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Recommended Practice For Partial Flow Dilution System Measurement Of Particulate Matter Pm
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Book Synopsis Recommended Practice for Partial Flow Dilution System Measurement of Particulate Matter (PM) by : Emissions Standards Committee
Download or read book Recommended Practice for Partial Flow Dilution System Measurement of Particulate Matter (PM) written by Emissions Standards Committee and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This recommended practice establishes test procedures and best practices for PM measurements under partial flow conditions. PFDS PM testing and certification is primarily used in heavy duty applications as described in 40 CFR Part 1065 because full flow sampling systems with a dilution tunnel and CVS can be very bulky for large heavy duty engines. 40 CFR Part 1066 also allows the use of partial flow systems for light duty applications in lieu of full flow systems. PFDS does not require the use of a CVS sampling system or a full flow dilution tunnel. This makes it easier and more convenient to perform PM measurement in smaller test cells that cannot fit a large CVS or a full flow dilution tunnel. This document describes the different components/specifications of LD and HD PFDS as well as the required quality checks necessary to ensure the integrity of the sampling system. It also addresses the many sampling options and calculations that are approved by the regulations. Correlation between partial and full flow systems will also be discussed. The conventional test method for particulate matter (PM) measurement of vehicle and engine exhaust is the gravimetric type where a small fraction of the total diluted exhaust from a full flow dilution tunnel connected to a constant volume sampler (CVS) is sampled over pre-weighed 47 mm PTFE filters at a temperature of 47 °C ± 5 °C. In a full flow dilution tunnel, all the exhaust flow from the engine flows through the tunnel where it is diluted with ambient air. To cover a wide range of vehicle and engine sizes, either single or double dilution systems are permitted for certification. The accuracy of the total PM mass of the test depends on many parameters but the most significant seems to be the amount of dilution and the magnitude of the net mass of PM collected on the filter. Partial flow systems, which are an alternative method to full flow CVS systems, include the additional complexity in that the sample ratio needs to be carefully controlled proportionally to the varying exhaust flow under transient conditions. Partial flow systems have an advantage of allowing more PM mass to be collected on the filter if the sample ratio is optimized correctly for vehicle or engine being tested. The PM limit in the U.S. is set at 3 mg/mile for light duty vehicles and 0.01 g/bhp-hr for heavy duty engines. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) approved a new PM limit of 1 mg/mile for LD applications starting in 2025 as part of the ACC II regulation. At 1 mg/mile, the net mass of PM on the filters in full flow systems will be approaching tunnel background levels making partial flow systems more desirable as the net mass of PM on the filter can be higher. Partial flow PM measurement also has the advantage of using much smaller, lower cost equipment without the need for a large CVS and full flow dilution tunnel system. The aim of this document is to organize the information in an easy to read-and-follow document, describing in detail the components of partial flow systems with specifications and performance characteristics. It also includes best practices for PM measurement in partial flow mode for light duty and heavy duty applications.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Partial Flow Dilution Methodology for Light Duty Particulate Mass Measurement by : Eric B. Foote
Download or read book Evaluation of Partial Flow Dilution Methodology for Light Duty Particulate Mass Measurement written by Eric B. Foote and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Particulate Matter Mass Measurement and Physical Characterization by :
Download or read book Particulate Matter Mass Measurement and Physical Characterization written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Accuracy of Particle Number Measurements from Partial Flow Dilution Systems by : Barouch Giechaskiel
Download or read book Accuracy of Particle Number Measurements from Partial Flow Dilution Systems written by Barouch Giechaskiel and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Procedure for the Continuous Sampling and Measurement of Non-Volatile Particulate Matter Emissions from Aircraft Turbine Engines by : E-31P Particulate Matter Committee
Download or read book Procedure for the Continuous Sampling and Measurement of Non-Volatile Particulate Matter Emissions from Aircraft Turbine Engines written by E-31P Particulate Matter Committee and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes recommended sampling conditions, instrumentation, and procedures for the measurement of non-volatile particle number and mass concentrations from the exhaust of aircraft gas turbine engines. Procedures are included to estimate sampling system loss performance. This ARP is not intended for in-flight testing, nor does it apply to engines operating in the afterburning mode.This ARP is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This ARP6320 document revision provides updated nvPM mass calibration and System Operability information. The nvPM mass calibration data reduction method has been revised, and additional detail supplied on the use of splitters for nvPMmi calibration. Both the Diluter1 temperature control and the Dilution Factor 2 check method 1 have been revised. The "nvPM System Compliance and Operational Checklists" Excel spreadsheet is now presented as two separate checklist documents to simplify use: nvPM System Compliance Checklists v1_4 and nvPM Operations Compliance Checklists v1_4. Additional cross-references to ICAO Annex 16 Volume II1 are now included in both checklists.
Book Synopsis Analysis and Implementation of PM Sampling Methodology Protocols to Aid in the Development of an ARP (Aerospace Recommended Practice) for Aircraft Non-volatile PM Measurements by : Brian Lowell Catron
Download or read book Analysis and Implementation of PM Sampling Methodology Protocols to Aid in the Development of an ARP (Aerospace Recommended Practice) for Aircraft Non-volatile PM Measurements written by Brian Lowell Catron and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Due to the growing concerns that particulate matter (PM) have on health and the environment, there is a need to include mass and number non-volatile PM measurements to current jet engine certification. This thesis looks at the necessary work required to help produce recommendations and perform background research to aid in the creation of an improved Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) (by the SAE E-31 Committee). This work addressed the following issues. The investigation began in the Missouri S & T Center of Excellence for Aerospace Particulate Emissions Reduction Research (COE) laboratory with an examination of the jet engine surrogate used, the miniCAST, as well as integrating it into the COE's PM measurement system. A clean PM sample line was aged by running a PM source through it until a steady state signal was measured by the instruments in order to make a recommended procedure for line conditioning as well as reconditioning. Several eductors were studied for their performance characteristics and compared against desired characteristics, which suggested a need to include a pressure relief valve to cap the sample pressure at the eductor entrance. A volatile particle remover (VPR) was studied for penetration and ability to remove volatile material. A prototype E-31 system was setup at the second alternative aviation fuel experiment (AAFEX II), which provided a direct comparison of probe tip dilution and downstream dilution and found comparable results when line loss was taken into account. Also performed at AAFEX II was a study that compared measured sample line penetration with theoretical calculations finding that theoretical calculations were an accurate alternative of measuring line loss. Two PM sampling systems were setup at an ARP demonstration and both system had similar results for both number and mass measurement. An instrument comparison was also performed that included an examination of condensation particle counter (CPC) cutoff size. It was also determined that a VPR was necessary to ensure that number instrument devices were only measuring non-volatile PM."--Abstract, page iii.
Book Synopsis Procedure for the Calculation of Non-Volatile Particulate Matter Sampling and Measurement System Losses and System Loss Correction Factors by : E-31P Particulate Matter Committee
Download or read book Procedure for the Calculation of Non-Volatile Particulate Matter Sampling and Measurement System Losses and System Loss Correction Factors written by E-31P Particulate Matter Committee and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) details the recommended process for correcting measured non-volatile Particulate Matter (nvPM) mass and number data for particle losses in the sampling and measurement system specified in ARP6320. This technique is only recommended for conditions where both nvPM mass and number concentration measurements are in the valid measurement ranges of the instruments which are discussed in the tool limitations section. This ARP also supplies an Excel® software tool with documentation to automate the process.The body of the ARP details the recommended calculation method, uncertainties and limitations of the system loss correction factors. It explains, in detail, the required inputs and outputs from the supplied Excel® software tool (developed on Windows 7, Excel® 2016). Also included are: The Excel® correction tools (Attachments I and V). Installation instructions for a Windows based computer (Attachment II). A user technical manual (Attachment III) describing functions used within the tool and optional Excel® add-in (Attachment VI). Multiple Sample Test Cases (Attachment IV).The Excel® tools are intended to do the full calculation described in AIR6504. This ARP provides documentation for the Excel® spreadsheet system loss tool lite version (nvPM System Loss Tool v2_5_Lite.xlsm). The difference between the full tool and lite tool is described in Appendix C. Attachments III and VI are also described in Appendix C. If the user has produced her/his own software for the AIR6504 correction, comparison of results from this tool may be used to verify that software.This ARP does not contain the full description of the sampling and measurement system described in ARP6320. The correction technique is only briefly discussed in this ARP. More detailed information is provided in the AIR6054. This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) details the recommended process for estimating non-volatile Particulate Matter (nvPM) mass and number concentrations at the engine exhaust nozzle exit plane (EENEP) of an aircraft gas turbine engine. This ARP details the process for determining sampling and measurement system particle loss correction factors that will allow non-volatile Particulate Matter (nvPM) mass and number data measured at the ARP6320 [Reference 2.1.1.1] instruments to be adjusted to represent values at the engine exhaust nozzle exit plane. It also supplies an Excel® software tool with documentation to automate the process.The nvPM sampling and measurement system described in ARP6320 has significant size dependent particle losses. These can be up to approximately 50% for nvPM mass concentration and up to approximately 90% for nvPM number concentration. The particle losses are size dependent and hence are dependent on engine operating condition, combustor technology and possibly other factors. Estimation of EENEP nvPM mass and number concentrations is improved by accounting for these losses.AIR6504 [Reference 2.1.1.2] discusses nvPM loss mechanisms in detail. AIR6504 also summarizes the technique to estimate correction factors for measured nvPM mass and number concentrations, using measured nvPM data and measured, or calculated, line and component penetration efficiencies. The technique described in AIR6504 requires the numerical solution of a set of non-linear equations.This ARP6481 summarizes the loss correction factor calculation method discussed in AIR6504 and supplies an Excel® tool to solve the non-linear equations.
Book Synopsis Recommended Practice for Filter Weighing of Particulate Matter Emissions by : Emissions Standards Committee
Download or read book Recommended Practice for Filter Weighing of Particulate Matter Emissions written by Emissions Standards Committee and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document describes particulate filter weigh-room recommended practices to provide guidance in the procedures and processes associated with gravimetric filter weighing of engine or vehicle particulate matter (PM) emissions. This recommended practice provides proper procedures to build and maintain a particulate filter weigh room or enclosure to meet the requirements of EPA's 40 CFR Part 1065 and ISO 14065 for obtaining low measurement uncertainty. The content of this recommended practice addresses the following areas: aParticulate Filter Weigh Room bMicrobalance Requirements cFilter Conditioning and Handling Requirements dWeighing Process eEquipment Calibration and Maintenance Since the introduction of the first particulate mass emissions standard for heavy-duty diesel engines in 1988, engine and vehicle manufacturers have substantially reduced particulate matter (PM) mass emissions from modern internal combustion engines. PM emissions standard levels have decreased from 0.6 g/bhp-h to the current 0.01 g/bhp-h over the U.S. Heavy Duty Federal Test Procedure (FTP). This reduction in PM emissions resulted mainly from improvements in fuel-air combustion, the introduction of high-pressure fuel injection systems, fuel property improvements, and exhaust aftertreatment.PM emissions from an engine or vehicle are measured using particulate matter sample filters. The low PM emissions limits currently required for many applications, and the widespread use of exhaust particulate filters to achieve them, have resulted in the need to measure very low PM sample filter masses.This document describes particulate filter weigh-room recommended practices to provide guidance in the procedures and processes associated with gravimetric filter weighing of engine or vehicle particulate matter emissions. This recommended practice provides proper procedures to build and maintain a particulate filter weigh room or enclosure to meet the requirements of EPA's 40 CFR Part 1065 and ISO 14065 for obtaining low measurement uncertainty.
Book Synopsis Development of Particulate Matter Mass Measurement Methods for Atmospheric Air Quality Monitoring and Very Low Vehicle Emissions by : Liem T. Pham
Download or read book Development of Particulate Matter Mass Measurement Methods for Atmospheric Air Quality Monitoring and Very Low Vehicle Emissions written by Liem T. Pham and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The public raises concerns about the exposure to particulate matter (PM) which has been strongly associated with illness and mortality. However, most of the studies relied on the measurements from stationary monitoring sites, which cannot capture the actual PM exposure for those at or near the source. In this study, both stationary and comprehensive mobile monitoring platforms were developed to measure PM concentration and traffic conditions on some major highways in Southern California. The main objective is to develop a set of alternative metrics that measure particle concentrations as well as particle size. Measurement of particle size distributions are useful but doing so to monitor a wide region is not practical. The use of a particle counter and a diffusion charger was investigated as a relatively simple means to measure spatiotemporally-resolved particle concentrations over a wide region using a mobile platform. While the condensation particle counter and electrical aerosol detector respectively measure particle number and particle active surface area concentrations, the ratio of surface area over number provides an additional information of particle size which is important for particle transport. Particle size distributions measured by scanning mobility particle sizer during ambient monitoring were used to verify the concept. The study found that alternative metrics (number, surface area, and ratio of surface area over number) can be used to monitor spatiotemporally resolved particle concentrations over a wide region. Gravimetric sampling methods on a chassis dynamometer were studied in accordance to Code of Federal Regulations. This study evaluated commercially available partial flow dilutors with a focus on their equivalency with the standard constant volume sampler system and the ability to provide reproducible measurements at low PM emission levels. As PM standards for light-duty vehicles are becoming more stringent, improving the confidence and understanding the mass measurement methods become one of the main goals for the industry and regulatory agencies. Simultaneous testing was conducted with three partial flow dilutors over the Federal Test Procedure and US06 drive cycles. The Federal Test Procedure had means that were statistically different for two of the three partial flow dilutors. As for the US06 tests, the mean differences were not statistically different. The performance of all partial flow dilutors also showed repeatable and accurate level of proportionality, which could easily meet the Code of Federal Regulations 1066 and 1065 requirements for all tests performed.
Download or read book Code of Federal Regulations written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 1262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special edition of the Federal Register, containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect ... with ancillaries.
Book Synopsis Procedure for the Calculation of Non-volatile Particulate Matter Sampling and Measurement System Penetration Functions and System Loss Correction Factors by : E-31P Particulate Matter Committee
Download or read book Procedure for the Calculation of Non-volatile Particulate Matter Sampling and Measurement System Penetration Functions and System Loss Correction Factors written by E-31P Particulate Matter Committee and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes a method for assessing size dependent particle losses in a sampling and measurement system of specified geometry utilizing the non-volatile PM (nvPM) mass and number concentrations measured at the end of the sampling system.1 The penetration functions of the sampling and measurement system may be determined either by measurement or by analytic computational methods.Loss mechanisms including thermophoretic (which has a very weak size dependence) and size dependent losses are considered in this method2 along with the uncertainties due to both measurement error and the assumptions of the method. The results of this system loss assessment allow development of estimated correction factors for nvPM mass and number concentrations to account for the system losses facilitating estimation of the nvPM mass and number at the engine exhaust nozzle exit plane. As the particle losses are size dependent, the magnitude of correction factors can vary as a function of many factors including combustor technology and engine operating condition.Implementation of the nvPM sampling and measurement system for aircraft engine testing, as per AIR6037, requires a sample line of up to 35 m and includes several sampling and measurement system components, which result in significant particle loss on the order of 50% for nvPM mass and 90% for nvPM number.The system loss correction factors are estimated based on a model with the following inputs and assumptions: engine exhaust exit plane nvPM have a lognormal distribution, known size dependent values of nvPM effective density and geometric standard deviation, a minimum particle size cut-off of 10 nm, and no coagulation. This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes a method for calculating correction factors to account for system particle losses when performing non-volatile Particulate Matter (nvPM) measurement as specified in AIR6037. Such sampling and measurement systems have significant line length and several components that result in particle losses. The particle losses are size dependent and hence depend on many factors including combustor technology and engine operating condition resulting in a reduction in measurement of the order of 50% for nvPM mass concentration and 90% for nvPM number concentration. Estimation of engine exit plane nvPM mass and number concentrations are improved by developing a calculation method to account for these losses. The approach used in this AIR will involve separate correction factors for measured nvPM mass and number concentrations, which will be calculated using measured or calculated line and component penetration efficiencies. These calculations will be based on assumptions of a lognormal particle size distribution at the engine exit with a known associated lognormal width, and an equivalent spherical particle shape with a corresponding known effective particle density. These resulting correction factors will then be used to estimate the total particle losses in the sampling and measurement system for nvPM mass and number, and will thus be used to infer the engine exit plane concentrations of nvPM mass and number. AIR6504 has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE Five-Year Review policy.
Book Synopsis Model Based Evaluation of the Differences Between Full and Partial Flow Particulate Matter Sampling Systems by : Nathan Brock Kimble
Download or read book Model Based Evaluation of the Differences Between Full and Partial Flow Particulate Matter Sampling Systems written by Nathan Brock Kimble and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Control Techniques for Particulate Emissions from Stationary Sources by :
Download or read book Control Techniques for Particulate Emissions from Stationary Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis WHO global air quality guidelines by : Weltgesundheitsorganisation
Download or read book WHO global air quality guidelines written by Weltgesundheitsorganisation and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of these updated global guidelines is to offer health-based air quality guideline levels, expressed as long-term or short-term concentrations for six key air pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. In addition, the guidelines provide interim targets to guide reduction efforts of these pollutants, as well as good practice statements for the management of certain types of PM (i.e., black carbon/elemental carbon, ultrafine particles, particles originating from sand and duststorms). These guidelines are not legally binding standards; however, they provide WHO Member States with an evidence-informed tool, which they can use to inform legislation and policy. Ultimately, the goal of these guidelines is to help reduce levels of air pollutants in order to decrease the enormous health burden resulting from the exposure to air pollution worldwide.
Author :National Center for Environmental Assessment (Research Triangle Park, N.C.) Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1100 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter by : National Center for Environmental Assessment (Research Triangle Park, N.C.)
Download or read book Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter written by National Center for Environmental Assessment (Research Triangle Park, N.C.) and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EPA-600/7 written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations by : National Research Council
Download or read book Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-04-07 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs discusses the need for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to implement a new method for estimating the amount of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, and other pollutants emitted from livestock and poultry farms, and for determining how these emissions are dispersed in the atmosphere. The committee calls for the EPA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture to establish a joint council to coordinate and oversee short - and long-term research to estimate emissions from animal feeding operations accurately and to develop mitigation strategies. Their recommendation was for the joint council to focus its efforts first on those pollutants that pose the greatest risk to the environment and public health.
