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Author : Yoav Shoham
Publisher : MIT Press (MA)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Reasoning about Change written by Yoav Shoham and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1988 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reasoning About Change presents a comprehensive approach to temporal reasoning in artificial intelligence.
Author : Hans Rott
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 9780198503064
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Change, Choice and Inference written by Hans Rott and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work develops logical theories necessary to understand adaptable human reasoning & the design ofintelligent systems. It unifies lively & significant strands of research in logic, philosophy, economics & artificial intelligence.
Author : Marc Gopin
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197537928
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)
Download or read book Compassionate Reasoning written by Marc Gopin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-12 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many people across the planet who work every day for the sake of others but who are ensconced in exhausting work with dangerous and difficult situations of conflict. These people are often heroic bridge-builders and creators of peaceful societies, and they have a common set of cultivated moral character traits and psychosocial skills. They tend to be kinder, more reasonable, more self-controlled, and more goal-oriented to peace. They are united by a particular set of moral values and the emotional skills to put those values into practice. The aim of this book is to articulate the best combination of those values and skills that lead to personal and communal sustainability, not burnout and self-destruction. The book pivots on the observable difference in the mind-and proven in neuroscience imaging experiments-between destructive empathic distress, on the one hand, and, on the other, joyful, constructive, compassionate care. .
Author : L. Magnani
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780306462924
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (629 download)
Download or read book Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery written by L. Magnani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-10-31 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume is based on the papers that were presented at the Interna tional Conference Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery (MBR'98), held at the Collegio Ghislieri, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, in December 1998. The papers explore how scientific thinking uses models and explanatory reasoning to produce creative changes in theories and concepts. The study of diagnostic, visual, spatial, analogical, and temporal rea soning has demonstrated that there are many ways of performing intelligent and creative reasoning that cannot be described with the help only of tradi tional notions of reasoning such as classical logic. Traditional accounts of scientific reasoning have restricted the notion of reasoning primarily to de ductive and inductive arguments. Understanding the contribution of model ing practices to discovery and conceptual change in science requires ex panding scientific reasoning to include complex forms of creative reasoning that are not always successful and can lead to incorrect solutions. The study of these heuristic ways of reasoning is situated at the crossroads of philoso phy, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and logic; that is, at the heart of cognitive science. There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model based reasoning to be considered in this book. The models are intended as in terpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations. The models are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain.
Author : Stephen M. Dark
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 042989581X
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)
Download or read book Contemplating Climate Change written by Stephen M. Dark and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-07-11 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global climate change policy has failed us all, but what is the reasoning that underlies this failure? Why are some people more disposed to reflect on confounding issues like climate change, recognise the danger, seek a solution, and act accordingly, more than others? This book is concerned with how we think and act in response to climate change. In particular, faced with deep uncertainty and the multifaceted complexities that characterise the climate change conundrum, how the various actors and institutions involved in the policymaking process make decisions that both aid and impede in the design and implementation of climate change policy. This book focuses on how these actors and institutions frame and use the knowledge available – under conditions of competing ideologies and interests – and synthesise it to form often-disparate mental models, or worldviews, that inspire them to become firm advocates of meaningful climate change action or indeed, sceptics that continue to downplay the threat, and hence the need for urgency. By exploring how we think about climate change and the disparate mental models we hold as a result, this book explores why humankind has thus far failed in its endeavours to solve the climate change problem. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of climate change, environmental policy and environmental psychology.
Author : Adam Grant
Publisher : Random House
ISBN 13 : 0753553902
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (535 download)
Download or read book Think Again written by Adam Grant and published by Random House. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE MILLION-COPY BESTSELLER If you can change your mind you can do anything. Why do we refresh our wardrobes every year, renovate our kitchens every decade, but never update our beliefs and our views? Why do we laugh at people using computers that are ten years old, but yet still cling to opinions we formed ten years ago? There's a new skill for the modern world that matters more than raw intelligence - the ability to change your mind. To have the edge we all need to develop the flexibility to unlearn old beliefs and adapt when the evidence and the world changes before us. Told through fascinating stories, informed by cutting-edge research and illustratedwith amazing insights from Adam Grant's conversations with people such as Elon Musk, Hilary Clinton's campaign team, top CEOs and leading scientists, this is the ultimate guide to keeping your thinking fresh, learning when to question your ideas and update your own opinions, and how to inspire those around you to do the same.
Author : Barbara Koslowski
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262112093
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Theory and Evidence written by Barbara Koslowski and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Koslowski boldly criticizes many of the currently classic studies and musters a compelling set of arguments, backed by an exhaustive set of experiments carried out during the last decade.
Author : Julia Galef
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0735217556
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (352 download)
Download or read book The Scout Mindset written by Julia Galef and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2021-04-13 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "...an engaging and enlightening account from which we all can benefit."—The Wall Street Journal A better way to combat knee-jerk biases and make smarter decisions, from Julia Galef, the acclaimed expert on rational decision-making. When it comes to what we believe, humans see what they want to see. In other words, we have what Julia Galef calls a "soldier" mindset. From tribalism and wishful thinking, to rationalizing in our personal lives and everything in between, we are driven to defend the ideas we most want to believe—and shoot down those we don't. But if we want to get things right more often, argues Galef, we should train ourselves to have a "scout" mindset. Unlike the soldier, a scout's goal isn't to defend one side over the other. It's to go out, survey the territory, and come back with as accurate a map as possible. Regardless of what they hope to be the case, above all, the scout wants to know what's actually true. In The Scout Mindset, Galef shows that what makes scouts better at getting things right isn't that they're smarter or more knowledgeable than everyone else. It's a handful of emotional skills, habits, and ways of looking at the world—which anyone can learn. With fascinating examples ranging from how to survive being stranded in the middle of the ocean, to how Jeff Bezos avoids overconfidence, to how superforecasters outperform CIA operatives, to Reddit threads and modern partisan politics, Galef explores why our brains deceive us and what we can do to change the way we think.
Author : Gilbert Harman
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262263157
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)
Download or read book Reliable Reasoning written by Gilbert Harman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-01-13 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The implications for philosophy and cognitive science of developments in statistical learning theory. In Reliable Reasoning, Gilbert Harman and Sanjeev Kulkarni—a philosopher and an engineer—argue that philosophy and cognitive science can benefit from statistical learning theory (SLT), the theory that lies behind recent advances in machine learning. The philosophical problem of induction, for example, is in part about the reliability of inductive reasoning, where the reliability of a method is measured by its statistically expected percentage of errors—a central topic in SLT. After discussing philosophical attempts to evade the problem of induction, Harman and Kulkarni provide an admirably clear account of the basic framework of SLT and its implications for inductive reasoning. They explain the Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) dimension of a set of hypotheses and distinguish two kinds of inductive reasoning. The authors discuss various topics in machine learning, including nearest-neighbor methods, neural networks, and support vector machines. Finally, they describe transductive reasoning and suggest possible new models of human reasoning suggested by developments in SLT.
Author : Fenrong Liu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400713444
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Reasoning about Preference Dynamics written by Fenrong Liu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-30 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our preferences determine how we act and think, but exactly what the mechanics are and how they work is a central cause of concern in many disciplines. This book uses techniques from modern logics of information flow and action to develop a unified new theory of what preference is and how it changes. The theory emphasizes reasons for preference, as well as its entanglement with our beliefs. Moreover, the book provides dynamic logical systems which describe the explicit triggers driving preference change, including new information, suggestions, and commands. In sum, the book creates new bridges between many fields, from philosophy and computer science to economics, linguistics, and psychology. For the experienced scholar access to a large body of recent literature is provided and the novice gets a thorough introduction to the action and techniques of dynamic logic.
Author : Robert Mayes
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9462095272
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (62 download)
Download or read book Quantitative Reasoning in the Context of Energy and Environment written by Robert Mayes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-19 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides professional development leaders and teachers with a framework for integrating authentic real-world performance tasks into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) classrooms. We incorporate elements of problem-based learning to engage students around grand challenges in energy and environment, place-based leaning to motivate students by relating the problem to their community, and Understanding by Design to ensure that understanding key concepts in STEM is the outcome. Our framework has as a basic tenet interdisciplinary STEM approaches to studying real-world problems. We invited professional learning communities of science and mathematics teachers to bring multiple lenses to the study of these problems, including the sciences of biology, chemistry, earth systems and physics, technology through data collection tools and computational science modeling approaches, engineering design around how to collect data, and mathematics through quantitative reasoning. Our goal was to have teachers create opportunities for their students to engage in real-world problems impacting their place; problems that could be related to STEM grand challenges demonstrating the importance and utility of STEM. We want to broaden the participation of students in STEM, which both increases the future STEM workforce, providing our next generation of scientists, technologists, engineers, and mathematicians, as well as producing a STEM literate citizenry that can make informed decisions about grand challenges that will be facing their generation. While we provide a specifi c example of an interdisciplinary STEM module, we hope to do more than provide a single fish. Rather we hope to teach you how to fish so you can create modules that will excite your students.
Author : Erik T. Mueller
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080476619
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Commonsense Reasoning written by Erik T. Mueller and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-26 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To endow computers with common sense is one of the major long-term goals of Artificial Intelligence research. One approach to this problem is to formalize commonsense reasoning using mathematical logic. Commonsense Reasoning is a detailed, high-level reference on logic-based commonsense reasoning. It uses the event calculus, a highly powerful and usable tool for commonsense reasoning, which Erik T. Mueller demonstrates as the most effective tool for the broadest range of applications. He provides an up-to-date work promoting the use of the event calculus for commonsense reasoning, and bringing into one place information scattered across many books and papers. Mueller shares the knowledge gained in using the event calculus and extends the literature with detailed event calculus solutions to problems that span many areas of the commonsense world. - Covers key areas of commonsense reasoning including action, change, defaults, space, and mental states. - The first full book on commonsense reasoning to use the event calculus. - Contextualizes the event calculus within the framework of commonsense reasoning, introducing the event calculus as the best method overall. - Focuses on how to use the event calculus formalism to perform commonsense reasoning, while existing papers and books examine the formalisms themselves. - Includes fully worked out proofs and circumscriptions for every example.
Author : Sarah Dillon
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000467260
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)
Download or read book Storylistening written by Sarah Dillon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Storylistening makes the case for the urgent need to take stories seriously in order to improve public reasoning. Dillon and Craig provide a theory and practice for gathering narrative evidence that will complement and strengthen, not distort, other forms of evidence, including that from science. Focusing on the cognitive and the collective, Dillon and Craig show how stories offer alternative points of view, create and cohere collective identities, function as narrative models, and play a crucial role in anticipation. They explore these four functions in areas of public reasoning where decisions are strongly influenced by contentious knowledge and powerful imaginings: climate change, artificial intelligence, the economy, and nuclear weapons and power. Vivid performative readings of stories from The Ballad of Tam-Lin to The Terminator demonstrate the insights that storylistening can bring and the ways it might be practised. The book provokes a reimagining of what a public humanities might look like, and shows how the structures and practices of public reasoning can evolve to better incorporate narrative evidence. Storylistening aims to create the conditions in which the important task of listening to stories is possible, expected, and becomes endemic. Taking the reader through complex ideas from different disciplines in ways that do not require any prior knowledge, this book is an essential read for policymakers, political scientists, students of literary studies, and anyone interested in the public humanities and the value, importance, and operation of narratives.
Author : David McRaney
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0593190297
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (931 download)
Download or read book How Minds Change written by David McRaney and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2022-06-21 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2022 Porchlight Marketing and Sales Book of the Year A brain-bending investigation of why some people never change their minds—and others do in an instant—by the bestselling author of You Are Not So Smart What made a prominent conspiracy-theorist YouTuber finally see that 9/11 was not a hoax? How do voter opinions shift from neutral to resolute? Can widespread social change only take place when a generation dies out? From one of our greatest thinkers on reasoning, HOW MINDS CHANGE is a book about the science, and the experience, of transformation. When self-delusion expert and psychology nerd David McRaney began a book about how to change someone’s mind in one conversation, he never expected to change his own. But then a diehard 9/11 Truther’s conversion blew up his theories—inspiring him to ask not just how to persuade, but why we believe, from the eye of the beholder. Delving into the latest research of psychologists and neuroscientists, HOW MINDS CHANGE explores the limits of reasoning, the power of groupthink, and the effects of deep canvassing. Told with McRaney’s trademark sense of humor, compassion, and scientific curiosity, it’s an eye-opening journey among cult members, conspiracy theorists, and political activists, from Westboro Baptist Church picketers to LGBTQ campaigners in California—that ultimately challenges us to question our own motives and beliefs. In an age of dangerous conspiratorial thinking, can we rise to the occasion with empathy? An expansive, big-hearted journalistic narrative, HOW MINDS CHANGE reaches surprising and thought-provoking conclusions, to demonstrate the rare but transformative circumstances under which minds can change.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780262510639
Total Pages : 918 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (16 download)
Download or read book AAAI-92 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AAAI proceedings describe innovative concepts, techniques, perspectives, and observations that present promising research directions in artificial intelligence.The focus of the AAAI-92 conference is on the re integration of AI as a diverse but coherent whole. Accordingly the traditional list of community-based content areas has been replaced by a more neutral set of taxonomies that span the field. For example, a paper proposing a new epistemology for representing the physical world based on an analysis of human brain structure would be described as "representation, physical world, biological." The papers collected here represent significant research contributions to such areas as the principles underlying cognition, perception, and action in man and machine; the design, application, and evaluation of AI algorithms and systems; and the analysis of domains in which AI systems perform.
Author : Shira Elqayam
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317202864
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)
Download or read book New Paradigm Psychology of Reasoning written by Shira Elqayam and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-02 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years the psychology of reasoning has undergone radical change, which can only be seen as a Kuhn-style scientific revolution. This shift has been dubbed ‘New Paradigm’. For years, psychologists of reasoning focused on binary truth values and regarded the influence of belief as a bias. In contrast to this, the new paradigm puts probabilities, and subjective degrees of belief, centre stage. It also emphasises subjective psychological value, or utility; the way we reason within our own social environment (‘social pragmatics’); and the crucial role of dual process theories. Such theories distinguish between fast, intuitive processes, and effortful processes which enable hypothetical thinking. The new paradigm aims to integrate the psychology of reasoning with the study of judgement and decision making, leading to a much more unified field of higher mental processing. This collection showcases these recent developments, with chapters on topics such as the difference between deduction and induction, a Bayesian formulation of faint praise, the role of emotion in reasoning, and the relevance of psychology of reasoning to moral judgement. This book was originally published as a special issue of Thinking & Reasoning.
Author : Joseph Y. Halpern
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262533804
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)
Download or read book Reasoning about Uncertainty, second edition written by Joseph Y. Halpern and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-04-07 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formal ways of representing uncertainty and various logics for reasoning about it; updated with new material on weighted probability measures, complexity-theoretic considerations, and other topics. In order to deal with uncertainty intelligently, we need to be able to represent it and reason about it. In this book, Joseph Halpern examines formal ways of representing uncertainty and considers various logics for reasoning about it. While the ideas presented are formalized in terms of definitions and theorems, the emphasis is on the philosophy of representing and reasoning about uncertainty. Halpern surveys possible formal systems for representing uncertainty, including probability measures, possibility measures, and plausibility measures; considers the updating of beliefs based on changing information and the relation to Bayes' theorem; and discusses qualitative, quantitative, and plausibilistic Bayesian networks. This second edition has been updated to reflect Halpern's recent research. New material includes a consideration of weighted probability measures and how they can be used in decision making; analyses of the Doomsday argument and the Sleeping Beauty problem; modeling games with imperfect recall using the runs-and-systems approach; a discussion of complexity-theoretic considerations; the application of first-order conditional logic to security. Reasoning about Uncertainty is accessible and relevant to researchers and students in many fields, including computer science, artificial intelligence, economics (particularly game theory), mathematics, philosophy, and statistics.
