Rebuilding for Resilience: A Barrier Island Case

Download Rebuilding for Resilience: A Barrier Island Case PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030655326
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rebuilding for Resilience: A Barrier Island Case by : Chamila Subasinghe

Download or read book Rebuilding for Resilience: A Barrier Island Case written by Chamila Subasinghe and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recurring extreme events of nature challenge disaster-prone settlements in complex ways. Devastating property damages are one of the tests of survival for such settlements in both economic and social terms. It also provides unique opportunities to rethink the environment cleared by massive natural disasters. However, rebuilding for long-term resiliency is one of the least investigated areas, particularly when employing tacit knowledge in the sustainable recovery process. This book builds a discursive field around the post-disaster rebuilding of Bolivar Peninsula aftermath Hurricane Ike to demonstrate reciprocity between disaster absorptive ecological formations such as barrier islands and their exploitative human occupation. In the process, it investigates the nexus between connectivity among open space networks to various levels of surge damage among Bolivar spontaneous settlements. Beyond scientific analyses, the Hurricane Ike study triangulates syntactical methods with structured observations and statistical analyses to offer a holistic reporting model for emerging scholars and independent investigators, which one may find quite absent in the mainstream disaster studies and journalism.

Resilience by Design

Download Resilience by Design PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319306413
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Resilience by Design by : Alexandra Jayeun Lee

Download or read book Resilience by Design written by Alexandra Jayeun Lee and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-24 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses that disasters, whether natural or man-made, are essentially a human phenomenon. When a city becomes gridlocked and its resources depleted, the collective resilience of those who remain on the ground becomes critical to its immediate survival and recovery. The author argues that in order to build resilient futures for our urban environment, we need more than the skills of architects, engineers, and planners. Support of local communities and policymakers is also needed. The book revisits the recent catastrophic events: the earthquakes in Port-au-Prince and Christchurch, and the hurricane in New Orleans, and places emphasis on the social, cultural, and political processes of rebuilding houses, facilities, and infrastructure that often go unnoticed. Understanding the wider context for how a built project comes to be, the author argues, is a solid indicator of its longevity than by the measure of its material characteristics alone, and gives us reasons to question the validity of our intentions as designers of the future. This book provides strategies for thinking about, assessing, and developing ways for place-makers from all disciplines to become responsible citizen designers of our cities.

Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters

Download Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309316227
Total Pages : 535 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-10 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the devastation that follows a major disaster, there is a need for multiple sectors to unite and devote new resources to support the rebuilding of infrastructure, the provision of health and social services, the restoration of care delivery systems, and other critical recovery needs. In some cases, billions of dollars from public, private and charitable sources are invested to help communities recover. National rhetoric often characterizes these efforts as a "return to normal." But for many American communities, pre-disaster conditions are far from optimal. Large segments of the U.S. population suffer from preventable health problems, experience inequitable access to services, and rely on overburdened health systems. A return to pre-event conditions in such cases may be short-sighted given the high costs - both economic and social - of poor health. Instead, it is important to understand that the disaster recovery process offers a series of unique and valuable opportunities to improve on the status quo. Capitalizing on these opportunities can advance the long-term health, resilience, and sustainability of communities - thereby better preparing them for future challenges. Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters identifies and recommends recovery practices and novel programs most likely to impact overall community public health and contribute to resiliency for future incidents. This book makes the case that disaster recovery should be guided by a healthy community vision, where health considerations are integrated into all aspects of recovery planning before and after a disaster, and funding streams are leveraged in a coordinated manner and applied to health improvement priorities in order to meet human recovery needs and create healthy built and natural environments. The conceptual framework presented in Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters lays the groundwork to achieve this goal and provides operational guidance for multiple sectors involved in community planning and disaster recovery. Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters calls for actions at multiple levels to facilitate recovery strategies that optimize community health. With a shared healthy community vision, strategic planning that prioritizes health, and coordinated implementation, disaster recovery can result in a communities that are healthier, more livable places for current and future generations to grow and thrive - communities that are better prepared for future adversities.

Building Community Resilience to Disasters

Download Building Community Resilience to Disasters PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0833052098
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Building Community Resilience to Disasters by : Anita Chandra

Download or read book Building Community Resilience to Disasters written by Anita Chandra and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2011 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community resilience, or the sustained ability of a community to withstand and recover from adversity has become a key policy issue at federal, state, and local levels, including in the National Health Security Strategy. Because resources are limited in the wake of an emergency, it is increasingly recognized that resilience is critical to a community's ability to reduce long recovery periods after an emergency. This report provides a roadmap for federal, state, and local leaders who are developing plans to enhance community resilience for health security threats and describes options for building community resilience in key areas. Based on findings from a literature review and a series of community and regional focus groups, the authors provide a definition of community resilience in the context of national health security and a set of eight levers and five core components for building resilience. They then describe suggested activities that communities are pursuing and may want to strengthen for community resilience, and they identify challenges to implementation.

The State of Resilience

Download The State of Resilience PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309473691
Total Pages : 95 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The State of Resilience by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book The State of Resilience written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-07-11 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, resilience has gained significant traction across the nation and innovative programs are showing exciting progress in building resilient communities. For communities to be prepared for future extreme weather and climate events, as well as the chronic daily stressors, the momentum of implementing and taking action to build community resilience should continue to be fostered and expanded. Building on its many efforts dedicated to increasing and enhancing resilience, the Resilient America Roundtable hosted the State of Resilience Leadership Forum and Community Workshop on June 28 and 29, 2016. This activity brought together diverse decision makers, experts, practitioners, and community stakeholders, including representatives from academia, government, the private sector, foundations, and nonprofit organizations, to consider the results of years of investment, experimentation, and research in building resilience, take stock of these many initiatives and efforts, and share their experiences in building more resilient communities. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Rebuilding Communities After Displacement

Download Rebuilding Communities After Displacement PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031214145
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rebuilding Communities After Displacement by : Mo Hamza

Download or read book Rebuilding Communities After Displacement written by Mo Hamza and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-19 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a collection of double-blind peer reviewed papers under the scope of sustainable and resilient approaches for rebuilding displaced and host communities. Forced displacement is a major development challenge, not only a humanitarian concern. A surge in violent conflict, as well as increasing levels of disaster risk and environmental degradation driven by climate change, has forced people to leave or flee their homes – both internally displaced as well as refugees. The rate of forced displacement befalling in different countries all over the world today is phenomenal, with an increasingly higher rate of the population being affected on daily basis than ever. These displacement situations are becoming increasingly protracted, many lasting over 5 years. Therefore, there is a need to develop more sustainable and resilient approaches to rebuild these displaced communities ensuring the long-term satisfaction of communities and enhancing the social cohesion between the displaced and host communities. Accordingly, chapters are arranged around five main themes of rebuilding communities after displacement. Response management for displaced communities The Built environment in resettlement planning Governance of displacement Socio-Economic interventions for sustainable resettlement

Gumbo Life: Tales from the Roux Bayou

Download Gumbo Life: Tales from the Roux Bayou PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393254844
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (932 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Gumbo Life: Tales from the Roux Bayou by : Ken Wells

Download or read book Gumbo Life: Tales from the Roux Bayou written by Ken Wells and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2019-02-26 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sprightly, deeply personal narrative about how gumbo—for 250 years a Cajun and Creole secret—has become one of the world’s most beloved dishes. Ask any self-respecting Louisianan who makes the best gumbo and the answer is universal: “Momma.” The product of a melting pot of culinary influences, gumbo, in fact, reflects the diversity of the people who cooked it up: French aristocrats, West Africans in bondage, Cajun refugees, German settlers, Native Americans—all had a hand in the pot. What is it about gumbo that continues to delight and nourish so many? And what explains its spread around the world? A seasoned journalist, Ken Wells sleuths out the answers. His obsession goes back to his childhood in the Cajun bastion of Bayou Black, where his French-speaking mother’s gumbo often began with a chicken chased down in the yard. Back then, gumbo was a humble soup little known beyond the boundaries of Louisiana. So when a homesick young Ken, at college in Missouri, realized there wasn’t a restaurant that could satisfy his gumbo cravings, he called his momma for the recipe. That phone-taught gumbo was a disaster. The second, cooked at his mother’s side, fueled a lifelong quest to explore gumbo’s roots and mysteries. In Gumbo Life: Tales from the Roux Bayou, Wells does just that. He spends time with octogenarian chefs who turn the lowly coot into gourmet gumbo; joins a team at a highly competitive gumbo contest; visits a factory that churns out gumbo by the ton; observes the gumbo-making rituals of an iconic New Orleans restaurant where high-end Creole cooking and Cajun cuisine first merged. Gumbo Life, rendered in Wells’ affable prose, makes clear that gumbo is more than simply a delicious dish: it’s an attitude, a way of seeing the world. For all who read its pages, this is a tasty culinary memoir—to be enjoyed and shared like a simmering pot of gumbo.

Rebuilding Sustainable Communities for Children and their Families after Disasters

Download Rebuilding Sustainable Communities for Children and their Families after Disasters PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443818208
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rebuilding Sustainable Communities for Children and their Families after Disasters by : Adenrele Awotona

Download or read book Rebuilding Sustainable Communities for Children and their Families after Disasters written by Adenrele Awotona and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2009-12-14 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disasters impose enormous misery on children, the most vulnerable members of the community. Records show that two million children have died as a direct consequence of armed conflict over the past decade. Globally, millions more have suffered death, disease, and dislocation as a result of such natural disasters as earthquakes, droughts, and floods. And even when emergency relief is available, permanent human damage remains; all too often, families fall apart, women are assaulted and degraded, and children are left to take care of themselves. In November 2008, the Center for Rebuilding Sustainable Communities after Disasters at the University of Massachusetts Boston, USA, hosted an international conference to examine how to reconstruct sustainable communities that would be safe and secure for children and their families after disasters. This volume collects some of the papers that were presented at the conference. It is remarkable for the sheer assortment of topics covered. These include the role of gender equality in alleviating poverty and assisting children, their families and their communities after disasters; war and child soldiers; lessons from Hurricane Katrina and the Tsunami; the nature of psychosocial resilience and its significance for managing mass emergencies, disasters and terrorism; and, the promotion of human dignity in the creation of sustainable environments that empower families in the aftermath of disasters.

Royal Resilience

Download Royal Resilience PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781718176508
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (765 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Royal Resilience by : Kendra Kinnison

Download or read book Royal Resilience written by Kendra Kinnison and published by . This book was released on 2018-11-05 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On August 25, 2017, Hurricane Harvey made landfall on the Texas Gulf Coast near Mustang Island. Our resort was significantly impacted, and this book shares our journey through the storm and first year of recovery.You'll see inside our crisis management, community service, training, leadership development, and physical rebuilding - from the darkest days to the celebration of each milestone.We hope this book is a testament to resilience, teamwork, faith, courage, and a spirit of service.We are #portroyalstrong, and this is our story.All proceeds from the sale of this book (less direct printing costs) are being donated to the Port Royal Strong Foundation.

The Geography of Risk

Download The Geography of Risk PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Sarah Crichton Books
ISBN 13 : 0374718520
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (747 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Geography of Risk by : Gilbert M. Gaul

Download or read book The Geography of Risk written by Gilbert M. Gaul and published by Sarah Crichton Books. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This century has seen the costliest hurricanes in U.S. history—but who bears the brunt of these monster storms? Consider this: Five of the most expensive hurricanes in history have made landfall since 2005: Katrina ($160 billion), Ike ($40 billion), Sandy ($72 billion), Harvey ($125 billion), and Maria ($90 billion). With more property than ever in harm’s way, and the planet and oceans warming dangerously, it won’t be long before we see a $250 billion hurricane. Why? Because Americans have built $3 trillion worth of property in some of the riskiest places on earth: barrier islands and coastal floodplains. And they have been encouraged to do so by what Gilbert M. Gaul reveals in The Geography of Risk to be a confounding array of federal subsidies, tax breaks, low-interest loans, grants, and government flood insurance that shift the risk of life at the beach from private investors to public taxpayers, radically distorting common notions of risk. These federal incentives, Gaul argues, have resulted in one of the worst planning failures in American history, and the costs to taxpayers are reaching unsustainable levels. We have become responsible for a shocking array of coastal amenities: new roads, bridges, buildings, streetlights, tennis courts, marinas, gazebos, and even spoiled food after hurricanes. The Geography of Risk will forever change the way you think about the coasts, from the clash between economic interests and nature, to the heated politics of regulators and developers.

Taking Chances

Download Taking Chances PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813573785
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Taking Chances by : Karen M. O'Neill

Download or read book Taking Chances written by Karen M. O'Neill and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2016-06-03 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity is deeply committed to living along the world’s shores, but a catastrophic storm like Sandy—which took hundreds of lives and caused many billions of dollars in damages—shines a bright light at how costly and vulnerable life on a shoreline can be. Taking Chances offers a wide-ranging exploration of the diverse challenges of Sandy and asks if this massive event will really change how coastal living and development is managed. Bringing together leading researchers—including biologists, urban planners, utilities experts, and climatologists, among others—Taking Chances illuminates reactions to the dangers revealed by Sandy. Focusing on New Jersey, New York, and other hard-hit areas, the contributors explore whether Hurricane Sandy has indeed transformed our perceptions of coastal hazards, if we have made radically new plans in response to Sandy, and what we think should be done over the long run to improve coastal resilience. Surprisingly, one essay notes that while a large majority of New Jerseyans identified Sandy with climate change and favored carefully assessing the likelihood of damage from future storms before rebuilding the Shore, their political leaders quickly poured millions into reconstruction. Indeed, much here is disquieting. One contributor points out that investors scared off from further investments on the shore are quickly replaced by new investors, sustaining or increasing the overall human exposure to risk. Likewise, a study of the Gowanus Canal area of Brooklyn shows that, even after Sandy swamped the area with toxic flood waters, plans to convert abandoned industrial lots around the canal into high-density condominiums went on undeterred. By contrast, utilities, emergency officials, and others who routinely make long-term plans have changed operations in response to the storm, and provide examples of adaptation in the face of climate change. Will Sandy be a tipping point in coastal policy debates—or simply dismissed as a once-in-a-century anomaly? This thought-provoking collection of essays in Taking Chances makes an important contribution to this debate.

Climate Savvy

Download Climate Savvy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Island Press
ISBN 13 : 1597266868
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (972 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Climate Savvy by : Lara J. Hansen

Download or read book Climate Savvy written by Lara J. Hansen and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change demands a change in how we envision, prioritize, and implement conservation and management of natural resources. Addressing threats posed by climate change cannot be simply an afterthought or an addendum, but must be integrated into the very framework of how we conceive of and conduct conservation and management. In Climate Savvy, climate change experts Lara Hansen and Jennifer Hoffman offer 18 chapters that consider the implications of climate change for key resource management issues of our time—invasive species, corridors and connectivity, ecological restoration, pollution, and many others. How will strategies need to change to facilitate adaptation to a new climate regime? What steps can we take to promote resilience? Based on collaboration with a wide range of scientists, conservation leaders, and practitioners, the authors present general ideas as well as practical steps and strategies that can help cope with this new reality. While climate change poses real threats, it also provides a chance for creative new thinking. Climate Savvy offers a wide-ranging exploration of how scientists, managers, and policymakers can use the challenge of climate change as an opportunity to build a more holistic and effective philosophy that embraces the inherent uncertainty and variability of the natural world to work toward a more robust future.

Barrier Dynamics and Response to Changing Climate

Download Barrier Dynamics and Response to Changing Climate PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319680862
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Barrier Dynamics and Response to Changing Climate by : Laura J. Moore

Download or read book Barrier Dynamics and Response to Changing Climate written by Laura J. Moore and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-17 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents chapters, written by leading coastal scientists, which collectively depict the current understanding of the processes that shape barrier islands and barrier spits, with an emphasis on the response of these landforms to changing conditions. A majority of the world’s population lives along the coast at the dynamic intersection between terrestrial and marine ecosystems and landscapes. As narrow, low-lying landforms, barriers are especially vulnerable to changes in sea level, storminess, the geographic distribution of grass species, and the rate of sand supply—some barriers will undergo rapid changes in state (e.g., from landward migrating to disintegrating), on human time scales. Attempts by humans to prevent change can hasten the loss of these landforms, threatening their continued existence as well as the recreational, financial and ecosystem service benefits they provide. Understanding the processes and interactions that drive landscape response to climate change and human actions is essential to adaptation. As managers and governments struggle to plan for the future along low-lying coasts worldwide, and scientists conduct research that provides useful guidance, this volume offers a much-needed compilation for these groups, as well as a window into the science of barrier dynamics for anyone who is generally interested in the impacts of a changing world on coastal environments.

Rebuilding Lives Post-Disaster

Download Rebuilding Lives Post-Disaster PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190942193
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rebuilding Lives Post-Disaster by : Julie L. Drolet

Download or read book Rebuilding Lives Post-Disaster written by Julie L. Drolet and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social workers are increasingly engaged in supporting individuals and communities in long-term disaster recovery. Rebuilding Lives Post-Disaster brings together an international team of social work researchers who have investigated the experiences, perspectives, challenges, and complexities in disaster recovery. It features country case studies drawing from field research undertaken in disaster-affected communities in Canada, the United States, Australia, India, Pakistan, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, and China. In so doing, the volume provides a comprehensive perspective on the realities of disaster recovery and explores key concepts such as resilience, community-based disaster risk reduction, and social and gendered construction of vulnerability and capabilities. Undergraduate and graduate students and professionals in the fields of social work, community development, international social work, emergency management, and related fields will find the text to be a helpful resource.

A New Coast

Download A New Coast PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 1642830127
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A New Coast by : Jeffrey Peterson

Download or read book A New Coast written by Jeffrey Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-26 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More severe storms and rising seas will inexorably push the American coastline inland with profound impact on communities, infrastructure, and natural systems. In A New Coast, Jeffrey Peterson presents the science behind predictions for coastal impacts and explains how current policies fall short of what's needed to prepare for these changes. He outlines a framework of bold, new national policies and funding to support local and state governments. Peterson calls for engagement of citizens, the private sector, as well as local and national leaders in a "campaign for a new coast." This is a forward-looking volume offering new insights for policymakers, planners, business leaders preparing for the changes coming to America's coast.

Environmental Impact Statement (draft)

Download Environmental Impact Statement (draft) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Environmental Impact Statement (draft) by : Geological Survey (U.S.)

Download or read book Environmental Impact Statement (draft) written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Lifelines

Download Lifelines PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464814317
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Lifelines by : Stephane Hallegatte

Download or read book Lifelines written by Stephane Hallegatte and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-07-16 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infrastructure—electricity, telecommunications, roads, water, and sanitation—are central to people’s lives. Without it, they cannot make a living, stay healthy, and maintain a good quality of life. Access to basic infrastructure is also a key driver of economic development. This report lays out a framework for understanding infrastructure resilience - the ability of infrastructure systems to function and meet users’ needs during and after a natural hazard. It focuses on four infrastructure systems that are essential to economic activity and people’s well-being: power systems, including the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity; water and sanitation—especially water utilities; transport systems—multiple modes such as road, rail, waterway, and airports, and multiple scales, including urban transit and rural access; and telecommunications, including telephone and Internet connections.