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Recent Land Reform In Iran And Cuba
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Book Synopsis Recent Land Reform in Iran and Cuba by : Fatemeh Ghorayshi
Download or read book Recent Land Reform in Iran and Cuba written by Fatemeh Ghorayshi and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land reform measures in Iran from 1962 are compared with the land reforms in Cuba begun in 1959. Three stages of land reform are described in Iran, initiated in 1962, 1963 and 1969. The limited changes introduced by the Shah's GovernI ment tended to favour larger and wealthier residents in the villages. A new class of "kulaks" has developed. Those absentee landlords whose lands were re-distributed were compensated by means of stocks in industrial enterprises. Peasants with small holdings, and the numerous class of landless rural workers, these groups (constituting up to onehalf of the village population) received little additional land. The net effect of the Iranian reforms has been to weaken the feudal elements in the countryside, and to strengthen capitalistic agriculture. At the same time, the class struggle between small farmers, sharecroppers and landless laborers, on the one side, and the richer farmers on the other hand - this struggle has been intensified. Many of the poorer peasants have migrated into the cities in search of work. In Cuba, the large estates were confiscated. About four-fifths of the confiscated lands were turned into large-scale state farms. The rest was given to those farmers whose holdings were below 165 acres, to bring them up to a "vital minimum". The first stage of Cuban land reform left 44 per cent of the land in the hands of the State; the second stage (1963) brought the holdings of the State to 60 per cent. The socialist sector undertook to modernize agriculture in the context of a national plan. Productivity was increased; technology was improved; sugar and cattle were the main industries. No drift of surplus rural workers to the cities has occurred. Workers are employed on the State farms, while new services such as education and health are taken out into the countryside. Though many problems remain in Cuba, land reform has been highly successful. By contrast, land reform in Iran has falled to resolve the basic contradictions in Iranian social structure. The reasons are briefly discussed.
Book Synopsis Iranian Land Reform by : John Hanessian
Download or read book Iranian Land Reform written by John Hanessian and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Land Reform in Iran by : Iran. Ministry of Information. Publications Department
Download or read book Land Reform in Iran written by Iran. Ministry of Information. Publications Department and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land Reform in Iran written by and published by . This book was released on 1966* with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Iran's Land Reform Program by : Iran. Land Reform Organization
Download or read book Iran's Land Reform Program written by Iran. Land Reform Organization and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis US Foreign Policy towards China, Cuba and Iran by : Greg Ryan
Download or read book US Foreign Policy towards China, Cuba and Iran written by Greg Ryan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-10 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, the United States saw itself as embodying the best system of government with a foreign policy goal of bringing this system to the rest of the world. While Washington has, at times, dealt more realistically with other great powers at odds with this view, it has also attempted to alienate lesser states who reject the American system. The policies of non-recognition of China, Cuba and Iran were marked instances of this phenomenon. As the Obama administration renewed ties with Cuba and contemplated a more cooperative relationship with Iran, staunch opposition arose in defence of maintaining the long-standing policy of disengagement with these regimes. Providing a timely explanation for the origins of and continued support for US policies of non-recognition toward China, Cuba and Iran, this book demonstrates the links between IR theory and US foreign policy through the lens of the English School concept of International Society. It identifies historic costs stemming from US policies of non-recognition, and cautions that maintaining an overly narrow frame for understanding global politics will cause greater difficulties for US foreign policy in the future. This book will be useful for American researchers, graduate students and upper-level undergraduates in IR and American Foreign Policy. The inclusion of English School concepts and contrasting of IR theory inside and outside the US should also make it appealing to students in the UK and Australia.
Book Synopsis Reform Cinema in Iran by : Blake Atwood
Download or read book Reform Cinema in Iran written by Blake Atwood and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2016-11-08 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is nearly impossible to separate contemporary Iranian cinema from the Islamic revolution that transformed film production in the country in the late 1970s. As the aims of the revolution shifted and hardened once Khomeini took power and as an eight-year war with Iraq dragged on, Iranian filmmakers confronted new restrictions. In the 1990s, however, the Reformist Movement, led by Mohammad Khatami, and the film industry, developed an unlikely partnership that moved audiences away from revolutionary ideas and toward a discourse of reform. In Reform Cinema in Iran, Blake Atwood examines how new industrial and aesthetic practices created a distinct cultural and political style in Iranian film between 1989 and 2007. Atwood analyzes a range of popular, art, and documentary films. He provides new readings of internationally recognized films such as Abbas Kiarostami's Taste of Cherry (1997) and Mohsen Makhmalbaf's Time for Love (1990), as well as those by Rakhshan Bani, Masud Kiami, and other key Iranian directors. At the same time, he also considers how filmmakers and the film industry were affected by larger political and religious trends that took shape during Mohammad Khatami's presidency (1997-2005). Atwood analyzes political speeches, religious sermons, and newspaper editorials and pays close attention to technological developments, particularly the rise of video, to determine their role in democratizing filmmaking and realizing the goals of political reform. He concludes with a look at the legacy of reform cinema, including films produced under Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, whose neoconservative discourse rejected the policies of reform that preceded him.
Book Synopsis Architects of Intervention by : Zachary Karabell
Download or read book Architects of Intervention written by Zachary Karabell and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Devindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform by : United States. Agency for International Development
Download or read book A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform written by United States. Agency for International Development and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 992 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform, June 1970 by :
Download or read book A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform, June 1970 written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform, June 1970 by : United States. Agency for International Development
Download or read book A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform, June 1970 written by United States. Agency for International Development and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform, June 1970: Analytical papers by :
Download or read book A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform, June 1970: Analytical papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Newsletter written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis News Letter by : United States. Dept. of State
Download or read book News Letter written by United States. Dept. of State and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 890 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Department of State News Letter by : United States. Department of State
Download or read book Department of State News Letter written by United States. Department of State and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cuban Missile Crisis by : Priscilla Roberts
Download or read book Cuban Missile Crisis written by Priscilla Roberts and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on revealing new research, this richly informative volume is the definitive concise introduction to the crisis that took the world to the brink of nuclear war. Cuban Missile Crisis: The Essential Reference Guide captures the historical context, the minute-by-minute drama, and the profound repercussions of the "Missiles of October" confrontation that brought the very real threat of nuclear attack to the United States' doorstep. Coinciding with the 50th anniversary of the crisis, it takes full advantage of recently opened Soviet archives as well as interviews with key Russian, Cuban, and U.S. officials to explore the event as it played out in Moscow, Havana, Washington, and other locations around the world. Cuban Missile Crisis contains an introductory essay by the author and alphabetically organized reference entries contributed by leading Cold War researchers. The book also includes an exceptionally comprehensive bibliography. Together, these resources give readers everything they need to understand the escalating tensions that led to the crisis as well as the intense diplomacy that resolved it, including new information about the back-channel negotiations between Robert Kennedy and Soviet ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin.
