Reasoning Rationality And Probability

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Reasoning, Rationality, and Probability

Author : Maria Carla Galavotti
Publisher : Center for the Study of Language and Information Publica Tion
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Reasoning, Rationality, and Probability by : Maria Carla Galavotti

Download or read book Reasoning, Rationality, and Probability written by Maria Carla Galavotti and published by Center for the Study of Language and Information Publica Tion. This book was released on 2008 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume broadens our concept of reasoning and rationality to allow for a more pluralistic and situational view of human thinking as a practical activity. Drawing on contributors across disciplines including philosophy, economics, psychology, statistics, computer science, engineering, and physics, Reasoning, Rationality, and Probability argues that the search for strong theories should leave room for the construction of context-sensitive conceptual tools. Both science and everyday life, the authors argue, are too complex and multifaceted to be forced into ready-made schemata.

Bayesian Rationality

Author : Mike Oaksford
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198524498
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Bayesian Rationality by : Mike Oaksford

Download or read book Bayesian Rationality written by Mike Oaksford and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-22 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For almost 2,500 years, the Western concept of what is to be human has been dominated by the idea that the mind is the seat of reason - humans are, almost by definition, the rational animal. In this text a more radical suggestion for explaining these puzzling aspects of human reasoning is put forward.

The Roots of Reason

Author : David Papineau
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191516082
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Roots of Reason by : David Papineau

Download or read book The Roots of Reason written by David Papineau and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-01-26 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Papineau presents a controversial view of human reason, portraying it as a normal part of the natural world, and drawing on the empirical sciences to illuminate its workings. In these six interconnected essays he offers a fresh approach to some long-standing problems. Papineau rejects the contemporary orthodoxy that genuine thought hinges on some species of non-natural normativity. He explores the evolutionary histories of theoretical and practical rationality, indicating ways in which capacities underlying human reasoning have been selected for their biological advantages. He then looks at the connection between decision and probability, explaining how good decisions need to be informed by causal as well as probabilistic facts. Finally he defends the radical view that a satisfactory understanding of decision-making is only possible within a specific interpretation of quantum mechanics. By placing the subject in its scientific context, Papineau shows how human rationality plays an explicable role in the functioning of the natural world.

Common Sense, Reasoning, & Rationality

Author : Renée Elio
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195147669
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Common Sense, Reasoning, & Rationality by : Renée Elio

Download or read book Common Sense, Reasoning, & Rationality written by Renée Elio and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While common sense and rationality have often been viewed as two distinct features in a unified cognitive map, this volume engages with this notion and comes up with novel and often paradoxical views of this relationship.

Rationality

Author : Steven Pinker
Publisher : Penguin UK
ISBN 13 : 0241380308
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (413 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationality by : Steven Pinker

Download or read book Rationality written by Steven Pinker and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A TIMES BOOK OF THE YEAR 2021 'Punchy, funny and invigorating ... Pinker is the high priest of rationalism' Sunday Times 'If you've ever considered taking drugs to make yourself smarter, read Rationality instead. It's cheaper, more entertaining, and more effective' Jonathan Haidt, author of The Righteous Mind In the twenty-first century, humanity is reaching new heights of scientific understanding - and at the same time appears to be losing its mind. How can a species that discovered vaccines for Covid-19 in less than a year produce so much fake news, quack cures and conspiracy theorizing? In Rationality, Pinker rejects the cynical cliché that humans are simply an irrational species - cavemen out of time fatally cursed with biases, fallacies and illusions. After all, we discovered the laws of nature, lengthened and enriched our lives and set the benchmarks for rationality itself. Instead, he explains, we think in ways that suit the low-tech contexts in which we spend most of our lives, but fail to take advantage of the powerful tools of reasoning we have built up over millennia: logic, critical thinking, probability, causal inference, and decision-making under uncertainty. These tools are not a standard part of our educational curricula, and have never been presented clearly and entertainingly in a single book - until now. Rationality matters. It leads to better choices in our lives and in the public sphere, and is the ultimate driver of social justice and moral progress. Brimming with insight and humour, Rationality will enlighten, inspire and empower. 'A terrific book, much-needed for our time' Peter Singer

Rationality and Reasoning

Author : Jonathon St. B.T. Evans
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135472319
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (354 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationality and Reasoning by : Jonathon St. B.T. Evans

Download or read book Rationality and Reasoning written by Jonathon St. B.T. Evans and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses an apparent paradox in the psychology of thinking. On the one hand, human beings are a highly successful species. On the other, intelligent adults are known to exhibit numerous errors and biases in laboratory studies of reasoning and decision making. There has been much debate among both philosophers and psychologists about the implications of such studies for human rationality. The authors argue that this debate is marked by a confusion between two distinct notions: (a) personal rationality (rationality1 Evans and Over argue that people have a high degree of rationality1 but only a limited capacity for rationality2. The book re-interprets the psychological literature on reasoning and decision making, showing that many normative errors, by abstract standards, reflect the operation of processes that would normally help to achieve ordinary goals. Topics discussed include relevance effects in reasoning and decision making, the influence of prior beliefs on thinking, and the argument that apparently non-logical reasoning can reflect efficient decision making. The authors also discuss the problem of deductive competence - whether people have it, and what mechanism can account for it. As the book progresses, increasing emphasis is given to the authors' dual process theory of thinking, in which a distinction between tacit and explicit cognitive systems is developed. It is argued that much of human capacity for rationality1 is invested in tacit cognitive processes, which reflect both innate mechanisms and biologically constrained learning. However, the authors go on to argue that human beings also possess an explicit thinking system, which underlies their unique - if limited - capacity to be rational.

Probability and the Logic of Rational Belief

Author : Henry Ely Kyburg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability and the Logic of Rational Belief by : Henry Ely Kyburg

Download or read book Probability and the Logic of Rational Belief written by Henry Ely Kyburg and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reality and Rationality

Author : the late Wesley C. Salmon
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190292261
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Reality and Rationality by : the late Wesley C. Salmon

Download or read book Reality and Rationality written by the late Wesley C. Salmon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-06-09 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of articles (most published, some new) is a follow-up to the late Wesley C. Salmon's widely read collection Causality And Explanation (OUP 1998). It contains both published and unpublished articles, and focuses on two related areas of inquiry: First, is science a rational enterprise? Secondly, does science yield objective information about our world, even the aspects that we cannot observe directly? Salmon's own take is that objective knowledge of the world is possible, and his work in these articles centers around proving that this can be so. Salmon's influential standing in the field ensures that this volume will be of interest to both undergraduates and professional philosophers, primarily in the philosophy of science.

Probability Theory

Author :
Publisher : Allied Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9788177644517
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability Theory by :

Download or read book Probability Theory written by and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Probability theory

Error and Inference

Author : Deborah G. Mayo
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139485369
Total Pages : 491 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Error and Inference by : Deborah G. Mayo

Download or read book Error and Inference written by Deborah G. Mayo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-10-26 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although both philosophers and scientists are interested in how to obtain reliable knowledge in the face of error, there is a gap between their perspectives that has been an obstacle to progress. By means of a series of exchanges between the editors and leaders from the philosophy of science, statistics and economics, this volume offers a cumulative introduction connecting problems of traditional philosophy of science to problems of inference in statistical and empirical modelling practice. Philosophers of science and scientific practitioners are challenged to reevaluate the assumptions of their own theories - philosophical or methodological. Practitioners may better appreciate the foundational issues around which their questions revolve and thereby become better 'applied philosophers'. Conversely, new avenues emerge for finally solving recalcitrant philosophical problems of induction, explanation and theory testing.

Putting Logic in Its Place

Author : David Christensen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199263256
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Putting Logic in Its Place by : David Christensen

Download or read book Putting Logic in Its Place written by David Christensen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-11-04 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What role, if any, does formal logic play in characterizing epistemically rational belief? Traditionally, belief is seen in a binary way - either one believes a proposition, or one doesn't. Given this picture, it is attractive to impose certain deductive constraints on rational belief: that one's beliefs be logically consistent, and that one believe the logical consequences of one's beliefs. A less popular picture sees belief as a graded phenomenon. This picture (explored more bydecision-theorists and philosophers of science thatn by mainstream epistemologists) invites the use of probabilistic coherence to constrain rational belief. But this latter project has often involved defining graded beliefs in terms of preferences, which may seem to change the subject away fromepistemic rationality.Putting Logic in its Place explores the relations between these two ways of seeing beliefs. It argues that the binary conception, although it fits nicely with much of our commonsense thought and talk about belief, cannot in the end support the traditional deductive constraints on rational belief. Binary beliefs that obeyed these constraints could not answer to anything like our intuitive notion of epistemic rationality, and would end up having to be divorced from central aspects of ourcognitive, practical, and emotional lives.But this does not mean that logic plays no role in rationality. Probabilistic coherence should be viewed as using standard logic to constrain rational graded belief. This probabilistic constraint helps explain the appeal of the traditional deductive constraints, and even underlies the force of rationally persuasive deductive arguments. Graded belief cannot be defined in terms of preferences. But probabilistic coherence may be defended without positing definitional connections between beliefsand preferences. Like the traditional deductive constraints, coherence is a logical ideal that humans cannot fully attain. Nevertheless, it furnishes a compelling way of understanding a key dimension of epistemic rationality.

Rationality Through Reasoning

Author : John Broome
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1405117109
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationality Through Reasoning by : John Broome

Download or read book Rationality Through Reasoning written by John Broome and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rationality Through Reasoning answers the question of how people are motivated to do what they believe they ought to do, built on a comprehensive account of normativity, rationality and reasoning that differs significantly from much existing philosophical thinking. Develops an original account of normativity, rationality and reasoning significantly different from the majority of existing philosophical thought Includes an account of theoretical and practical reasoning that explains how reasoning is something we ourselves do, rather than something that happens in us Gives an account of what reasons are and argues that the connection between rationality and reasons is much less close than many philosophers have thought Contains rigorous new accounts of oughts including owned oughts, agent-relative reasons, the logic of requirements, instrumental rationality, the role of normativity in reasoning, following a rule, the correctness of reasoning, the connections between intentions and beliefs, and much else. Offers a new answer to the ‘motivation question’ of how a normative belief motivates an action.

Probability and Rationality

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004457208
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability and Rationality by :

Download or read book Probability and Rationality written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-11-15 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Thinking about Acting

Author : John L. Pollock
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199838860
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Thinking about Acting by : John L. Pollock

Download or read book Thinking about Acting written by John L. Pollock and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-07-27 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Pollock aims to construct a theory of rational decision making for real agents--not ideal agents. Real agents have limited cognitive powers, but traditional theories of rationality have applied only to idealized agents that lack such constraints. Pollock argues that theories of ideal rationality are largely irrelevant to the decision making of real agents. Thinking about Acting aims to provide a theory of "real rationality."

Common Sense, Reasoning, and Rationality

Author : Renee Elio
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198033680
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Common Sense, Reasoning, and Rationality by : Renee Elio

Download or read book Common Sense, Reasoning, and Rationality written by Renee Elio and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002-02-07 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the eleventh volume in the New Directions in Cognitive Science series (formerly the Vancouver Studies in Cognitive Science series), this work promises superb scholarship and interdisciplinary appeal. It addresses three areas of current and varied interest: common sense, reasoning, and rationality. While common sense and rationality often have been viewed as two distinct features in a unified cognitive map, this volume offers novel, even paradoxical, views of the relationship. Comprised of outstanding essays from distinguished philosophers, it considers what constitutes human rationality, behavior, and intelligence covering diverse areas of philosophy, psychology, cognitive science, and computer science. Indeed, it is at the forefront of cognitive research and promises to be of unprecedented influence across numerous disciplines.

Unsettled Thoughts

Author : Julia Staffel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0198833717
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Unsettled Thoughts by : Julia Staffel

Download or read book Unsettled Thoughts written by Julia Staffel and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How should thinkers cope with uncertainty? Julia Staffel breaks new ground in the study of rationality by answering this question and many others. She also explains how it is better to be less irrational, because less irrational degrees of belief are generally more accurate and better at guiding our actions.

Rationality Through Reasoning

Author : John Broome
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118609115
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Rationality Through Reasoning by : John Broome

Download or read book Rationality Through Reasoning written by John Broome and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-08-05 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rationality Through Reasoning answers the question of how people are motivated to do what they believe they ought to do, built on a comprehensive account of normativity, rationality and reasoning that differs significantly from much existing philosophical thinking. Develops an original account of normativity, rationality and reasoning significantly different from the majority of existing philosophical thought Includes an account of theoretical and practical reasoning that explains how reasoning is something we ourselves do, rather than something that happens in us Gives an account of what reasons are and argues that the connection between rationality and reasons is much less close than many philosophers have thought Contains rigorous new accounts of oughts including owned oughts, agent-relative reasons, the logic of requirements, instrumental rationality, the role of normativity in reasoning, following a rule, the correctness of reasoning, the connections between intentions and beliefs, and much else. Offers a new answer to the ‘motivation question’ of how a normative belief motivates an action.