiffness, deck thickness, girder spacing, relative stiffness of deck to girder, amount of reinforcements, etc., were studied. The research study also included a comprehensive review of the existing literature as well as survey of 24 bridges in the state of New Jersey. Results of each research task are presented and discussed in detail. Furthermore, based on analytical results and literature review, the effect of various factors are quantified and specific recommendations for possible consideration in design are made.
Book Synopsis Performance of a Bridge Deck with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars as the Top Mat of Reinforcement by : Kimberly Ann Phillips
Download or read book Performance of a Bridge Deck with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars as the Top Mat of Reinforcement written by Kimberly Ann Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research was to investigate the performance of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars as reinforcement for concrete decks. Today's rapid bridge deck deterioration is calling for a replacement for steel reinforcement. The advantages of GFRP such as its high tensile strength, light weight, and resistance to corrosion make it an attractive alternative to steel. The deck of one end-span of the Gills Creek Bridge was constructed with GFRP bars as the top mat and epoxy-coated steel bars as the bottom mat. Live load tests were performed in 2003, shortly after completion of construction, and again in 2004. In addition, tests were performed on the deck of the opposite end-span, which had all epoxy-coated steel reinforcing. The results of these tests were used to evaluate the girder distribution factors and impact factors of a GFRP reinforced bridge deck. In addition, a comparison of the results from the two test periods gives an indication of any changes in strains in the GFRP bars and if the deck is behaving differently than when first installed. The results were compared to the design standards specified by the American Concrete Institute in the Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bar to determine if the stresses in the deck were within the specified limits. The performances of the two end-spans were compared to determine if the GFRP reinforcement had any significant influence on overall bridge behavior. There were no significant differences in the behavior of the deck after 1 year of service and there was no visible cracking. The behavior of the two end-spans was similar, and the measured girder distribution factors were less than the AASHTO design recommendations. The impact factors were less than design values for the 2003 tests but higher than design values for the 2004 tests. Stresses in the GFRP reinforcing bars were much less than the design allowable stress and did not change significantly after 1 year of service. The strain gauges, vibrating wire gauges, and thermocouples in the bridge deck were monitored for approximately 1 year using a permanent data acquisition system. Daily, monthly, and long-term fluctuations in temperature and stresses were examined. The vibrating wire gauges were more reliable than the electrical resistance strain gauges, and the main influence on strain changes was temperature fluctuation. A cost/benefit analysis of using GFRP bars indicates their high initial costs are justified when compared to the costs of a concrete overlay.
