Natural causes of language

Download Natural causes of language PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Language Science Press
ISBN 13 : 3944675509
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (446 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Natural causes of language by : N. J. Enfield

Download or read book Natural causes of language written by N. J. Enfield and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2014-11-21 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What causes a language to be the way it is? Some features are universal, some are inherited, others are borrowed, and yet others are internally innovated. But no matter where a bit of language is from, it will only exist if it has been diffused and kept in circulation through social interaction in the history of a community. This book makes the case that a proper understanding of the ontology of language systems has to be grounded in the causal mechanisms by which linguistic items are socially transmitted, in communicative contexts. A \textit{biased transmission} model provides a basis for understanding why certain things and not others are likely to develop, spread, and stick in languages. Because bits of language are always parts of systems, we also need to show how it is that items of knowledge and behavior become structured wholes. The book argues that to achieve this, we need to see how causal processes apply in multiple frames or ``time scales'' simultaneously, and we need to understand and address each and all of these frames in our work on language. This forces us to confront implications that are not always comfortable: for example, that ``a language'' is not a real thing but a convenient fiction, that language-internal and language-external processes have a lot in common, and that tree diagrams are poor conceptual tools for understanding the history of languages. By exploring avenues for clear solutions to these problems, this book suggests a conceptual framework for ultimately explaining, in causal terms, what languages are like and why they are like that.}

Reasons for Language

Download Reasons for Language PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9179297919
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (792 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reasons for Language by : Michaela Socher

Download or read book Reasons for Language written by Michaela Socher and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The usage-based model of language acquisition assumes that language is learned by its usage. General cognitive processes, especially analogical reasoning ability, are assumed to lead to the understanding of words and grammatical structures. It has been argued that the time of language or auditory deprivation children with cochlear implants (CIs) often experience early in life, might affect both their language and their cognitive abilities. Children with CIs have disadvantages in terms of language acquisition as they start receiving language input later than peers with typical hearing (TH), and the perceptual quality of the input is reduced. However, they might have additional difficulties in language acquisition if their analogical reasoning ability is negatively influenced by the language or auditory deprivation early in life. The results found in this thesis show that the language delays often seen in children with CIs are not explained by differences in analogical reasoning ability. Results indicate that analogical reasoning ability has a limited influence on language acquisition for the tested age-group. However, language abilities affect the performance on analogical reasoning tasks which are either verbal or can be supported by verbal strategies. This needs to be taken into consideration when comparing analogical reasoning ability of children with CI sand children with TH. In addition, the results from this thesis indicate that the structure of the mental lexicon is associated with the communication skills of children with CIs. The structure of the mental lexicon is most likely influenced by the amount of language input a child receives. The main implication of the results is that emphasis should be put on reducing the duration of language deprivation and to improve the quality of the language input for children with CIs.

The Encyclopaedia Britannica

Download The Encyclopaedia Britannica PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1016 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Encyclopaedia Britannica by : Hugh Chisholm

Download or read book The Encyclopaedia Britannica written by Hugh Chisholm and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 1016 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Language Policy and Language Planning

Download Language Policy and Language Planning PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137576472
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Language Policy and Language Planning by : Sue Wright

Download or read book Language Policy and Language Planning written by Sue Wright and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised second edition is a comprehensive overview of why we speak the languages that we do. It covers language learning imposed by political and economic agendas as well as language choices entered into willingly for reasons of social mobility, economic advantage and group identity.

The Ingenious Language

Download The Ingenious Language PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Europa Editions
ISBN 13 : 1609455460
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Ingenious Language by : Andrea Marcolongo

Download or read book The Ingenious Language written by Andrea Marcolongo and published by Europa Editions. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Italian journalist pleads her case for learning ancient Greek in modern times. For word nerds, language loons, and grammar geeks, an impassioned and informative literary leap into the wonders of the Greek language. Here are nine ways Greek can transform your relationship to time and to those around you, nine reflections on the language of Sappho, Plato, and Thucydides, and its relevance to our lives today, nine chapters that will leave readers with a new passion for a very old language, nine epic reasons to love Greek. The Ingenious Language is a love song dedicated to the language of history’s greatest poets, philosophers, adventurers, lovers, adulterers, and generals. Greek, as Marcolongo explains in her buoyant and entertaining prose, is unsurpassed in its beauty and expressivity, but it can also offer us new ways of seeing the world and our place in it. She takes readers on an astonishing journey, at the end of which, while it may still be Greek to you, you’ll have nine reasons to be glad it is. No batteries or prior knowledge of Greek required! Praise for The Ingenious Language “Andrea Marcolongo is today’s Montaigne. She possesses an amazing familiarity with the classics combined with the ease and lightness of those who surf the web.” —André Aciman, New York Times–bestselling author of Find Me “[Marcolongo’s] declaration of love for Ancient Greek does more than celebrate the virtues of its grammar, it shows us modern fools how this language can help us understand ourselves better and live a better life.” —Le Monde (France)

Knowledge of Language

Download Knowledge of Language PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Holt McDougal
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Knowledge of Language by : Noam Chomsky

Download or read book Knowledge of Language written by Noam Chomsky and published by Holt McDougal. This book was released on 1986 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Attempts to indentify the fundamental concepts of language, argues that the study of language reveals hidden facts about the mind, and looks at the impact of propaganda".

The Adaptive Value of Languages: Non-Linguistic Causes of Language Diversity

Download The Adaptive Value of Languages: Non-Linguistic Causes of Language Diversity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889456315
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Adaptive Value of Languages: Non-Linguistic Causes of Language Diversity by : Antonio Benítez-Burraco

Download or read book The Adaptive Value of Languages: Non-Linguistic Causes of Language Diversity written by Antonio Benítez-Burraco and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-11-08 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this eBook is to shed light on the non-linguistic causes of language diversity, and in particular, to explore the possibility that some aspects of the structure of languages may result from an adaptation to the natural and/or human-made environment. Traditionally, language diversity has been claimed to result from random, internally-motivated changes in language structure. However, ongoing research suggests instead that different factors that are external to language can promote language change and ultimately account for aspects of language diversity, specifically features of the social and physical environments. The contributions in this eBook discuss whether some aspects of languages are an adaptation to ecological, social, or even technological niches.

The Adaptive Value of Languages: Non-linguistic Causes of Language Diversity, volume II

Download The Adaptive Value of Languages: Non-linguistic Causes of Language Diversity, volume II PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832546463
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Adaptive Value of Languages: Non-linguistic Causes of Language Diversity, volume II by : Antonio Benítez-Burraco

Download or read book The Adaptive Value of Languages: Non-linguistic Causes of Language Diversity, volume II written by Antonio Benítez-Burraco and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-03-18 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Topic is the second volume of "The Adaptive Value of Languages: Non-Linguistic Causes of Language Diversity". Please see the first volume here.The goal of this Research Topic is to shed light on the non-linguistic causes of language diversity and, specifically, to explore the possibility that some aspects of the structure of languages may result from an adaptation to the natural and/or human-made environment. Traditionally, language diversity has been claimed to result from random, internally-motivated changes in language structure. Ongoing research suggests instead that different factors that are external to language can promote language change and ultimately account for aspects of language diversity. Accordingly, linguistic complexity has been found to correlate with features of the social environment, such as the absence of cross-cultural exchanges or the number of native speakers. Likewise, language structure could be influenced by the physical environment, as the effect of dry climates on tone seemingly shows. Finally, core properties of human languages, like duality of patterning, have been argued to result from iterative learning and cultural evolution, as research in village sign languages illustrates. On the whole this means that some aspects of languages could be an adaptation to ecological, social, or even technological niches. Eventually, certain gene alleles, provided that they bias language acquisition or processing, may affect language change through iterated cultural transmission, and ultimately, to language structure.

Internal and External Causes of Language Change

Download Internal and External Causes of Language Change PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031309766
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (313 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Internal and External Causes of Language Change by : Nikolaos Lavidas

Download or read book Internal and External Causes of Language Change written by Nikolaos Lavidas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-26 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume collects ten studies that propose modern methodologies of analyzing and explaining language change in the case of various morpho-phonological and morpho-syntactic characteristics. The studies were first presented in the fourth, fifth and sixth workshops at the “Language Variation and Change in Ancient and Medieval Europe” summer schools, organized on the island of Naxos, Cyclades, Greece and online between 2019 and 2021. The book is divided into two parts that both focus on modern tools and methodologies of analyzing and accounting for language change. The first part focuses on common directions of change in Indo-European languages and beyond, and the second part emphasizes explanations that reveal the role of language contact. The volume promotes a dialogue between approaches to language change having their starting point in structural and typological aspects of the history of languages on the one hand, and approaches concentrating on external factors on the other. Through this dialogue, the volume enriches knowledge on the contrast or complementarity of internally- and externally-motivated causes of language change.

When Languages Die

Download When Languages Die PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195372069
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis When Languages Die by : K. David Harrison

Download or read book When Languages Die written by K. David Harrison and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is commonly agreed by linguists and anthropologists that the majority of languages spoken now around the globe will likely disappear within our lifetime. This text focuses on the question: what is lost when a language dies?

Reversing Language Shift

Download Reversing Language Shift PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Multilingual Matters
ISBN 13 : 9781853591211
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (912 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reversing Language Shift by : Joshua A. Fishman

Download or read book Reversing Language Shift written by Joshua A. Fishman and published by Multilingual Matters. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the theory and practice of assistance to speech-communities whose native languages are threatened because their intergenerational continuity is proceeding negatively, with fewer and fewer speakers (or readers, writers and even understanders) every generation.

Basics of Latin

Download Basics of Latin PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Zondervan Academic
ISBN 13 : 0310539005
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Basics of Latin by : Derek Cooper

Download or read book Basics of Latin written by Derek Cooper and published by Zondervan Academic. This book was released on 2020-09-08 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basics of Latin: A Grammar with Readings and Exercises from the Christian Tradition by Derek Cooper introduces students, independent learners, and homeschoolers to the basics of Latin grammar with all readings and exercises taken from texts in the Christian tradition. As part of the widely-used Zondervan Language Basics series of resources, Cooper's Latin grammar is a student-friendly introduction. It helps students learn by: Minimizing technical jargon Providing only the information needed to learn the basics Breaking the grammar of language down into manageable and intuitive chunks Illustrating the grammar in question by its use in rich selections from ancient Christian authors. Providing grammar, readings, exercises, and a lexicon all in one convenient volume. Basics of Latin provides an ideal first step into this important language and focuses on getting the student into texts and translation as quickly as possible.

The Thorough Scholar; or, the nature of language, with the reasons, principles, and rules of English grammar, etc

Download The Thorough Scholar; or, the nature of language, with the reasons, principles, and rules of English grammar, etc PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (22 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Thorough Scholar; or, the nature of language, with the reasons, principles, and rules of English grammar, etc by : Daniel Adams

Download or read book The Thorough Scholar; or, the nature of language, with the reasons, principles, and rules of English grammar, etc written by Daniel Adams and published by . This book was released on 1814 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching

Download An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351213849
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching by : Keith Johnson

Download or read book An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching written by Keith Johnson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching provides an engaging, student-friendly guide to the field of foreign language learning and teaching. Aimed at students with no background in the area and taking a task-based approach, this book: introduces the theoretical and practical aspects of both learning and teaching; provides discussion and workshop activities throughout each chapter of the book, along with further reading and reflection tasks; deals with classroom- and task-based teaching, and covers lesson planning and testing, making the book suitable for use on practical training courses; analyses different learning styles and suggests strategies to improve language acquisition; includes examples from foreign language learning in Russian, French, and German, as well as English; is accompanied by a brand new companion website at www.routledge.com/cw/johnson, which contains additional material, exercises, and weblinks. Written by an experienced teacher and author, An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching is essential reading for students beginning their study in the area, as well as teachers in training and those already working in the field.

101 Conversations in Intermediate English

Download 101 Conversations in Intermediate English PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781914190124
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis 101 Conversations in Intermediate English by : Olly Richards

Download or read book 101 Conversations in Intermediate English written by Olly Richards and published by . This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *** New Intermediate Edition! *** Improve your spoken English from home with 101 real-world conversations in intermediate English. Real English people don't speak like your textbook... so it's no wonder you feel unprepared when it's your turn to speak! This book fixes that. For the first time, you'll learn to move beyond beginner level, and speak English in the real world! With 101 authentic conversations in intermediate English, so you'll become confident in the words, phrases and expressions you need to communicate like a local. 101 Conversations in Intermediate English transports you into a real-world story that unfolds between six English characters, told by the people themselves. Over 15,000 words of real English, you'll immerse yourself in a gripping English drama and get an education in natural English in the process. Here's what you'll get: 101 conversations in intermediate English, so you can learn the real English spoken in the street, understand spoken English with ease, and have English roll off your tongue more fluently Over 15,000 words of dialogue - an unparalleled resource that will immerse you in English, at a level you can understand. You'll learn real spoken English without getting lost or overwhelmed Real, daily spoken English throughout - it's as if we held up a microphone and recorded the exact words coming out of people's mouths - so you can learn the expressions that real people use on the street (not in textbooks). You'll sound more authentic when you speak and make English-speaking friends more easily. Situational dialogues from typical daily circumstances, so you can prepare yourself to survive realistic English encounters, in shops, cafés, and on the street, making meeting people second nature Conversations that are carefully written to be accessible for intermediate learners (B1-B2 on the CEFR), so you can learn from real, spoken conversations, without having to go through the rollercoaster of difficult conversations with strangers Each conversation is limited to around 15 lines of dialogue (150 words), so you can get that crucial sense of achievement and motivation when you finish each conversation, and say "I actually understood all of that!" Summaries of each conversation which contextualise each dialogue, so you can easily follow the plot and enjoy the story without getting lost The story is set in England and includes expressions that are typical in British English. However, since the conversations use mostly "neutral" English, you'll have plenty to learn, whether you're learning the English of America, England, or Australia. Created by Olly Richards, internationally-renowned language teacher and author, 101 Conversations in Intermediate English gives you an experience in real English that you won't find anywhere else. You'll be better prepared for using English in the real world, speak with more confidence, and take a giant leap towards fluency in English! SCROLL UP AND GRAB YOUR COPY NOW

Some Reasons for Thinking, that the Greek Language was Borrowed from the Chinese

Download Some Reasons for Thinking, that the Greek Language was Borrowed from the Chinese PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Some Reasons for Thinking, that the Greek Language was Borrowed from the Chinese by : Daniel Webb

Download or read book Some Reasons for Thinking, that the Greek Language was Borrowed from the Chinese written by Daniel Webb and published by . This book was released on 1787 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Students' Right to Their Own Language

Download Students' Right to Their Own Language PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Macmillan Higher Education
ISBN 13 : 1457689944
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (576 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Students' Right to Their Own Language by : Staci Perryman-Clark

Download or read book Students' Right to Their Own Language written by Staci Perryman-Clark and published by Macmillan Higher Education. This book was released on 2014-03-01 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Students’ Right to Their Own Language collects perspectives from some of the field’s most influential scholars to provide a foundation for understanding the historical and theoretical context informing the affirmation of all students’ right to exist in their own languages. Co-published with the National Council for Teachers of English, this critical sourcebook archives decades of debate about the implications of the statement and explores how it translates to practical strategies for fostering linguistic diversity in the classroom.